Association CODE OF PRACTICE 7 Storage of Full and Empty LPG Cylinders and Cartridges Check the current issue and control status of this standard in the Standards List spreadsheet before use ST&C LIMITED UKLPG is the voice on LPG in the UK, representing companies who ate producers, distributors, equipment and service providers, and vehicle converters. UKLPG was formed by the merger of the LP Gas Association (LPGA) and the Association for Liquid Gas Equipment and Distributors (ALGED) in Januaty 2008. Its roots are_ firmly established, with LPGA and ALGED established in 1947 and 1975 respectively. It is dedicated to the safe and effective development of LPG and takes a leading role in the consultation and negotiation with legistators and policy makers. Editions of LPGA Codes of Practice published before 1* January 2008, together with any amendments incorporated before or after that date, remain valid until the Code of Practice is superseded by a new edition. References to UKLPG Codes of Practice and LPGA Codes of Practice should be read as having the same meaning.CODE OF PRACTICE 7:2004 Storage of Full and Empty LPG Cylinders and CartridgesThe information in this Code of Practice is given in good faith and belief in its accuracy at the time of its publication, but does not imply any legal liability or responsibility by the Association. Users of this Code of Practice must pay regard to any relevant legislation or authoritative recommendations which may have evolved subsequent to the date of publication. Copyright subsists in all LP Gas Association publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without prior permission, in writing, from the Association. Document histor First Printed Revised Edition Revised Edition Revised Edition Copyright ©1998 August 1967 November 1986 July 1998 February 2004 Please check the LPGA website (www.Ipea.co.uk) for amendments to this publicationae Health & Safety Commission Advisory Committee on Dangerous Substances From the Chaie NICK STARLING Foreword by Nick Starling Chair, Health and Safety Commission Advisory Committee on Dangerous Substances This Code has been prepared by the LP Gas Association in full consultation with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Before publication, the contents of this document were sent out for wide consultation to all stakeholders with an interest in the transportation, storage or use of LP Gas. ‘Comments received were considered jointly by the Association and HSE. Many of the comments received have been incorporated in the document, This Code should not be regarded as an authoritative interpretation of the law, but if you follow the advice set out in it you will normally be doing enough to comply with health and safety law in respect of those specific issues on which the Code gives advice. Similarly, Health and Safety Inspectors seeking to secure compliance with the law may refer to this Guidance as illustrating good practice. Installations subject to the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations present ‘eater or different risks and requite site specific risk assessment and consultation with the Competent Authority. ‘The HSE believes that the contents of this Code demonstrate good practice in the LP Gas Industry and commends its use. Kush StanlyThe LP Gas Association The LP Gas Association is the representative body of the UK LPG Industry, drawing membership from producers, distributors, equipment and service providers and various interested parties. {t is a voluntary non-profit making organisation, dedicated to the safe and effective development of the LP Gas Industry in the UK for the benefit of all stakeholders. The Association was originally formed in 1947 and became the LPG Industry Technical Association in 1970. It adopted its present name of the LP Gas Association in 1992, ‘The Association is the voice of the Industry and takes a leading role in the consultation and negotiation (and subsequent interpretation) of proposed legislation with Government Departments such as the Health and Safety Executive, Department of Trade and Industry and the Department for Transport. It is also a leading participant in the activities of the European LP Gas Association (AEGPL) which is a vital organisation in the consultation process of European legislation, The Association publishes a large suite of Codes of Practice covering the storage, transportation and utilisation of LP Gas. These have been carefully developed by practising experts from the Industry and other interested parties. The value and authority of LPGA Codes has long been recognised. Membership of the Association is open to all sectors of the Industry and related organisations. For further information please contact: LP Gas Association Pavilion 16 Headlands Business Park Salisbury Road Ringwood Hampshire BH24 3BP Tek: 01425 461612 Fax: 01425 47131Code of Practice No. The LP Gas Association : Storage of Full and Empty LPG Cylinders and Cartridges Contents REQUIREMENTS AND REFERENCES | SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION, SCOPE, APPLICATION, LEGAL LL Introdui LLL Objective of this Code LL2. Definition of LPG 12 Scope 1.3 Application 13.1 Limitations 1.3.2 New and Existing Premises 1.4 Legal Requirements 1.4.1 Planning Requirements 1.4.2 Other Legal Requirements 1.5 References SECTION 2: STORAGE, 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Storage Conditions Covered in this Section 2.1.2 Pull and Empty Containers 2.2. General 2.2.1 Ventilation 2.2.2 Storage Area 2.2.3 Proximity to Electrical Power Cables 23 Safety and Security 23.1 Hazardous Places 23.2 Vehicle Parking 2.3.3 Prevention of Tampering and Vandalism, 234 Separation Distances 2.3.5. Use of Mechanical Handling Equipment within the Separation Distances 2.3.6. Electrical Installations within the Separation Distances 23.7. Protection of Vulnerable Populations 23.8 Proximity of Openings 2.3.9. Proximity of Explosive, Combustible and Other Materials 2.3.10 Markings and Notices 23.11 Clearance of Rubbish and Foliage 2.3.12 Outlet Valves 2.3.13 Handling and Inspection LPGA Code of Practice No.7 : 2004 RRR eR RUN ee we wo ww u ul B B 4 14 14 15 15 13 15Contents 24 Outdoor Storage 24.1 General 2.42 Safety and Security 243 Fire Walls 2.44 Storage of 400 kg or Less against a Wall or between two or three Walls in Cylinders of 20 kg or Less 24.5 Cylinder Stacking: Size and Height of Stacks and Distances between Stacks 2.4.6 Nominally Empty LPG Cylinder Storage at Filling Plant and Distribution Centres 24.7 Storage of Cylinders on Vehicles or Trailers 25 Rooftop Storage 2.5.1 General 2.5.2 Rooftop Storage Conditions 2.5.3 Storage Cage 254 Access 2.6 Indoor storage 2.6.1 General 2.6.2 Container Storage in Specially Designed Buildings 2.6.3 Cartridges: Separate Storage 2.6.4 Container Storage in a Specially Designed Storage Room thin a Building 2.6.5 Storage in Cabinets and Cupboards SECTION 3: DISPLAY AND KEEPING FOR USE, 3. Retail Premises 3.L1 General 3.1.2 Cylinders and Cartridges for Display 3.1.3. Cylinders and Cartridges for Demonstration 3.1.4 Welding Kits for Display 3.1.5 LPG Used for Heating or Lighting the Premises 3.1.6 Retail Premises Occupied together with or under Residential Accommodation 3.2 Domestic Premises 3.3 Other Premises SECTION 4: FIRE PRECAUTIONS 4.1 General 4.2. Portable Fire-fighting Equipment 42.1 Equipment for General Use 4.2.2 Equipment for LPG Fires 16 16 7 a 2 26 oy 28 28 28 28 29. 