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SARS

The document discusses breast cancer in a patient named D.V.L. Non-modifiable risk factors for the patient included obesity, older age, and a family history of breast cancer. Precipitating factors were a high-saturated diet, hormone use, and lack of physical activity. The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma that had spread to lymph nodes in the breast and bones, resulting in metastatic breast cancer. Early diagnosis and screening programs are important for improving survival rates from this disease.

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Clyde Enriquez
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34 views

SARS

The document discusses breast cancer in a patient named D.V.L. Non-modifiable risk factors for the patient included obesity, older age, and a family history of breast cancer. Precipitating factors were a high-saturated diet, hormone use, and lack of physical activity. The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma that had spread to lymph nodes in the breast and bones, resulting in metastatic breast cancer. Early diagnosis and screening programs are important for improving survival rates from this disease.

Uploaded by

Clyde Enriquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREDISPOSING FACTOR PRECIPITATING FACTOR

- HEALTH STATUS - VIRAL EXPOSURE


- IMMUNE SYSTEM - TRAVEL AND CONTACT
- GENETIC HISTORY
- AGE - HEALTH CARE SETTING
- SUPERSPREADING EVENTS
V
SARS-CoV

SARS-CoV enters the human body primarily through inhalation of


respiratory droplets containing the virus.
virus primarily targets epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract, particularly in the lungs.

SARS-CoV binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the surface of host cells.

ACE2 receptors are particularly abundant in the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli of the lungs.
This binding allows the virus to enter and infect host cells.

After binding, the virus is internalized into the host cell. The viral RNA is released, and the host cellular
machinery is used to replicate the viral genome and produce new viral particles.

SARS

immune system releases natural defense mechanism combination of viral


Inflammation in
cytokines which caused the that helps to clear the invasion, inflammation,
respiratory tract of irritants, the blood
raising the body's damage to lung tissues, and
foreign particles, and vessels
temperature. the body's efforts to
excess mucus compensate for impaired
oxygen exchange. HEADACHE
FEVER, CHILLS, COUGH
MUSCLE ACHE,
FATIGUE SOB & Difficulty
Breathing
LEGEND:

Predisposing factor
Precipitating factor
Etiologic Agent
Disease Process
Signs and Symptoms
Disease

Breast cancer is a known disease that is one of the leading causes of death among women. It is one of the most common cancers in women. A
type of disease that evolves silently and is usually diagnosed during routine screening. Some patients discover their disease by presenting with a
lump, a change in breast shape or size, or nipple discharge. A physical examination, imaging, especially mammography, and tissue biopsy must
be done to diagnose breast cancer. The survival rate improves with early diagnosis. The tumor tends to spread lymphatically and
hematologically, leading to distant metastases and a poor prognosis. This explains and emphasizes the importance of breast cancer screening
programs.

In the case of Patient D.V.L., She weighs 120 kg and has a height of 167 cm. The patient has a medical history of operations in her breast due to
cancer and in her right knee due to metastasis. Prior to the patient’s Breast cancer, the patient had a history of present illness due to pathologic
fractures of the right knee and left hip. The patient’s cancer metastasized in her submandibular and buccal lymph nodes because the cancer
started in breast cells. The breast cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and enter the blood stream, thereby spreading to other
organs.

Non-modifiable risk factors are as follows: Obesity (120kg weight, 167cm height); Age (57 years old); family history of breast cancer. The breast
is composed of adipose tissue, and too much fat tissue could lead to the formation of a tumor. Being female also contributes to the formation of
cancer due to the presence of estrogen, and an increase in estrogen leads to cell proliferation, which results in tumor growth.

 
The precipitating factors are a high-saturated diet, hormones, and not being physically active. A high-saturated diet and not being physically
active could lead to the formation of fatty cells inside the body, and without exercise, fat cells will not be burned and continue to form.
Contraceptives contain estrogen and progesterone, and an increase in estrogen could increase the risk of breast cancer. Estrogen's role in breast
cancer is that it acts as a catalyst for cancer growth because it stimulates the division and proliferation of breast tissue, a process that carries the
risk of cancer-causing mutations.

The patient had invasive breast cancer and had already had mastectomy surgery on her left breast with ductal and lobular features. Invasive
ductal carcinoma begins in the breast milk duct's lining cells. In there, the cancer spreads into the adjacent breast tissues after penetrating the
duct's wall. The lymphatic and circulatory systems of the body could still enable it to spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body at this
stage. In which it spreads out in the submandibular and buccal lymph nodes in the patient’s body, but no surgery is performed. After a few
months, cancer cells have spread into the patient's bones, which is known as secondary cancer or metastatic breast cancer in the bones.

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