Wut }* Ana Loe - wMource Coporne 24lr]23.. Ayala g 2Ousnce eoling Magecal Zowne coding POM = Pulse. code Modulation Hepimann cool i Le y DM— — Petka, Modulation Zz ine ADM— Adopstriie Pett Modulation DPcM Need 0), SOUNe ty — ods 2, , RUE coding ngth c ADPeM Bo Bo bt tb fixed &: Pom and OM. — ° Vovuctle Largth Coding fg» fron cerry : naa Used 29 POF Filey | 8 moved sour addil 1. inoue! ia strengty “psignal dnpounation sommee [chant | __ ees Souice encodar Eneodor | ed ; Chigh oxtwpunt) [lew antoun€) oe ; ; Channel - Troimutren Block tuagrom - ar canbatsing symbol} Sec, > sy Blo diag? retke <> Mo cht alg Probe bite by 04° o> Syn no aur fs Capotsr fre we Ono wuts | tommunt eae trans boutn> no. Oh bet | Samp Quantization teval = ;% Detta Modutalron | hit [sample : ton [hit quantize, iy ysed Hn Pettas Modulate © Trankmiseon Bandmudth in PCM * Lore Fl Siqnating rote OR No. oy biti [seo No: & q bits pew Some X No. compe [Sec | [= a tere ge i 2 X Sompuing theorem ¢- o continuend aime Cigna coun oe suopyude Tach 1 281 Sample ano CON be wecorentd back, when Sounp Ling frepuney fr- iy greater than or ae aes hughes frequency pees F menage Sgrol ve ; fe2 2fm tgnal x(t) Sqnal all) can be obtained ap vost liying krain S(t) of pextod Ts Output Sy mudspurr Surplid signal .yl) = a 3 Ct) Ob [ ders Pag csc end = ‘OANU. b Is nay S Is 5 zi) 1 uC) 4g s (con T. \% “ eas alll < Ney AR 2 ‘ ys 7 [xo + Dead ut alt) + 2 cos ube x(t) +. -- ‘) Using fornien Tanefooun u(0) am oe Z Miwon) We 6,51, £2) AE Le aes s 9 iy : ae ena? Son fs= 2m Our Sampling fescpect sampling Auating apipat CON be Aumourd ung Y Fs % 24m a2 Vang ons Qliaang Futons $5 < 2fm Under, sue® Dexwation 0% s ra. to Quantzocion Now cae /8 /33 a ¥ v beaihiton joe quomtizafion Noidt fouser foe -'& + Quantizatin, } Quantization eo gun dds) pea = aq (n Te)- 2(0T5) fet (nT) be contruvout amputude én range Mh —tmar to %mog Jotat vewue oy x's) axe mopped to eq detinld- Sota amplitude ronge = egy — —%mon) Pw bias = 2 %mox A 4 amplitude range is dinided jrto Steph. — stepaire - the stsp size $= B= 2%max eee Be co, ‘ Fre ppc signal for approwinns; | Oe recta indetiy cn be cmpaaasegs wih POF. cok ge PLA)> vondom, Wynol ee Pes. ¢ Te) ‘ig oi Peer ey Yhe vgral to noise abi oy quanticer ju quitn as= Nomatued siqnak Power _ 87/12 a qa! and $= 2hmon for xmox=l ond. Pel, Sk av) = lolog 3+ gSe: 51900) iE N Oo”) P ctehs Wel ) a A f siya eons quantization step= O=S= Hxed . (uniform quovtizalion = not fixed ie-vortable zhu it +L) cated. oA Non ~ Linear ) quantization Adaptive Detta, Mooutatver; 2(3]22 tetuiuion utith banduudth of 4.2m Hz ; F a Pagan asing binary PEM Number Sy quartizatibn ual ant 512. cateutati © fe aie : ® Leonimisican nda th @ Ait vale C { ® signal pauess | Nowe pox yuh mene (Ola 4.2x107 qs SISie? A pem system wled uniform quantizer fottowed Bila encoder - Bit vote 5D M bet IsecondDARREN OA: Gi, CNUAMNES CA aed Seep) sage CISD) ‘ i 1 Grete Ca | Quanta | Oxtpuk pm . years ae (x)! elke, Madushaby s one ay QA compared to tu (Trev mater) Receiuer -> demedulatey a ‘ Taehinn > Modul = Te pa ae {ter | > 1 Diginal JP sey a Cen Fig. Delta, Demodulator CRecewer ) evr +Ve — Tp ‘unotaid than prewiaut sample