29 29 30 31 32 34 37 38 38 38 38 39) 40 40 41 4 43 44 44 44 i LPGA Code of Practice No.7: 20044.3 Water Supplies and Other Fire-fighting Equipment 43.1 Water Sources 4.3.2 Use of Water Sprays 4.3.3 Protection of Vehicles 4.4 Fire Brigade Access 45 Fire Instruction and Trai ig SECTION 5: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES, 5.1 General 5.1.1 Requirement for Emergency Procedures 5.1.2 Aim of Emergency Procedures 5.2 Action in the Event of a Leaking Container 5.3 Procedure in Case of Fire 5.3.1 Discovery of Fire 5.3.2 Extinguishing the Flame 5.3.3 Evacuation 5.3.4 Movement of LPG Containers 5.3.5 Drawing up and Communication of Emergency Procedures and Plans 5.3.6 Unattended Premises SECTION 6: TRAINING 6.1 Training Requirements 6.2 Initial and Ongoing Training Contents LPGA Code of Practice No.7 : 2004 45 45 46 46 46 46 47 48, 48 48 48 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 51 51 52Contents Appendices Appendix A: Safe Handling and Properties of LPG Appendix B: Container Construction and Fittings Appendix ‘ation fazardous Places and Area Cla: Appendix D: Guidance on Electrical Requirements Appendix E: Land Use Planning Controls Appendix F: Legal Requirements : Del Appendix jons Appendix IH: References and Bibliography Appendix I: Publi s Issued by the LP Gas Association List of Illustrations Figure 1: Typical Cylinder Cage 53 87 59 61 63 6s o n 1 18 Figure 2: Typical Outdoor LPG Cylinder Store (within a site to which access to LPG is not otherwise controlled) Figure 3: Typical Compound for Storing LPG Cylinders Figure 4: Storage for 400 kg or Less against a Boundary Wall Figure 5: Storage for 400 kg or Less against a Bui Figure 6: Storage for 400 kg or Less in a Corner Figure 7: Storage for 400 kg or less between two Wing Walls Figure 8: Indoor Storage in a Specially Constructed Building Figure 9: Indoor Storage 19 20 2 24 24 25 30 32 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No.7: 2004Section 1: Introduction, Scope, Application, Legal Requirements and References Contents | This section of the Code of Practice covers the following topics: Topic Page 1.1 Introduction Lt Objective of this Code 112 Definition of LPG 1,2. Scope 13. Application 13.1 Limitations 13.2 New and Existing Premises 1.4 Legal Requirements 1.4.1 Planning Requirements 14.2 Other Legal Requirements alfa a ale wluleltre os 1.5 References LPGA Code of Practice Paget No. 7: 2004Section 1: introduction, Scope, Application, Legal Requirements and References 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Objective of this Code This Code of Practice has been produced in full consultation with the Health and Safety Executive. It supersedes the 1998 edition of Code of Practice 7. This Code of Practice provides guidance for parties involved in the storage of LPG cylinders and cartridges and on how the general duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act) may be met when applied to the keeping of LPG. It provides a guide to safe practice both for people storing and handling LPG containers and for those given the task of enforcing safety requirements. - Other relevant Codes and Standards are listed in Appendices H and I. & This Code of Practice adopts the recommendations of BSI, CEN and ISO for the presentation of numeric values. The thousand separator is therefore a space (€.g. ‘one million is represented as 1 000 000) and the decimal separator is a comma (e.g. one point five is represented as 1,5). 1.1.2 Definition of LPG In this Code of Practice the term LPG means commercial butane and commercial propane in accordance with BS 4250 and mixtures thereof. LPG forms flammable mixtures with air in concentrations of between approximately 2% and 10%. It can, therefore, be a fire or explosion hazard if stored or used incorrectly, LPG in cylinders is used for many purposes: commercial, domestic, industrial and leisure. About 17 to 18 million cylinders are owned by LPG companies in the UK. Approximately ten million of these are used to provide refills for consumers. In addition there are in excess of three million small cylinders (< 4,5 kg capacity) owned by private users for leisure activities. > — Guidance on the properties and safe handling of LPG is given in Appendix A. > Definitions of other terms are given in Appendix G. 1.2 Scope ‘This Code of Practice recommends minimum safety standards for the storage of full and nominally empty LPG cylinders and cartridges at depots, stockists, retailers, service station forecourts and all other premises at which they are normally stored. It also gives guidance on the action to be taken in the event of an emergency. This Code of Practice applies where the total quantity of LPG kept in containers exceeds 15 kg. The principles may also be applied to smaller quantities. It also applies to containers on loaded vehicles at LPG stores, retail outlets, etc. Specific advice is given on the storage and display of LPG at retail premises where quantities of less than 400 kg of LPG, in containers having individual capacities of not more than 20 kg, are kept. Page 2 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004Section 1: Introduction, Scope, Application, Legal Requirements and References > — Guidance on keeping LPG cylinders for use in domestic premises may be found in LPGA Code of Practice No, 24 parts | and 2. > — Guidance on keeping LPG cylinders for use in commercial premises may be found in LPGA Code of Practice No. 24 part 6. > — Guidance on keeping LPG cylinders for use at building sites may be found in LPGA Code of Practice No, 24 part 5. > — Further guidance on fire safety on building sites may be found in Health and Safety Executive Guidance Note HS[G]|68 and the “Joint Code of Practice on the protection from fire of construction sites and buildings undergoing renovation” published by the Building Employers Confederation, Loss Prevention Council and the National Contractors Group. ‘This Code of Practice does not deal with the following: (a) Transport of LPG containers by road including occasions when the vebicle is parked for short periods such as meal breaks (see LPGA Code of Practice 27); (b) Storage of aerosol products which use LPG as a propellant (see Guidance issued by the British Aerosol Manufacturers Association “BAMA Guide to Retail Storage and Display of Aerosols” on their website at: http://www.bama.co.uk/pubssummary.htmi#Retail Storage); (c)__ Use of LPG from cylinders, including those fitted to vehicles for motive or other purposes (see LPGA Codes of Practice 11, 18, 24 and 30); (@) Filling of containers (other than the storage of nominally empty cylinders before filling, and filled cylinders after filling) (see Code of Practice 12). 