Well Hydraulics Questions Re India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Cheer road ras Deas) PO Sere Pieced pao » y Question 1: A geologic formation which stores water and is also capable of transmitting water through its pores at a large rate is called: 1. Aquifer 2. Aquiclude 3 Aulus e 4. Aquitard India's Super Teachers for all govt. exams. Under One Roof ees Answer (DetailedOption 1 : Aquifer Well Hydraulics Question 1 Detailed Solution a. Aquifer -. Good storage A. due to high permeability. Example. Unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel b. Aquitard — Partly permeable and hence yield is insignificant compared to an aquifer. Example — Sandy clay c. Aquiclude — Porous but impermeable structure. Example — Clay d. Aquifuge -. Neither porous nor permeable. No interconnected openings and hence can no transmit water, Example — Massive compact rock. & Dear Cane uy eee Start Complete Exam Preparation Pea eee Cees DES eer Crear Eaoirat Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > % The discharge from a tube well generally varies between: 1. 150 and 200 litres/sec . 2. soamye litres/sec 3. 100 and 150 litres/sec 4. 40 and 50 litres/sec Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: 40 and 50 litres/secWell Hydraulics Question 2 Detailed Solution . Concept: Discharge through standard tube well is generally about 40 to 45 liters/second. Discharge through shallo e wells is generally about 15 to 20 liters/second. Discharge through deep tube wells may even exceed 200 liters/second. important Poit Although the maximum discharge of a deep tube well exceeds 200 liters/sec but can never reach 500 liters/second. < ean erica Start Complete Exam Preparation Cen oe ost Oro fared aa MasterClasses Creer Paes Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > Shrouding is provided in case of 1. slotted type wells 2. strainer wells 3. cavity wells 4. Allof the above = Answer (Detalled:Solution Below) Bion 1: slotted type wellsv: Well Hydraulics Question 3 Detailed Solution Explanation: Wells can be classified as: 1) Strainer type tube well: + It is the most commonly used type of tube well in our country. + It is so common that whenever we talk of a tube well, it is automatically understood to refer to a strainer-type tube well. + This tube well consists of blind pipes and strainer pipes or screen pipes. + This tube well is generally unsuitable for very fine sandy strata, because in that case, screen openings are likely to get choked easily. L . - Water Tabley $icetwe ee ind Pipe 7 Amperviol Layer Confined ‘Aquifer + Strainer 4 =a ‘Impervious Layer co Confined Aquifer =Strainer © impervious Layer Oo Plug \ 2) Cavity type tube well: & + A cavity-type tube well consis’ a sei erin the ground and resting on the bottom of a strong clay layer. not utilize stainers and hence it draws its supply from the bottom and not fro’ S. + In the initial stages of pumping fine sand comes out with water and consequently, a cavity is formed at the bottom. + The water from the aquifer enters the pipe through the cavity and as the pumping continues, the spherical area of the cavity increases outwards with result that the velocity flow being reduced and consequently sand stop entering the well pipe. + Hence, in the beginning, sandy water is obtained, which clears out with time. 3) Gravel pack/ Slotted type tube well: + A Gravel pack type tube well (slotted type tube well) consists of a pipe that is slotted for part of its length at one end and for the rest of the length it is plain pipe + In order to prevent the fine sand particles from entering the well pipe, it is surrounded by a mixture of gravel and coarse sand (bajri). The mixture of gravel and coarse sand placed around the well pipe is called shrouding, and it is poured from the top into the annular space between the well pipe and the casing pipe before withdrawing the casing pipe.eee ec See Sea ery CM ele Th Cola) Pras fared aa CC Scien (oreo Exons) D> Download App Question 4: 2 View this Question Online > In a tube-well the yield will 1. increase with higher draw down. 2. decrease with higher draw down. 3 mers" draw down. 4. maximum at zero draw down. ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : increase with higher draw down. Well Hydraulics Question 4 Detailed Solution Explanation: The yield of the tube well will increase with the increase in drawdown. Drawdown is the redaction in the piezometric head at a well in an aquifer due to pumping. the shape of the drawdown is an inverted cone. S © Additional Information om Specific yield: * It is defined as the volume of water released from storage by an unconfined aquifer per unit surface area of aquifer per unit decline of the water table. Specific Capacity:+ It is defined as the rate of flow through the well per unit drawdown that has determined for initial first meter fall of water in well. Specific storage: + It is the amount of water that 2 portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated. ee eean eur paola) Start Complete Exam Preparation Pa Fara iy oreo Question Bank Cee ers Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > Awell with a radius of 0.3 m, including gravel envelope and developed zone, completely penetrates an unconfined aquifer with K = 25 m/day and an initial water table at 30m above the bottom of the aquifer. The well is pumped so that the water level in the well remains at 22 m above the bottom of the aquifer. Assuming that pumping has essentially no effect on water table height at 300 m from the well, determine the steady- state well discharge. (Neglect well losses). 1, 3500 m3/day 2. 5500 m3/day ef 3. -2750 me/day é Wy m?/day Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 :-4730 m°/dayWell Hydraulics Question 5 Detailed Solution Concept: For an unconfined aquifer: q= mR) q me a {Ground Level re R 1 Str 4) Inttial water Level is; |}: sl] } Fe y) Cone of Download App Exons) Question 6 ry View this Question Online > The soil which can store water and allow a small quantity to flow through it over a long period is called:- a 2. Aquitard o . Aquifuge 4. Aquiclude Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Aquitard Well Hydraulics Question 6 Detailed Solution - > Explanatio Different types of geological formations: Aquitard: These are porous butJess permeable geological formations from which water cannot flow but instead siev ugh it. A good example of aquitard is silty clay material. Aquifers: These are porous and permeable geological formations from which sufficient discharge can be extracted. it generally comprises layers of sand and gravel and fractured bedrock. Aquiclude: These are porous but impermeable geological formations from which discharge cannot be extracted. A good example of aquiclude is clay.Aquifuge: These are neither porous nor permeable geological formations. A good example of it is a massive compact rock. a & Tee ane poe nel AS ela mere is) (Cle ely) reece Creer ar aera f cd Download App Question 7 View this Question Online > The geologic formation which is neither porous nor permeable, and hence neither contains nor yields groundwater is termed as 1. aquiclude 2. aquifer 3. aquitard ) A Byure Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : aquifuge Well Hydraulics Question 7 Detailed Solution Explanation: + Aquifuge is neither porous, not permeable, these are not inter-connected opening, so it does not contain water and does not allow it to pass through it. + Agood example of it is a massive compact rock without any fracture. Aquifer: 4 )+ Anaquifer is a saturated formation of earth material from which water is yield in sufficient quantity, due to the high permeability of earth material. + Unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel are good for aquifer formation. + Groundwater is generally extracted from acguifers, soit is of much importance to us + These are generally of 3 types. = « Unconfined aquifer ; « Confined aquifer © Perched aquifer ~ Aquiclude: + {It contains a large amount of water in pores, but extraction of water is very difficult. It may be considered as close to water movement. + A good example of aquiclude is clay. Aquitard: + Aquitard form by that material through which the only seepage is possible but extraction of water is not so easy as in aquifer. + Agood example of aquitard is silty clay material. India’s #4 Learning Platform OW Thssted by 1,06,00,4408 Start Complete Exam Preparation Prue eaicd eae) Pcie (eee enrnarg Pate Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > Apollutant entered into a confined aquifer of 5 m thick and porosity 25%. If the seepage discharge through the aquifer is 0.25 m2 /s, the travel time of pollutant for 100 m in the aquifer will be (in seconds) 1, 20 d ° 2. 400 * 3. 