MAT2691/2023

SEMESTER 1 : ASSIGNMENT 01

ONLY FOR SEMESTER 1 STUDENTS

Due Date:

This assignment is a written assignment based on Module 1.

Submission of this assignment by the due date will give you admission to the examination
This assignment contributes 40% to your year mark.
Question 1
dy
Find if
dx
1.1. y = sinh −1 (cos 2 x) . (2)

1.2. x 2 + y 2 = xy . (2)

1.3 y = (tan −1 x) tan x . (3)

dy
1.4 Determine the slope of the curve x 3 + y 3 = 3 xy . (4)
dx
d2y dy 1
1.5 Determine if x =  − sin  and = . (2)
dx 2
dx 1 − cos 
Question 2

z x
2.1 Find , at the point (1,2), if z = sin −1 . (2)
y y
y
2.2 If z = cos −1 , determine
x + y2
2

z
2.2.1 . (4)
y
2z
2.2.2 . (2)
y 2
2.3 A projectile is fired from a position on the ground. The motion of the projectile in two
dimensions is represented by the parametric equations x = e and y = (1 +  ) 3 :
dy
2.3.1 Find an expression for the velocity of the projectile. (3)
dx
d2y
2.3.2 Find an expression for the acceleration 2 of the projectile. (2)
dx
Question 3

2I 2 R
3.1 The formula to calculate the demand for power 𝑃 is given by P = . If the demand for
d2
power increases by more than 9%, load shedding is implemented.

3.1.1 On a cold winter’s night, the current 𝐼 changes by ±3%, the resistance 𝑅 changes
by ±2% and the cable diameter 𝑑 changes by ±2%. Calculate the maximum change
in power. (4)

3.1.2 Will load shedding be implemented? Give a reason for your answer. (1)

3.2 The volume of water in a dam is determined by the formula V = 2h 2 (3d − 3h) . After a
rainfall, water is flowing into the dam resulting in an increase in the water level ℎ at a rate
of 0.06m/hr while the diameter 𝑑 of the dam is increasing at a rate of 0.25m/hr. Determine
the rate at which the volume is changing the instant when 𝑑 = 20m and ℎ = 6m. (4)
−𝑡
3.3 Use the Maclaurin series to expand 𝑡𝑒 to four non-zero terms. (5)
Total [40]

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 MAT2691/2023

ADDENDUM

Formula Sheets

ALGEBRA Factors
Laws of indices a 3 − b 3 = (a − b )(a 2 + ab + b 2 )

m+n
(
a 3 + b 3 = (a + b ) a 2 − ab + b 2 )
1. a a =a
m n

am Partial Fractions
2. = a m−n
an
f (x ) A B C
3. (a )m n
= a mn = a n( ) m
= + +
(x + a )(x + b )(x + c ) (x + a ) (x + b ) (x + c )
m

4. a n
= n am
1 1 f (x ) A B C D
a −n = an = = + + +
5.
an
and
a −n (x + a ) (x + b)
3
(x + a ) (x + a ) (x + a ) (x + b)
2 3

6. a =10

7. ab = a b f (x ) Ax + B C
= +
a a
n n ( 2
) 2
(
ax + bx + c ( x + d ) ax + bx + c ( x + d ))
8.   = n
b b
Quadratic Formula
Logarithms
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Definitions: − b  b 2 − 4ac
If y = a x then x = log a y then x=
2a
If y = e x then x = n y
Laws:
1. log ( A  B ) = log A + log B
 A
2. log   = log A − log B
B
3. log An = n log A
log b A
4. log a A=
log b a
5. a log a f = f  e n f = f
DETERMINANTS

a11 a12 a13

a a 23 a a 23 a a 22
a 21 a 22 a 23 = a11 22 − a12 21 + a13 21
a 32 a 33 a 31 a 33 a 31 a 32
a 31 a 32 a 33
= a11 (a 22 a 33 − a 32 a 23 ) − a12 (a 21 a 33 − a 31 a 23 ) + a13 (a 21 a 32 − a 31 a 22 )

SERIES
Binomial Theorem

(a + b )n = a n + na n −1b + n(n − 1) a n − 2 b 2 + n(n − 1)(n − 2) a n −3 b 3 + ....

2! 3!
and b  a

(1 + x )n = 1 + nx + n(n − 1) x 2 + n(n − 1)(n − 2) x 3 + ...

2! 3!
and − 1  x  1

Maclaurin’s Theorem

f (0) f (0) 2 f (0) 3 f n −1 (0) n −1

f ( x ) = f (0) + x+ x + x ++ x +
1! 2! 3! (n − 1)!
Taylor’s Theorem

f (a ) f (a ) f (a ) f n−1 (a )

f ( x ) = f (a ) + (x − a ) + (x − a ) + (x − a ) +  + (x − a )n−1 + 
2 3

1! 2! 3! (n − 1)!
h2 h n−1 n−1
f (a + h ) = f (a ) + f (a ) + f (a ) +  + f (a ) + 
h
 
1! 2! (n − 1)!