1.3. Application 1.3.1 Limitations ‘The use of this Code of Practice is not limited to premises subject to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. The recommendations are intended to minimise: * The risk of fire or explosion due to LPG escaping from a container; * The effects of a fire at or near a store, The information in this guidance gives one way of achieving a minimum standard of safety. Each case should be considered on its merits, and special circumstances may necessitate variations from the recommendations. The guidance given is not intended to preclude the use of altemative designs, materials and methods where these provide equivalent safety standards. The guidance is given without prejudice to the general requirements under the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 that risks should be reduced to as low as is reasonably practicable. UPGA Code of Practice Page 3 No. 7: 2004| | Section 1: Introduction, Scope, Application, Legal Requirements and References 1.3.2 New and Existing Premises It is not intended that these recommendations be applied rigidly to existing premises, where for a variety of reasons it may not be reasonably practicable to comply with them. However, such alterations as are reasonably practicable should be made. New instaliations and modifications to existing installations should comply with the advice in this puidance from the date of publication 1.4 Legal Requirements 1.4.1 Planning Requirements The development of land is subject to controls which require that planning consent is obtained prior to the commencement of development. > Appendix E gives further details of planning controls. 1.4.2 Other Legal Requirements The storage of LPG may be subject to legal requirements additional to the general duties in the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (1974), > Appendix F gives further details of legal requirements. 1.5 References This Code of Practice incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed in Appendix H. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of their publications apply to this Code of Practice only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. Page 4 TPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Contents This section of the Code of Practice covers the following topics: Topic Page 2.1 Introduction 8 21.1 Storage Conditions Covered in this Section 8 2.1.2 Full and Empty Containers 8 22° General 8 221 Ventilation 8 2.22 Storage Area 8 2.23 Proximity to Electrical Power Cables 9 2.3 Safety and Security 9 23.1 Hazardous Places 9 23.2 Access and Vehicle Parking 10 2.3.3 Prevention of Tampering and Vandalism un 234 Separation Distances i Tables la and 1b: Minimum Separation Distances 12 for Total LPG Storage, or Size of Largest Stack 23.5 Use of Mechanical Handling Equipment 13 within the Separation Distances 23.6 Electrical Installation within the Separation. 13 Distances 2.3.7 Protection of Vulnerable Populations 4 23.8 Proximity of Openings 14 23.9 Proximity of Explosive, Combustible and 4 Other Materials 23.10 Marking and Notices 15 23.11 Clearance of Rubbish and Foliage 5 23.12 Outlet Valves 15 23.13 Handling and Inspection Is Continued on next page LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004 Page 6Section 2: Storage Topic Page 24 Outdoor Storage 16 24.1 General 16 242 Safety and Security 17 Figure 1: Typical Cylinder Cage 18 Figure 2: Typical Outdoor LPG Cylinder Store 19 Figure 3: Typical Compound for Storing LPG Cylinders 20 243 Fire Walls 21 244 — Storage of 400 kg or Less against a Wall or 22 between two or three Walls in Cylinders of 20 kg or Less Figure 4: Storage for 400 kg or Less against a Boundary 2 Wall Figure 5: Storage for 400 kg or Less against a Building 24 Figure 6: Storage for 400 kg or Less in a Comer 24 Figure 7: Storage for 400 kg or Less between two Wing 28 Walls 245 Cylinder Stacking: Size and Height of Stacks 25 and Distances between Stacks Table 2: Quantity of LPG in Vertical Columns of 26 Stacks 2.4.6 Nominally Empty LPG Cylinder Storage at 26 Filling Plant and Distribution Centres 24.7 Storage of Cylinders on Vehicles or Trailers 27 2.5 Rooftop Storage 28 25.1 General 28 2.5.2 Rooftop Storage Conditions 28 Table 3: Separation Distances for Rooftop Storage 28 253 Storage Cage 28 254 Access 29 Continued on next page Page 6 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Topic Page 2.6.1 Table 4: 2.6.2 Figure 8: 263 2.64 Figure 9: 2.6.5 2.6 Indoor storage General Storage in a Building Container Storage in Specially Designed Buildings Indoor Storage in a Specially Constructed Building Cartridges: Separate Storage Container Storage in a Specially Designed Storage Room within a Building Indoor Storage Storage in Cabinets and Cupboards 29 29 29 30 30 31 32 32 34 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004 Page 7Section 2: Storage 24 21.1 used. The general req Introduction ‘Storage Conditions Covered in this Section In view of the potential fire hazards associated with LPG, containers should be stored in an area which is properly constructed, adequately controlled and well ventilated. This should be outdoors but, where this is not reasonably practicable, indoor storage may be ments are given in 2.2 and 2.3 below. This section also includes more detailed advice for: @ () (o) Outdoor storage (see 2.4); Rooftop storage (see 2.5); Storage in specially designed buildings (see 2.6.2); (4) Storage in a specially designed storage area within a building (see 2.6.4); ©) 2.1.2 Storage in cabinets and cupboards (see 2.6.5). Full and Empty Containers A container that has held LPG though nominally empty will still contain LPG vapour. If the alve is left open, air will diffuse into the container and may form a dangerous mixture. Consequently an LPG container should always be considered full unless: (a) (b) © @ Itis stored at a filling plant or distribution centre in accordance with 2.4.6; It is a new container that has never been filled; Ithas been gas freed and suitably marked; It is a dummy container used only for display purposes. 