500 x WeaAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 500 Well Hydraulics Question 8 Detailed Solution Concept: (i) Darcy velocity Vpis a fictitious velocity since it assumes that flow occurs across the entire cross-section of the sediment sample. Flow actually takes place only through interconnected pore channels (voids), at the seepage velocity Vs. From the Continuity Equation, Q = constant oO Q=AXVp=AyxVs G Where, Q = flow rate, A = total cross-sectional area of oO of Ay = area of voids, Vs = seepage velocity, Vp = Dar¢ ‘\e) Since A> Ay, and Q = constant, Vs > Vp ae Calculation: Discharge through the vowel Xe Porosity = 25% Depth = 5 m and Length = 100 m Area of voids (Assuming unit width) = 5 x .25=1.25m Seepage discharge = Seepage velocity x area of voids 0.25= Vs xX 1.25 Vs=1/5m/s So time (t) = 100 x 5= 500sers aay Raita) SSE Ta ery ele LiCl) Cee ae ess Oras aed ( mac CCS cierey Question Bank Eri Question 9 » View this Question Online > er are valid for |. Artesian aquifer 2. Confined aquifer 3. Leaky aquifer 4. Unconfined aquifer Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Unconfined aquifer Well Hydraulics Question 9 Detailed Solution Dupuit’s equation used to compute the discharge through an unconfined aquifer. Following are the various assumptions considered to derive the equation: . The aquifer is unconfined. The aquifer has an infinite areal extent. The aquifer is ee a ‘and of uniform thickness over the area Bt influenced by the test. Prior to pumping, the pieze influenced by the test. The aquifer is pumped at a constant discharge rate. The well penetrates the entire saturated thickness of the aquifer. The gradient between the pumping well and monitoring wells is at steady-state. The velocity of flow is proportional to the tangent of the hydraulic gradient instead of the sine as it is in reality, iad ic surface is horizontal over the area that will be RES oF9. The flow is horizontal and uniform everywhere in a vertical section through the axis of the well. +. Dupuit's assumptions are valid for an unconfined aquifer. ee aren Roe tia} Start Complete Exam Preparation Peo arated Seas Dele Cresieairg prorat Question 10 The discharge per unit drawdown of a well, is called 1. specific storage > 2. specific yield 3. specific capacity” 4 mx oF the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : specific capacity Well Hydraulics Question 10 Detailed Solution Explanation: Specific Capacity: Rea cocoa 2 View this Question Online > (i) Specific Capacity of a well is defined as the rate of flow through the well per unit drawdown.(ii) The specific capacity is not the same for all the unit drawdown, but it is computed only for the initial first-meter fall of the height of water in the well. = Dischagge through the well Qspenre topiaty = Sire Specific storage: Itis the amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of the aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated. Specific yield: Itis defined as the volume of water released from storage by an unconfined aquifer per unit surface area of the aquifer per unit decline of the water table. see ae t Peni - SS Ela merely) Ce Ll) Trusted by 1,86,00,449¢ Student pee apse f sd ister Cres ea cas Download App East Question 11 K View this Question Online The surface joining the static water levels in several wells penetrating a confined aquifer represents: 1, Water table surface 2 mmpceerstsion 3. Capillary fringe 4. Piezometric surface of aquifer Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Piezometric surface of aquiferWell Hydraulics Question 11 Detailed Solution Explanation: i Water-table surface: The surface at which pressure head and atmospheric head are equal. Capillary fringe: It is the layer above the groundwater-surface in which water seeps at some extent due to capillary acti Piezometric surface of the aquifer: A confined aquifer also known as artesian aquifer is confined between two impervious beds such as aquicludes or aquifuges. The water in the confined aquifer will be under pressure and hence the piezometric level which is the surface joining the static water levels will be much higher than top level of the aquifer. Cone of depression: A depressed cone appears when groundwater is pumped out from well. ieee eur paren) Start Complete Exam Preparation CRC aR cues PO cuercy (oreo Download App Poot Paes fobec aac Question 12 View this Question Online > Aground water basin consists of 1 km? area of plains. The maximum groundwater fluctuation has been observed to be 1.0 m. What is the available ground water storage if the specific yield of the basin is 10%? 1, 10000 m3 J 2. 100000 m3 3. 