COMPLEX NUMBERS

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 MAT2691/2023

1. z = a + bj = r (cos  + j sin ) = r  = re j , 7. De Moivre' s Theorem

where j 2 = −1 r  n
= r n n = r n (cos n + j sin n)

(a )
1
Modulus : r= z = 2
+ b2 8. z n has n distinct roots :
b  + k 360 
1 1
Argument :  = arg z = arc tan zn =rn with k = 0, 1, 2,  , n − 1
a n
9. re j = r (cos  + j sin )
2. Addition :
(a + jb ) + (c + jd ) = (a + c ) + j (b + d )
( )
  re j = r cos  and  re j = r sin  ( )
3. Subtractio n :
10. e a + jb
=e a`
(cos b + j sin b )
(a + jb ) − (c + jd ) = (a − c ) + j (b − d ) j
11. n re =  n r + j
4. If m + jn = p + jq , then m = p and n = q
5. Multiplica tion : z1 z 2 = r1 r2 (1 +  2 )
z1 r1
6. Division : = (1 −  2 )
z 2 r2

GEOMETRY MENSURATION
1. Circle: (  in radians)
1. Straight line:
y = mx + c Area =  r 2
y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) Circumference = 2 r
−1 Arc length = r
Perpendiculars, then m1 =
m2 1 2 1
r=
Sector area = r
2 2
2. Angle between two lines:
1
m − m2 Segment area = r 2 ( − sin  )
tan  = 1 2
1 + m1 m2
3. Circle: 2. Ellipse:
x2 + y2 = r 2 Area = ab
(x − h) + (y − k ) = r Circumfere nce = (a + b )
2 2 2

4. Parabola: 3. Cylinder:
y = ax 2 + bx + c Volume = r 2 h
−b Surface area = 2rh + 2r 2
axis at x = 4. Pyramid:
2a
1
5. Ellipse: Volume = area base  height
3
x2 y2
+ =1 5. Cone:
a2 b2 1
Volume = r 2 h
6. Hyperbola: 3
Curved surface = r
6. Sphere:
 xy = k A = 4r 2
x2 y2
= 1 (round x - axis )
4 3
− V= r
a2 b2 3
x2 y2
− 2 + 2 = 1 (round y - axis )
7. Trapezoidal rule:
1 b − a 
 f ( x0 ) + 2 f ( x1 ) + + 2 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn ) 
a b
2  n  
8. Simpson’s rule:
1 b − a 
[ f ( x0 ) + 4 f ( x1 ) + 2 f ( x2 ) + 4 f ( x3 ) +
3  n 
2 f ( x4 ) + + 2 f ( xn−2 ) + 4 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn )]
9. Mid-Ordinate rule
b − a 
 n   f ( m1 ) + f ( m2 ) + + f ( mn−1 ) + f ( mn ) 
 

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 MAT2691/2023

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS TRIGONOMETRY

Definitions: Compound angle addition and subtraction
formulae:
e x − e−x
sinh x = sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
2 sin(A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B
e + e−x
x
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B
cosh x =
2 cos(A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
tan A + tan B
e − e−x tan ( A + B ) =
x
tanh x = x 1 − tan A tan B
e + e−x
tan A − tan B
tan ( A − B ) =
Identities: 1 + tan A tan B
cosh 2 x − sinh 2 x = 1 Double angles:
1 − tanh x = sech x
2 2
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos2A – sin2A
coth 2 x − 1 = cosech 2 x
= 2cos2A - 1
1
(cosh 2 x − 1)
sinh 2 x = 2
= 1 - 2sin2A
2 sin A = ½(1 - cos 2A)
cos2 A = ½(1 + cos 2A)
cosh 2 x = (cosh 2 x + 1)
1
2 tan A
2 tan 2 A =
sinh 2 x = 2 sinh x cosh x 1 − tan 2 A
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x
Products of sines and cosines into sums or
= 2 cosh x − 1
2
differences:
= 1 + 2 sinh 2 x sin A cos B = ½(sin (A + B) + sin (A - B))
cos A sin B = ½(sin (A + B) - sin (A - B))
cos A cos B = ½(cos (A + B) + cos (A - B))
sin A sin B = -½(cos (A + B) - cos (A - B))

Sums or differences of sines and cosines into

products:
x + y  x− y 
sin x + sin y = 2 sin   cos 
 2   2 
 x + y   x− y 
sin x − sin y = 2 cos sin  
 2   2 
x + y  x− y 
cos x + cos y = 2 cos  cos 
 2   2 
 x + y   x− y 
cos x − cos y = −2 sin  sin  
 2   2 
DIFFERENTIATION d f '( x)
10. sin −1 f ( x) =
dx 1 −  f ( x) 
2
dy f ( x + h) − f ( x)
1. = lim
d − f '( x)
dx h →0 h 11. cos −1 f ( x) =
dx 1 −  f ( x) 
d 2
2. k =0
dx d f '( x)
d n 12. tan −1 f ( x) =
ax = anx n −1 1 +  f ( x) 
dx 2
3.
dx
d −1 − f '( x)
d 13. cot f ( x) =
4. f .g = f .g '+ g. f ' dx 1 +  f ( x)
2
dx
d f g . f '− f .g ' d
sec −1 f ( x) =
f '( x)
5. = 14.
g2 dx f ( x )  f ( x) − 1
dx g 2