2.2 General 221 22.14 2.2.1.2 2.2.2 2.2.2.1 22.2.2 Ventilation LPG containers should be stored in a well-ventilated area and wherever reasonably practicable in the open air. Materials stacked near LPG containers should not obstruct or restrict the ventilation of the storage area. (See also 2.3.8). Storage Area LPG should not be kept, stored or displayed below ground level (e.g. in cellars, basements or pits). (See also 2.3.6). Cartridges should be stored in a dry, well ventilated area. > Supplier's advice on any restrictions on shelf life should be observed. Page 8 [PGA Code of Practice ‘No, 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 2223 2.2.2.5 2.2.2.6 2.2.3 22.31 The means of escape from the premises themselves or from adjacent premises should not be prejudiced by LPG containers or storage areas. At workplaces, including outdoor locations, means of escape and other matters related to the availability and use of these are covered by specific legislation (see Appendix F). Areas where containers are to be stored should be level and concreted, paved or compacted to provide a load bearing surface. Outdoor storage areas should be slightly graded for drainage of surface water. Suitable hard standing should be provided for the reception and despatch of cylinders. Any loading or unloading platform, should be predominantly constructed from non-combustible materials [N.B. whilst not non-combustible as defined, railway sleepers or similar products are acceptable for loading or unloading platforms} (see also 2.4.2.4). Proximity to Electrical Power Cables LPG containers should not be located directly beneath electrical power cables. For cables operating at a voltage of less than 1,0 kV the vessels should be sited at least 1,5 m from a line drawn vertically downwards from the power cables. > Such power cables include telephone cables. For cables operating at a voltage of 1,0kV or greater, the distance should be increased to 10m. ‘The above distances may need to be increased where the presence of the overhead line could constitute a danger to users of the facility or loading vehicles and personnel. > — Further advice and information on distances from overhead lines may be obtained from the electricity line owner or from BSEN 50110 Part 1 > Attention is also drawn to HSE Guidance Note GS6. 2.3 Safety and Security 23.1 Hazardous Places The requirements of the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations (DSEAR) apply to LPG storage installations and their surroundings. Hazardous places are defined as places in which an explosive atmosphere may occur in such quantities as to require special precautions to protect the health and safety of the workers concerned. > Hazardous places are classified into zones on the basis of the frequency and duration of the occurrence of an explosive atmosphere. Further information is given in Appendix C. TPGA Code of Practice Page d No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage In outdoor or rooftop LPG storage areas, designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with LPGA Codes of Practice, any LPG releases should be small and controlled. ‘The probability of ignition of the releases is low provided that appropriate precautions are taken. These include posting and observance of appropriate warning, notices (2.3.10), control of access and sources of ignition (2.3.1, 2.3.2). Consequently LPG cylinder storage areas are not hazardous places in the sense of the Regulations and the “Ex” sign described in DSEAR need not be displayed. For indoor storage areas the situation is complex and a specific, documented risk assessment in accordance with DSEAR must he carried out both of the storage areas and of areas adjacent to ventilation openings. This may result in Zone 2 hazardous places being specified. In such places apparatus, which may act as a source of ignition (c.g, electrical equipment), must be tested, approved and certified in accordance with the Equipment and Protective Systems for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 1996. Within such stores: * Fixed sources of ignition (‘e. pilot lights, naked flames) should be prohibited; ‘* Smoking should be prohibited; All other potential sources of ignition should be controlled; © Only vehicles be permitted; ciated with the product transfer and handling operations should * Only equipment suitable for use in zoned areas and constructed to a recognised standard (e.g. BSEN 50014) should be installed; > Older equipment built to earlier standards (e.g. BS 5501 series) remains acceptable provided it is correctly maintained and a risk assessment shows that it is still suitable, © Electrical equipment should be suitable for the zoned area in which it is installed; * Any portable electrical equipment or generators used temporarily within hazardous places should be in accordance with the recommendations of BSEN 60079 and should meet the requirements of the Equipment and Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 1996 for the zone in which it is to be used or otherwise be covered by a permit to work scheme. > Older equipment built to earlier standards (e.g. BS 5501 series) remains acceptable provided it is correctly maintained and a risk assessment shows that it is still suitable. 2.3.2 Access and Vehicle Parking 2.3.2.1 The storage area should not be accessible to the general public or other unauthorised persons. Page 10 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 23.2.2 Strict control should be exercised on the access of vehicles and mechanical handling equipment into the storage area. Only vehicles associated with transfer and handling operations should be allowed in storage areas. Transport vehicles should have their engines and auxiliary electrical equipment (radio’s ete) turned off when containers are being loaded or unloaded. Such vehicles should be removed when loading or unloading is completed. Other vebicles under the occupiers control may be parked within the separation distance but should be no closer than 3m to the nearest container. Suitable barricrs should be used to prevent unauthorised access and accidental damage where necessary. 