p(KTs) = ant. Single beat wha Modutodion * hie ‘pep ci ze” tel changabte a |Nom- Mheat quantizationmax | Am 2747 Cos 27fynt | f 7 c Am 21 fn > s | ie ee ee | 2K fen Te © Quantizct.on 2M yn Atta, Modulation (DM) 3 slope Lal iatorede fe au P tgnal > stainase cgnal f° node ww 3] P seynad < stain cae uugnat fe Arm da ued [4 ts varged} (Os Voouabte ditto end Srpal aghast recduloted as pes veqdoamert a Delta modulator uystem i clugned 49 epemte at S7inu tHe — Nypiuk wort foe a eignal with 3ktz bandhindth Oetemine the | matimun omplitide oki input Gnuoidatl signal jor ubich the Modulator dou not haut Slope ountoad . Quantization ¢tep O) we mv. cals fs=5fy- S@w)=tow. 8= *50mV fs= to(2® xato?) fs= Mo ABR-49S KHZ. eye fs = S0KHZ : Ts 5.905 48, ea aay 4 T= 3- 33x10 5 seey ty < fms ania _ 2A S _____- pa cappeication ) voruct Oza cad L tp encode tt Probabiletty oF otauencer symbol Es yal “bo: encone Mute Fuid out tuytman cools for guuen symbol $=04 Siz0.9 Ol $4200 probable Mult bed,| @ pod ee om) TInrorma tion — [re ony ie K + fi \ @ n&-= 2 eC ar) (aa) tntropy > auerage snjpunatien content - ¥ Ov= Z Mat) dy curerage Cole user ue d= codeprorth seng hong th May HERD eyyirianey OF source tod © Vasant CO) 4 e-* = pate (ie T=0 Meow OF vareintlity ln codenorcl Length - R= EHC ) infounalion en puts (secoral ees ne ntau ged HOw) = aug dppimasion H SEF: code hor gin symbole and hur probabitihs CULO, cooly wed Length » ayn © Find ont Hufhmonn - ford ont enblopy , voptiance ~ PCa = OD PCAs) = O15 PLKi5) = 0: 26 He) = Ort oP Cage 0. 2Ly No. of beta eg eee ie Os %2= 00123 %o = 0000=4 Dai Lg= 000\= + i Re L= 2 (fed) ty 5 0-26(2) 4+ 0. 2(2) 4 0-202) +@- 16) 8+ 0:1 (4) 40.09% “Le @53 © he (OS ag a 25 ne 93 */s Ket ® Cup ee magrpe Gh y= L). j=0 = O72 0-26 (9-2-5)? + 0.2(2- 2.59% + 0:2 (2- 2.53)% + O5(9- 25 0:1 (4- 2-53)? + 0-094(4- 2.53) + ees = OMeeO)) A davuty source emutS S cyinboll -ob every Second, with jner Yo V4, I8, Vib» Mio nespectuuely - Pind out entiopy and inpounaben rate ea X= 4 a3-\|9 ag= iy as?) = 5 cymbals [Seton . : es R= mle ie) y= (Cpr) R = 5(t875) 2. 9.975: bebe PeseetaeX Lampe ~ Zu cae dl eee et oe 30 011 000 100 WPT O10. «cere SubsequemelO ji j1o oo | 100) 1 Mt OL Numpur pees ese eo 64a Numede [9 )-} 21, I 3) | 22)) eZee Ropresentatino ty| Socal | 0100 001 Coto oo1 NO} oo | Encoding 0 1 stream, rite Segments which Muul be wugue Shock length C7 Dug yiute Acvign nuumber, £0 each, seqmens envedk segment anto nuymvur for E 2) %:@io1o0e 1010S | 2/25 0, | 10 | 00 | 10) | 1om lio poutcme te lL Beh Sebo Gets Sale ¥ po }138) 83] alter | 24 old too} Hor.-0100 le wd 0010f , } bet nok im LZ ¥X thannel capacity Theorem, | Shanon - Koxtley charm os channel copouty ub dlepined ad moni node of infoxmadion thot can be tronmutied “eure A channeh uth minimum prababé iby e BOWL channel. Capacity Town define the lydamintah pimub of vuLor bree fronumuyionand it iv denold A+, = 8B i+ Ss tage ( a) C2 thonndt conpacity B7 ®anduudth S— Reet mean squat: Signal power N= Root man fquorr nate pourer Receused eignod = S4N the numb op Syral Leu acer yuren od - The Manimiun njarete Ee , Tmox = hog. M . Umomimum amount oy mjoxndlion thot can be cecond Borough Ho chal - Rumbo of pulles tronmitted por Second, thin channel gun oa, (=k Tin 5 wge fh]Fore, cuetern) ulin boriduaidenn Ebene Cpe Raa, lake Setand 44 pian 8 rag ae ei ate : [Secs tee Soom anit aqucttion , seems that if, Barrduisdts 4 untimuted the channel Capacity 1 also unlimited. Rut pial AU Lb net powible _ . .drs tqusnion raw tak crannah cOperty Sane ade MBH ly apni, tal a dw Acansl bandimited 4 25KH2 ond hos cuusage fou 72 laos nation S% 20W Spectrat dandy oy NOUe in the chan push 04 * ofa Fd ©) Martirnum rate of whith mboumalion can ve cord ee cic up oue any wu 27 Fond the bursting copatidy o% annie 4 bordundth ‘4 untirnitid = 25 *Hz. = 10> witte- B= 20W. @ C=Bag,A ob hannel has IMHz of banduidth cateutate channel epee n yy Pome, +t D Reue Speco densby rato U Of fo° tz. Auo toy ye max, Antoumatt o i $ on vate when, bandwudth wl rintumited ad g B= | MHz ) S 6 5 C= 1x0 (og > (it Io? ) Ix) 4 c= Blogs (4 “.C = (3 7508.52 ties Is ln. ¢ sm ae yy SOS gah KF C= 144000 butt |s.Sana cE S tannr Space Concerr Ano so ae GSO > Gram Sunmidth Oxthogonatization - > ak Ten sll Oe ty Silt) = 2 Sy $0 doar Signak Tos ? Sy i= hays ©) Signal pace dtazrom Te side Egnal tig el - Sti. =f aii oeGo > M no. Dh greny, signals CON Space - p Mo enegy. Luu | signal © MU path om cignal spore Ni ip. 6} diumantion noo, badis fun ASK > Pm putucle ohigt Heap (sqnat U sek a CoMpletn, ThandRy showd be sypchroniaed or whorent Receckr M2N Tmp whata coherent a Busia > TP haee grant soe” 44 Ngnal ib geteeseg gn Fw wien penbobldiel 025,0.3,0:2,.0:1, 0-1, 0.05, 10-05 ,0-05 el Ads ak a Mpenctinn > Sniropy HOU= z Plar) log o> ah = 0:25 ‘093 srs) + O02 tepafd5) + -alep2 (sb) +04 tga (S5) t ottge( ty 0:05 teg>(oe) + 0105 oqa(cee) + ope ae SS) ie el) = 2.744 Rate of infomation R= ¥ (HOD) y-g R= 9X 2-747 “Rez 21-93) bits [second . ty 3 tymbel pox mulisecends SyMbL Reet: Se stables Prastonyten Sout UO ae tabrepyy ub tyson es ome YD, th Sy ier "16 a entropy HOt) = = POU) Log 5! : ee Cee) m8 HOOD) = £ Ge wigs mete p1Go ee y pe a) + ts teq (6) + a top, (16) sHau)= 1875 R= FHM) R= 5('-875) Bo Pars bits [seconds - Lzcadt H] 000100169000 11.0000,100008 09 1 080"!oolloo00 09000 06 }UOS I) 000 10010000 \ ee ® 0 !o0| 1 [001 000 9001 10 g0010 0000 Jol | C01) x et | pape! ee Numuue | | | ‘put | 0 ob fk [a9 jam 13) S1r 5 et Sea th | 43 any | frxoding | 0p oo} slot O10 0 WIT oll M00 1010 1000 [001 | | a en repre rok spac % fusn}ication of, s0 + No» diinension - No 2ale/2s on be Kepeesedel Yond i ESE Of ey Ligne axe gusen then ub ul Ky pos emp sgt cinta sek walh, ont rsa neat Lab Sie) bes Bee oy emorgy Signal Fety 27M ODN © ant ter grow aut came deperiingy in, FCB, Q,sitt) + ylang 4 ¥ Oey Smt) =O fur Smit) be clependant signal jt can be- expueed ay Sl) = i [oosice) Feast) +-- -- Cakes? | aS epee upon exhon ten‘ tan be, neq unease eorbinatisn of other Sik). fo uate ante graulually typi f0 0:8 depart nwigy ero Coa be chininates 4° four a smaller cubset O inctepenstink erargy signal who N Soy ! 2 Galt = Solty - iS Sai 6) ° @ow BW= Sto- Ba byt) + Saab] whine, t ‘ Say= J soled Ge) ak Soe Sse to Ojttdt- ° ° att) = _ galt Age dt + Genrabteed, quition t find Pet), att) os L7ito) ae + pts Sle) - 2 si bs QP