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Lesson 5. Particulate Processing of Metals and Ceramics

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: (a) The maximum particle size that will pass through the wire mesh is equal to the wire diameter, which is 0.001377 in. (b) To calculate the proportion of open space, use the formula: Proportion of open space = 1 - (wire diameter/mesh opening)^2 The mesh opening for 325 mesh is 0.00044 in. Plugging into the formula: Proportion of open space = 1 - (0.001377/0.00044)^2 = 0.8276 = 82.76% Therefore, the maximum particle size is 0.001377 in and the proportion of open space is 82.76%

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Surya Adi
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62 views

Lesson 5. Particulate Processing of Metals and Ceramics

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: (a) The maximum particle size that will pass through the wire mesh is equal to the wire diameter, which is 0.001377 in. (b) To calculate the proportion of open space, use the formula: Proportion of open space = 1 - (wire diameter/mesh opening)^2 The mesh opening for 325 mesh is 0.00044 in. Plugging into the formula: Proportion of open space = 1 - (0.001377/0.00044)^2 = 0.8276 = 82.76% Therefore, the maximum particle size is 0.001377 in and the proportion of open space is 82.76%

Uploaded by

Surya Adi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Particulate

Processing of
Metals and
Ceramics

Lesson 5
16.1 Characterization of Engineering Powders
• A powder can be defined as a finely divided particulate solid.
16.2 Production of Metallic Powders
• There are three principal methods by which metallic powders are commercially produced, each of
which involves energy input to increase the surface area of the metal. The methods are (1)
atomization, (2) chemical, and (3) electrolytic
16.3 Conventional Pressing and Sintering
• After the metallic powders have been produced, the
conventional PM sequence consists of three steps: (1)
blending and mixing of the powders; (2) compaction,
in which the powders are pressed into the desired
part shape; and (3) sintering, which involves heating
to a temperature below the melting point to cause
solid-state bonding of the particles and
strengthening of the part.
16.3.2 Compaction
• In compaction, high pressure is applied to the powders to form
them into the required
shape.
16.4 Alternative Pressing and Sintering
Techniques
• Isostatic pressing takes two alternative forms: (1) cold isostatic pressing and (2) hot isostatic
pressing.
• Other techniques that combine the two steps are hot pressing and spark sintering.
16.5 Materials and Products for Powder
Metallurgy
• Powder Metallurgy Materials
• metal powders can be classified as either elemental or pre-alloyed.

• Powder Metallurgy Products


• Some of the components commonly manufactured by powder
metallurgy are gears, bearings, sprockets, fasteners, electrical contacts, cutting tools, and various
machinery parts.
16.6 Design Considerations in Powder
Metallurgy
• The Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) defines four classes of
powder metallurgy part designs, by level of difficulty in conventional
pressing.
17.1 Processing of Traditional Ceramics
• Usual steps in traditional ceramics processing: (1) preparation of raw materials, (2) shaping, (3)
drying, and (4) firing.
17.1.2 Shaping Processes
• the shaping processes can be divided according to the
consistency of the mixture: (1) slip casting; (2) plastic-forming
methods; (3) semi-dry pressing; and (4) dry pressing.
17.2 Processing of New Ceramics
• The manufacturing sequence for the new ceramics can be summarized in the following steps: (1)
preparation of starting materials, (2) shaping, (3) sintering, and (4) finishing.
17.3 Processing of Cermets
• Many metal matrix composites (MMCs) and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are processed by
particulate processing methods. The most prominent examples are cemented carbides and other
cermets.

• 17.4 Product Design Considerations


• Ceramic materials have special properties that make them attractive to designers if the
application is right.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What are some of the disadvantages of PM methods?
2. What are the principal methods used to produce metallic powders?
3. List and briefly describe some of the plastic forming methods used
to shape traditional ceramic
products.
4. What is the difference between dry pressing and semi-dry pressing
of traditional ceramic parts?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ
1. As particle size increases, interparticle friction (a) decreases, (b) increases, or (c) remains the
same?
2. Which of the following powder shapes would tend to have the lowest interparticle friction: (a)
acicular, (b) cubic, (c) flakey, (d) spherical, and (e) rounded?
3. In cold isostatic pressing, the mold is most typically made of which one of the following: (a)
rubber, (b) sheetmetal, (c) textile, (d) thermosetting polymer, or (e) tool steel?
4. Which one of the following compounds becomes a plastic and formable material when mixed
with suitable proportions of water: (a) aluminum oxide, (b) hydrogen oxide, (c) hydrous
aluminum silicate, or (d) silicon dioxide?
5. At which one of the following water contents does clay become a suitably plastic material for
the traditional ceramics plastic forming processes: (a) 5%, (b) 10%, (c) 20%, or (d) 40%?
6. Which one of the following processes for the new ceramic materials accomplishes shaping and
sintering simultaneously: (a) doctor-blade process, (b) freeze drying, (c) hot pressing, (d)
injection molding, or (e) isostatic pressing?
PROBLEMS
1. A screen with 325 mesh count has wires with a diameter of 0.001377
in. Determine (a) the maximum particle size that will pass through
the wire mesh and (b) the proportion of open space in the screen.

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