2.3.3 Prevention of Tampering and Vandalism Measures to prevent tampering and vandalism should be taken. The security of the premises and the surrounding area should be considered in establishing such measures. Fencing should not obstruct ventilation (see 2.4.2.1) and be of a robust industrial type wire mesh or equivalent, 2.3.4 Separation Distances The storage area should be no closer than the minimum separation distance from the property boundary, any building or fixed sources of ignition. ‘The separation distances for a given quantity of LPG are shown in Tables 1a and 1b, The separation distance adopted should be the larger of the two distances (e.g, storage of 12 000 kg in four 3 000 kg stacks requires a separation distance of 7 m (Table 1a), in two 6 000 kg stacks a separation distance of 8 m is required (Table 1b), storage in one stack of 2 000 kg and a trailer of 10 000 kg a separation distance of 10 m is required (Table 1b).) These distances should minimise the hazards from incidents at or near the store, Separation distances should only be reduced by the use of a fire wall (see 2.4.3.1) or other appropriate physical barrier of fire resisting construction Within the separation distance: ‘+ fixed sources of ignition (i.e. pilot lights, naked flames) should be prohibited; + smoking should be prohibited; © only vehicles under the occupier’s control should be permitted to park (see 2.3.2); ‘* all other potential sources of ignition should be controlled. LPGA Code of Practice Page 17 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Whi Tables 1a and 1b: Minimum Separation Distances rever table results in the greater distance should be used (See 2.3.4) Table 1a: Minimum Separation Distances for Total LPG Storage Minimum separation distance to Minimum separation NEAREST CONTAINER (wher | 1617 here proved (@), (b) (1) Kilograms (2) Metres 3) Metres From, 15 | To 400 1),@) Nil ‘Above 400 | To F000 3 1 Above} 1000 | Te 4.000 4 1 Above | 4000. | To 6.000 5 15 Above} 6000 |T°| 12.000 6 2 Above | 12000 |T° | 20.000 7 25 Above | 20000 | T°} 30.000 8 3 Above | 30000 |To | 50000 9 35 Above | 50000 | To] 60000 10 4 Above | 60.000 | T° |. 100 000 n 45 Above | 100000 |T° | 150.000 12 5 Above | 150000 | To} 250.000 1 6 Above } 250.000 20 1 Page 12 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Table Ib: Minimum Separation Distances for Size of Largest Stack Minimum separation distance to | Minimum separation distance to boundary, building or fixed ignition | boundary, building or fixed Size of Largest Stack source FROM NEAREST ignition source FROM FIRE CONTAINER (where no fire wall is. | WALL where provided - (a), (b) provided) (1) Kilograms (2) Metres (3) Metres Upto 400 1@),@) Nil Upto 1000 3 1 Upto 3.000 s 15 Upto 5.000 7 25 Upto 7000 8 3 Upto 9.000 9 35 Upto 10.000 10 4 Upto 20.000 2 Upto 30.000 Is 6 (a) The distance from the nearest container to a boundary, building, etc, should be not Jess than the distance given in Column (3) when measured around the fire wall. (b) Minimum distance from the nearest container to a fire wall should be 1,5 m except as qualified in 2.4.4.4 and 2.4.4.6 for quantities up to 400 kg, providing such walls and buildings are under the control of the person storing the LPG. (©) No separation distance is required for these quantities where boundary walls and buildings are of suitable construction (see 2.4.4.1 t0 2.4.43). (@)— Seealso 2.3.8, 2.3.5 Use of Mechanical Handling Equipment within the Separation Distances To guard against the possibility of accidents when using mechanical handling ‘equipment additional precautions such as design of pallets, design of forks, layout of stacks and operator training need to be taken when using non-explosion protected vehicles. Non-explosion protected mechanical handling equipment should be removed from storage areas when activity is completed. 2.3.6 Electrical Installations within the Separation Distances Unless a specific, documented, risk assessment has demonstrated the risk to be insignificant, only explosion protected electrical equipment (c.g. meeting the requirements of Equipment Group II, Category 3, “G” of the Equipment and Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 1996) should be permanently installed within stacks or the separation distance given in Tables 1a and 1b and to a height of 1,5 m above the stack, LPGA Code of Practice Page 13 ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 2.3.7 Older equipment built to one of the standards in the BS 5501 series remains acceptable provided it is correctly maintained. > Guidance on electrical requirements is given in Appendix D. Any portable electrical equipment used temporarily within separation distances should be disconnected and removed as soon as work is finished. Protection of Vulnerable Populations Where quantities of LPG over 400 kg are stored, a minimum separation distance of 8 m or that given in Tables 1a and 1b, Column (2), whichever is the greater, should be provided between a storage area and any building that houses a vulnerable population. This distance may be reduced to those given in Tables 1a and 1b, Column (3) where a physical barrier of fire resisting construction or a fire wall is provided, for example, where the wall of the building facing the store is imperforate and is of not less than 60 minutes fire resisting construction or, for a single storey building, where it is protected bya fire wall 23.8 Proximity of Openings There should be no opening into buildings, cellars or pits within 2 m of an LPG storage area or the separation distance given in Tables La and 1b whichever is the greater. If a gully or drain is unavoidably within 2m, the opening should be securely covered or fitted with a suitable water seal to prevent the entry of vapour, 2.3.9 Proximity of Explosive, Combustible and Other Materials 2.3.9.1 2.3.9.2 LPG containers should be Kept separate from flammable liquids, combustible, oxidising, corrosive, toxic or explosive materials or compressed gas cylinders. Where the quantity of LPG exceeds 50 kg stored LPG containers should be separated from such materials by either the separation distance (see 2.4.1.3) or a fire wall. LPG may be stored with acetylene cylinders in specially designed buildings (see 2.6.2). > — Guidance on the storage of flammable liquids in containers may be found in HSE Guidance Note HS[G]51 > — Where it is proposed to store chlorine or other toxic compressed gases on the same site, advice should be sought from the enforcing authority. Boxed kits comprising LPG and oxygen for welding and brazing may be stored provided that each kit contains only one cylinder of oxygen having a capacity of not more than 50 g or only one container holding not more than $00 g of oxygen making pellets. Spare oxygen cylinders of these sizes may be stored in the same area if they are stored in separate sections of racking or in separate stacks. Page 14 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Where the total quantity of LPG to be stored in