d
 f ( x) = n  f ( x) . f '( x) − f '( x)
n n −1
d
6. 15. cosec −1 f ( x) =
dx dx f ( x )  f ( x) − 1
2
dy dy du dv
7. = . . d f '( x)
dx du dv dx 16. sinh −1 f ( x) =
dx
 f ( x)2 + 1
8. Parametric equations
d f '( x)
17. cosh −1 f ( x) =
dy
dy
dx
 f ( x)2 − 1
= dt d f '( x)
dx
dx 18. tanh −1 f ( x) =
1 −  f ( x) 
dx 2
dt
d  dy  d f '( x)
coth −1 f ( x) =
d y dt  dx 
2 19.
1 −  f ( x) 
dx 2
=
dx 2 dx
d − f '( x)
dt 20. sech −1 f ( x) =
dx f ( x ) 1 −  f ( x) 
2

9. Maximum/minimum d − f '( x)
For turning points: f '(x) = 0 21. cosech −1 f ( x) =
dx f ( x )  f ( x) + 1
2
Let x = a be a solution for the above
If f '' (a) > 0, then a is a minimum point z z z
If f ''(a) < 0, then a is a maximum point 22. Increments: z = . x + . y + . w
x y w
For points of inflection: f " (x) = 0
23. Rate of change:
Let x = b be a solution for the above
dz  z dx  z dy  z dw
Test for inflection: f (b - h) and f(b + h) = . + . + .
dt  x dt  y dt  w dt
Change sign or f '"(b) ≠ 0 if f '"(b) exists.

INTEGRATION
b
  dy 
2
1. By parts :  udv = uv −  vdu 2. S =  1 +   dx
  dx 
a
1 b 1 b 2
3. Mean value = 
b−a a
y dx 4. R.M.S. =
b - a a
y dx

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MAT2691/2023
Table of Integrals
Table of Integrals

ax(n+1 )
1.  ax n dx =
n +1
+ c, n  −1
n +1
 f(x)
  f(x)
n
2. .f'(x) dx = + c, n  −1
n +1

 f (x)
3.  dx = n f(x) + c
 f(x)

  = e f(x) + c
f(x)
4. f (x).e dx

a f(x)
  = +c
f(x)
5. f (x).a dx
na

6.   sin f(x) dx
f (x). = − cos f(x) + c

7.   cos f(x) dx
f (x). = sin f(x) + c

8.  f ( x). tan f(x) dx = n sec f(x) + c

9.   cot f(x) dx
f (x). = n sin f(x) + c

10.   sec f(x) dx

f (x). = n sec f(x) + tan f(x) + c

11.   cosec f(x) dx

f (x). = n cosec f(x) − cot f(x) + c

12.   sec2 f(x) dx

f (x). = tan f(x) + c

13.   cosec 2 f(x) dx

f (x). = − cot f(x) + c

14.   sec f(x). tan f(x) dx

f (x). = sec f(x) + c

15.   cosec f(x). cot f(x) dx

f (x). = −cosec f(x) + c

16.   sinh f(x) dx

f (x). = cosh f(x) + c

17.   cosh f(x) dx

f (x). = sinh f(x) + c

18.   tanh f(x) dx

f (x). = n cosh f(x) + c

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 MAT2691/2023

19.   coth f(x) dx

f (x). = n sinh f(x) + c

20.   .sech 2 f(x) dx

f (x) = tanh f ( x ) + c

21.   cosech 2 f(x) dx

f (x). = − coth f ( x ) + c

22.   sechf(x). tanh f ( x ) dx

f (x). = −sech f(x) + c

23.   cosech f(x). coth f(x) dx = −cosech f(x) + c

f (x).


 f ( x)  f ( x) 
24.  dx = arc sin  +c


 a 2 −  f ( x ) 
2  a 

f ( x)  f ( x) 

 1
25.  dx = arc tan  +c


 f ( x )  + a 2 a  a 
2



 f ( x)  f ( x) 
26.  dx = arc sinh  +c


  f ( x )  + a 2
2  a 


 f ( x)  f ( x) 
27.  dx = arc cosh  +c


  f ( x )  − a 2
2  a 

f ( x)  f ( x) 

 1
28.  dx = arc tanh  +c
a 2 −  f ( x ) 



2 a  a 

f ( x)  f ( x) 

 1
29.  dx = − arc coth  +c


 f ( x )  − a 2 a  a 
2


 a2  f ( x)  f ( x) 2
f  ( x ) a 2 −  f ( x )  dx = arc sin  a −  f ( x )  + c
2 2
30. 
 +
 2  a  2

 a2  f ( x)  f ( x)
f  ( x )  f ( x )  + a 2 dx =  f ( x )  + a 2 + c
2 2
31. 
 arc sinh  +
 2  a  2

 a2  f ( x)  f ( x)
f  ( x )  f ( x )  − a 2 dx = − arc cosh   f ( x )  − a 2 + c
2 2
32. 
 +
 2  a  2

Tutorial letter compiled by Dr BP Ntsime. Please report any mistake to me.