1000000 m3 4, 10000000 m3Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 100000 m3 \ Well Hydraulics Question 12 Detailed Solution Concept: Available water in m® = A. Yield) x (Area) x (Change in water level) Calculation: Given, Specific Yield = 10% = 0,1, area = 1 km? = 1 x 10° m%, and change in water level = 1.0m +. Available water in m3= (0.1) x (1 x 10®m2) x (1.0 m) = 100000 m? Tee ar Start Complete Exam Preparation Pears ford ey Neacees MasterClasses resend pina LR aR ceca Download App Question 13 View this Question Online > Most suitable method for drainage of fine grained soilis 1. Well point system 2. Vacuum method 3 Heorenetet Deep well system - Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3°: Electro-osmosis methodWell Hydraulics Question 13 Detailed Solution Drainage or Dewatering: The removal of excess water from a saturated soil mass is known as drainage or dewatering. The various methods which may be employed to lower the eu water table are enumerated below: Pumping from Sumps or Ditches: This is the simplest method of dewatering but can be used only when shallow excavations in coarse soils are involved. ‘Shallow Well Drainage System: The method is most useful where the soil permeability is high (e.g. gravels or permeable fissured rocks). Because the wells are of larger diameter than deep ones and they gener: yi ‘ a greater yield. Deep Well Drainage System: n the depth of excavation is more, say when it exceeds about 10 m or so below the water table, or where artesian pressure is encountered, deep well drainage system may be used with ease. Electro-Osmotic Drainage System: Electro-osmotic drainage method is suitable for fine- grained cohesive soils, in which an electrical gradient is developed between the anode (a steel rod) and the cathode (well point), as to cause accelerated flow from the anode towards the well point(cathode), «: For fine-grained soils, the method used for drainage is Electro-Osmotic Drainage. ee eee enc Start Complete Exam Preparation Rea cocoa Peo arated Seed POS Cresieairg prorat Download App Question 14 View this Question Online > Adeep well 1. Is always deeper than a shallow well 2. has more discharge than a shallow well3. is weaker structurally than a shallow well 4. both (a) and (b) Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: has more discharge than a shallow well = Well Hydraulics Question 14 Detailed Solution Explanation: Deep Wells: These wells are as deep as 70 to 300 meters and tap more than one aquifer. Such wells may yield as high as 200 to 225 litres/sec. The general average yield from the standard tube wells is * 40 to 45 litres/sec. Shallow Wells: These wells a depth of about 20 to 70 meters and tap only one aquifer. ‘Such wells may yield as high as 15 to 20 litres/sec. -. Deep wells have greater yields (discharge) as compared to the shallow wells. Confusion Points: Although most of the time, the deeper well has deeper depth, but sometimes a well with high discharge and lesser depth is classified as deep well. So deep well is always deeper than a shallow well may not hold true always. 5 India's #1 Learning Platform es Start Complete Exam Preparation ee RRR coset f a pret raed a Creer pao Download App Question 15 View this Question Online Cavity type tube well is suitable for: 1. Strong clay stratum2. Course gravel 3. Clean gravel VA 4. Fine grained strata oP se SGoeRan Below) n 1: Strong clay stratum ‘Well Hydraulics Question 15 Detalled Solution Explanation: Wells can be classified as: 1) Strainer type tube well: + It is the most commonly used type of tube well in our country. + It is so common that whenever we talk of a tube well, it is automatically understood to refer to a strainer-lype tube well. + This tube well consists of blind pipes and strainer pipes or screen pipes. + This tube well is generally unsuitable for very fine sandy strata, because in that case, screen openings are likely to get choked easily. Water Table 2) Cavity type tube well: * A cavity-type tube well consis’ pipe into the ground and resting on the bottom of a strong clay layer. not utilize stainers and hence it draws its supply from the bottom and not from S. + In the initial stages of pumping fine sand comes out with water and consequently, a cavity is formed at the bottom.+ The water from the aquifer enters the pipe through the cavity and as the pumping continues, the spherical area of the cavity increases outwards with result that the velocity flow being reduced and consequently sand stop entering the well pipe. + Hence, in the beginning, sandy water is obtained, which clears out with time. 3) Gravel pack type tube well: + A Gravel pack type tube well (slotted type tube well) consists of a pipe which is slotted for part of its length at one end and for the rest of the length it is plain pipe + In order to prevent the fine sand particles entering the well pipe, it is surrounded by a mixture of gravel and coarse sand (bajri). The mixture of gravel and coarse sand placed around the well pipe is called shrouding, and it is poured from the top into the annular space between the well pipe and the casing pipe before withdrawing the casing pipe.