kits exceeds 5 000 kg specialist advice should be sought. Welding kits which include oxygen cylinders having a capacity of more than 50 g should have such cylinders detached and, together with any spare oxygen containers, stored separately from the LPG. 2.3.10 Markings and Notices LPG storage area should be clearly marked. A suitable notice or notices should be displayed prominently to indicate: (a) LPGis stored in the area; (b) That the contents are highly flammable; (©) That smoking or other sources of ignition are prohibited; (@) What to do in case of fire. > Safety signs should conform to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996. Guidance on these is given in leaflet IND(G) 184L “Signpost to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996; and L64 “Safety Signs and Signals: The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996: Guidance on Regulations” 23.11 Clearance of Rubbish and Foliage There should be no build up of rubbish, dry leaves, small bushes or other materials which might easily catch fire within the separation distance given in Tables 1a and Ib, Long grass and weeds should be removed from within the separation distance and up to 3 m from the cylinders. Chemicals such as sodium chlorate and other oxidising agents which may cause a risk of fire should not be used as weed killer. Where reasonably practicable, packaging other than immediate cartridge or pallet wrappings should be removed. 2.3.12 Outlet Valves 2.3.12.1 LPG cylinder outlet valves should be kept closed when the cylinder is in store or not in use. If the cylinder needs to have a protective cover or needs to be fitted with a secondary valve cap or valve plug this should be fitted while the cylinder is being handled or stored, 2.3.12.2 LPG containers should be stored or displayed with their valves on top. Cartridges without valves may be stored or displayed on their sides. 2.3.13 Handling and Inspection 2.3.13. When handling and stacking containers care should be taken to avoid injury to people and damage to containers. 2.3.13.2 Containers should be checked for signs of damage or leakage when they are received into store, or taken out for delivery. LPGA Code of Practice Page 15 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Stacks should be inspected to ensure that they are stable and contain no leaking or damaged containers. Any damaged or leaking containers should be removed from the stack, appropriately marked and placed in a well ventilated location in the open air for attention or return to the suppler (see also 5.2). 2.4 Outdoor Storage 241 240.1 2412 24.13 24.14 General The site chosen for storing LPG containers should be well ventilated to allow dispersal of gas from any small leaks. Tall buildings and high walls may adversely affect natural ventilation. In general not more than 50% of the perimeter of the storage area should be obstructed, The obstructions should not be on adjacent sides (see 2.4.3). For small stores, containing less than 400 kg of LPG at least 25 % of the perimeter should be substantially unobstructed (see 2.4.4). > Figures 1 and 2 show many of the features of outdoor storage. ‘The storage area should be situated in accordance with Tables 1a and 1b. ‘The minimum separation distances between a store and any of the following should be calculated on the basis of whichever is the greater of the total amount of LPG stored or the size of the maximum stack in the storage area: (a) Opening into buildings; (6) Combustible structures; (©) Boundaries; (4) Places to which the public have access; (©) _ Fixed sources of ignition. Not more than 50 kg of LPG in cylinders, with pressure relief valves which vent horizontally, should be stored or kept within 7,5 m of a liquid oxygen installation, a bulk LPG vessel of more than 5 000 litres capacity or a cylinder filling building at filling plants. Not more than 50 kg of LPG in cylinders, with pressure relief vaives which vent horizontally, should be stored or kept within 3 m of any of the following: (a) A vessel containing flammable liquid; (6) A bunded area around a vessel containing a highly flammable liquid; (©) Vent pipes or dispensers for flammable liquids; (4) Compressed gas cylinders including acetylene; (©) A bulk LPG vessel of 5 000 litres capacity or less; (0) Explosive or combustible materials (see 2.3.9). Not more than SO kg of LPG in cylinders, with pressure relief valves which vent vertically, should be stored or kept within 7,5 m of a liquid oxygen installation, or a cylinder filling building at filling plants. Page 16 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Not more than 50 kg of LPG in cylinders, with pressure relief valves which vent | vertically, should be stored or kept within 3 m of any of the following: | (@) A vessel containing flammable liquid; (b) A bunded area around a vessel containing a highly flammable liquid; (©) Vent pipes or dispensers for flammable liquids; (@ Compressed gas cylinders including acetylene; © Explosive or combustible materials (see 2.3.9), Not more than 300 kg of LPG in cylinders, which have vertically venting relief valves, should be stored or kept within | m of a bulk LPG vessel. 24.1.5 Not more than 300 kg of LPG in cylinders for vapour pressure augmentation purposes should be stored or kept within | m of a bulk LPG vessel. The pressure relief valves should be directed away from the vessel, or a fire wall should be built between the cylinders and vessel. 24.1.6 Where a dangerous liquid or dense vapour such as liquid oxygen, LPG or corrosive liquids could flow towards cylinders in the event of a leak, the ground should be graded, or diversion or bund walls provided. 24.2 Safety and Security 242.1 Unless otherwise protected (i.e. the area comes within a larger fenced area or contains 400 kg or less of LPG where 2.4.2.2 may be applied) every LPG storage area should be surrounded by a substantial fence at least 1,8 m high to discourage trespassing or tampering. Containers should not be placed within the separation distance given in Tables 1a and Ib unless: (a) It is not a boundary fence in which case containers should not be placed within 1,5 m of the fence; (b) The store contains not more than 400 kg of LPG in which case 2.4.4.1 applies; (c) The store is at an LPG filling plant or distribution centre and contains nominally empty cylinders in which case 2.4.6 applies. If additional security measures against vandalism are required these should not interfere with the ventilation of the store. A lockable compound of robust industrial type wire mesh, e.g. 12 gauge x 52 mm x 52mm, welded panels or 12 gauge chain link fencing is appropriate in many situations (sce