Formulating a problem

Definition Expressing its solution

Computational thinking involves taking a complex

problem and breaking it down into simple steps, each
of which can be individually solved.

breaking a complex problem down

Definition divide into different parts
into smaller, more manageable parts

Complex problems easier to solve

Significance Different people work on different parts reduce the time and improve the efficiency

Decomposition
Programme components developed in one
program can easily be used in other programs

Example divide the tasks time management

Format/express structured diagrams

Identify what is important part in a problem and

what information can be ignored or isn't
Definition important

Remove the unimportant part and

remain the important information

Take out sth that is not

How does it work Model Mindset 把细节剥离，留下主干信息和基本模版
important, remain the model or
template

Makes it easier to understand

Abstraction Significance
看到主干，剥离细节 有助于理解问题
Quicker to solve the problem
以后能把模版套来套去

If a characteristic has word "this", they

Attentions Identifying the general characteristics
probably it is not a general characteristic

Similar to baking, a model cake wouldn't be a

particular type of cake, such a fruit cake or sponge
Example cake. Instead, every cake would be represented by
the model. Using the universal baking patterns from
this model, we can learn how to make any cake.

check is there any problem or

Identify the trend or pattern in the problem solutions we have encountered
in the past can be applied here
Definition

check the similarities and differences

with some previous problems

Components Patterns exist among different

problems and within individual
problems.

If you have already built a house before, you will

Example Build a house have a lot of experience about building a house and
Pattern Recognition it would help you if you want to build another house

Computationa Significance Easier and quicker the problem will be solved Really fast
l Thinking
Decomposition What skill we can use to destroy Messi
Decomposition is usually a part of a question or
Difference with decomposition problem, but pattern recognition is usually a part Example
of solution that can be applied in similar situations
Pattern Recognition We can use bicycle kick to destroy Messi

We might create an incorrect

Consequence for not looking for patterns
or an inefficient solution

Determine the right steps

Defintion Following steps completely

Making mistakes

Form a list of efficiency automation or use of computers to execute tasks

flowchat

How to express

Usually, instructions are written in

In pseudocode, INPUT asks a question.
uppercase, variables in lowercase
OUTPUT prints a message on screen.
and messages in sentence case.
Algorithm Design
pseudocode

Pseudocode is not a programming language, it is a

simple way of describing a set of instructions that
does not have to use specific syntax.

Instructions must be unambiguous

Must have defined inputs and outputs

Must have defined endpoint

Characteristics
Must interpret the computer's results

loop
Must sequence steps correctly flowchart
conditional statement

A starting point

Component Process

An ending point

先分解问题，再把问题中的细节排掉，然后
Understanding 写出不同小部分的共同点，最后所有连起来