Figures { and 2). Compounds should have two or more exits to provide alternative means of exit, situated to minimise the distance to be travelled to escape from a dead end, If, however, the escape travel distance from any part of the store to the exit is less than 12m measured around the containers a single exit is permitted. Gates should open outwards and be easily and immediately openable LPGA Code of Practice Page 17 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage: 2.4.2.2 from inside. They should not be self-locking, and should provide unobstructed means of escape. For retail and temporary storage, e.g. petrol station forecourts, it may not be reasonably practicable to provide a storage compound (see 2.4.2.1) or a specially designed building (see 2.6.2.1 to 2.6.2.9). Where 400 kg or less of LPG is stored, cylinders may be kept in a small lockable wire cage in a safe place in the open air in such cases. A small mesh size should be selected to prevent any unauthorised tampering with the valves of cylinders from outside the cage if the 1,5 m separation distance is not provided. The minimum separation distance should be maintained from the cage toa boundary, building, source of ignition etc. Figure 1 : Typical Cylinder Cage Page 18 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage H 1.0m i) Separation ones ene trey gat Shan sete Nora omy ae i i i 3 2g : : i : Figure 2: Typical Outdoor LPG Cylinder Store (within a site to which access to LPG is not otherwise controlled) ‘TPGA Code of Practice Page 19 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage sshgitie oes Figure 3: Typical Compound for Storing LPG Cylinders Page 20 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 20¢24.24 Section 2: Storage Provided that the distance from any cylinder in one storage area to any cylinder in an adjacent storage area is greater than the sum of the minimum separation distances appropriate to each area in accordance with Tables 1a and Ib, the total quantity of LPG stored in individual storage areas within a single site may be considered separately. Where a weather protection canopy is provided over the storage area it should be constructed of non-combustible, lightweight friable material that will break up quickly in a fire. The supporting structure should be of at least 30 minutes fire resisting construction with respect to stability. There should be adequate space between the top of any stack and the underside of the canopy so that cooling water can be applied to the cylinders in the event of fire Where the storage area covered by a canopy exceeds 10 m x 10 m, fixed monitors or a sprinkler system designed to discharge water to cover the floor of the storage area at the rate of 12,5 litres / m? / minute should be provided. 24.3 Fire Walls 243.1 243.2 Fire walls permit the separation distances to be reduced to those shown in Column (3) of Tables 1a and 1b. ‘The total length of wall should be restricted so as to meet the ventilation requirements in 2.4.1.1. Except in a small store where 400 kg or less is stored (see 2.4.4.1 to 2.4.4.6) containers should not be stacked against a wall. In other situations a gap of at least | m should be provided between the stack and the wall to allow access, Fire walls should be imperforate and substantially constructed ftom brick, concrete or solid masonry and be capable if tested in accordance with BS 47 Part 20 and the relevant criteria of BS 476: Parts 21 and 22 (formerly BS 476: Part 8); or BSEN 1363 in conjunction with the relevant parts of BSEN 1364 and BSEN 1365.of achieving 30 minutes fire resistance. [NB. If the wall forms part of residential accommodation the requirement is for 60 minutes fire resistance (see 2.4.4.2)]. They should be at least as high as the highest stack stored, but should not be less than 2 m high. They should be of suci a length that the distance from any container to a boundary, building not of fire resistant construction, building ‘opening or a fixed ignition source measured round the end of the wall is not less, than the separation distance given in Column (2) of Tables 1a and Ib. Where relevant the separation distance detailed in 2.4.1.3 should be similarly realised. > Note: Barriers constructed of other materials, e.g. earth banking, may be equally effective for this duty. Stores containing more than 400 kg should have no more than 2 fire walls and the remaining two sides should be so constructed that natural ventilation is not impaired. If the store contains 400 kg or less, 3 fire walls may be provided. Where fire walls are provided and there is only one access route to the storage area, one of the fire walls should protect the access route. ‘TPGA Code of Practice Page 24 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 2.4.4 Storage of 400 kg or Less against a Wail or between two or three Walls in Cylinders of 20 kg or Less 2.4.4.1 Where necessary LPG may be stored next to a boundary wall with the wall owners consent, provided that the wall is: (2) At least 2 m high; (b) At least 30 minutes fire resisting construction; (©) Imperforate for a distance of | m on either side of the storage area; And the LPG is: (d) At least 2 m from any building opening; (@) Atleast 3 m from other flammable materials. The height of the stack should not exceed the height of the wall. Figure 4: Storage for 400 kg or Less against a Boundary Wall Page 22 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 200424.4.2 24.43 2444 24.4.5 24.4.6 Section 2: Storage If LPG is stored against a building wall the area up to 2 m either side of the storage area and up to 9 m above ground should be imperforate and of 30 minutes fire resisting construction. Any overhanging roof should also be of 30 minutes fire resisting construction, If part of the building is used for residential accommodation the fire resistance should be increased to 60 minutes. There should be no overhanging eaves or similar projections constructed of combustible materials above any stored cylinder. No extemal stairway or fire escape should be positioned above stored cylinders or allowed to terminate in the storage area, Passageways are generally unsuitable as storage areas, LPG may be stored in a comer between two walls, for example in a yard (see Figure 6). If the storage area has three walls, at least one should not exceed 3 m in height. LPG may be stored between two wing walls (see Figure 7). If the wing walls are less than 2 m high, they should be discounted for separation purposes and the area considered as if it were located against a single wall. If the wing walls are 2 m or more high, separation distances may be calculated by measuring along and around their perimeter (see Figure 7). To avoid impeding ventilation the wing wall should not extend outwards more than I m beyond the storage area LPGA Code of Practice Page 23 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage | Fie resisting \ Figure 6: Storage for 400 kg or Less in a Corner Page 24 LPGA Code of Practice ‘No. 7: 20042451 Section 2: Storage Figure 7: Storage for 400 kg or Less between two Wing Walls 2.4.5 Cylinder Stacking: Size and Height of Stacks and Distances between Stacks No stack should exceed 30 000 kg. The distance between palletised stacks should be not less than 1,5 m (except where access for handling equipment is required where the distance should be not Jess than 2,5 m); ‘The distance between unpalletised stacks should be not fess than 1.5 m; ‘The height of unpalletised stacks should not exceed 2,5 m. The quantity of LPG in any vertical column of a stack should not be greater than that shown in Table 2. ‘There should not be more than seven pallets in any vertical column of any stack. LPGA Code of Practice Page 25 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage Table 2 : Quantity of LPG in Vertical Columns of Stacks Quantity of LPG in any cylinder | Quantity of LPG in any vertical column kg) ig) Pailetised Non-palletised Upto6 35 30 From 6 to 15 15 4s From 15 to 20 80 50 From 20 t0 55 110 35 2.4.5.2 Cylinder stores should be laid out so as to allow easy access to all parts, Cylinders may be segregated by: * Size; ‘© Material of construction (steel or aluminum); * Content (Full or Empty, Propane or Butane) * Whether fitted with relief valves, The storage of nominally empty cylinders nearest to the site boundary and larger cylinders and those not fitted with relief valves furthest from the site boundary should increase the degree of protection for nearby properties. 2.4.6 Nominally Empty LPG Cylinder Storage at Filling Plant and Distribution Centres Refillable LPG cylinders should generally be considered full whatever their contents. ‘The most important reason for this is the difficulty in distinguishing between full and nominally empty cylinders and in keeping them apart. This is particularly the case at retail premises and other small stores. At filling plants and major distribution centres where 25 000 kg or more is stored in cylinders greater supervision is possible and nominally empty cylinders may be kept inside the separation distances indicated in Tables 1a and 1b providing the following are satisfied: (a) The storage area is in the open air; (b) The storage areas for full and nominally empty cylinders are clearly marked and supervised to ensure that only nominally empty eylinders are placed in areas which has been designated for them; (©) The storage area is not accessible to the general public, customers or other unauthorised persons; Page 26 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 24.7 247.1 24.72 247.3 2474 (@)A separation distance of at least 1m is maintained between nominally empty cylinders and boundaries, buildings or fixed ignition sources; (©) A separation distance of at least 2m is maintained between nominally empty cylinders and cylinders containing oxygen, bunds around vessels containing highly flammable liquids, combustible materials or toxic materials; (© A separation distance of at least 3 m is maintained between nominally empty cylinders and full cylinders in an adjacent full cylinder storage area, Storage of Cylinders on Vehicles or Trailers Except for the carriage of LPG cylinders in closed vans under the conditions laid down in LPGA Code of Practice No. 27, no cylinder of LPG should be stored in an enclosed vehicle other than a cylinder which is specifically to keep fuel for the motive power of the vehicle or is connected to an appliance for use. Such cylinders should not be classed as storage. Loaded cylinder trailers and flat bed vehicles, scheduled for delivery, may be parked in a distribution depot. They may be parked alongside LPG road tankers with the minimum of distance required for ease of access. They are not considered as constituting part of the storage, but are deemed to be in transit ‘The separation distances ftom buildings, boundaries and sources of ignition should be calculated on the basis of whichever is the greater of: The total quantity of LPG in cylinders on site (see Table 1a, Column 1); Or the size of the largest stack, the trailer load being considered as a stack. (See Table 1b, Column 1) Such vehicles should be immobilised by the removal of the ignition key. If there is a requirement to store a loaded trailer or flat bed vehicle with no immediate plans for movement, this should be regarded as storage, and such 8 or vehicles should be in the open air, located at such separation distances as are specified in Tables 1a and Ib. Apart from the fuel in the tank and tyres on the wheels of any vehicle and any planking on the flat bed, no other combustible material may be permitted within the specified separation distances. LPGA Code of Practice Page 27 No. 7: 2004Section 2: Storage 2.5 Rooftop Storage 25.1 General Providing that the total quantity does not exceed 400 kg and the conditions given in 2.5.2 0 2.5.4 are met, LPG cylinders may be stored in the open air on a roof. 2.5.2 Rooftop Storage Conditions 2.5.2.1 The storage area should be situated in accordance with Table 3. Any openings into chimneys or air intakes should be at least | m above the level of the tops of any stacked containers. 25.2.2 Other materials should not be stored on the section of roof used for LPG storage. 2.5.2.3 The section of the roof on which containers are stored should be substantially level, structurally adequate to carry the weight, predominantly constructed from ‘non-combustible materials and provide 60 minutes fire resistance. 2.5.2.4 The roof should be well ventilated and should not be enclosed on more than two sides by other higher parts of the building or adjacent buildings. Table 3: Separation Distances for Rooftop Storage Feature Horicontal separation distance Ghlinders Cartridges Boundaries, openings into buildings, 3m Im edges of the roof, drains, vents and sources of ignition Mechanical ventilation system Sm Im intakes, outlets from chimneys, flues ete. 25.3 Storage Cage 25.3.1 2.5.3.2 To prevent their being dislodged in high winds and to discourage vandals containers should be enclosed in a strongly built metal cage. The store should be clearly marked (see 2.3.10). ‘The cage may be placed at the edge of the roof against a wall or parapet. The wall should be at least the height of the stacked cylinders and the ventilation of the storage area should not be impaired. Page 28 LPGA Code of Practice No. 7: 2004