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Resources - Understanding Language Use and Instructions For Primary

The document provides definitions for terms related to language teaching including consolidation, reformulation, and references further resources on the topic. It defines consolidation as reviewing material to reinforce learning and reformulation as correcting a student's mistake by repeating what they said correctly without drawing attention to the error.

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8 views

Resources - Understanding Language Use and Instructions For Primary

The document provides definitions for terms related to language teaching including consolidation, reformulation, and references further resources on the topic. It defines consolidation as reviewing material to reinforce learning and reformulation as correcting a student's mistake by repeating what they said correctly without drawing attention to the error.

Uploaded by

Trung Thành Nguyễn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Glossary

Understanding language use and instructions for


primary
Term Definition

Consolidation Consolidation is a lesson stage where new material is reviewed, and


hopefully learning is reinforced. It normally occurs later in the lesson.
Consolidation can be compared with revision, which takes place at a
later time and serves to remind learners. At the end of a lesson on
vocabulary of the body a game of ‘Simon says’ (e.g. ‘Simon says touch
your nose’) is played to consolidate the material seen. As well as helping
learners retain material and reinforcing it, consolidation is an
opportunity to clarify and address any doubts. It can also offer a different
‘angle’ on new language, which is productive for learners with different
learning preferences.
Reformulation Reformulation is where a teacher corrects what a student has said by
repeating the sentence correctly, but without drawing the learner’s
attention to the mistake. This is usually the way parents correct their
young children.
In reformulation, the teacher repeats what the learner has said but
correctly, without drawing attention explicitly to the error itself. This
technique offers a correct example of relevant language to a learner, at a
time when the learner may be ready to notice the difference between
what they say, and the correct version. For example, the learner says ‘I
have been to the swimming pool last week’. The teacher replies ‘You
went to the swimming pool last week? So did I’.
Reformulation is one of many ways to correct learners’ spoken errors.
Others include echo correction, which is repeating the error with
emphasis, and using facial expressions or gesture. These correction
techniques avoid giving the right answer and encourage the learner to
correct themselves.
Teachers respond in a similar way when they reformulate a child’s own
language response into English.

www.teachingenglish.org.uk
References and further reading
Understanding language use and instructions for
primary
The following links and resources explore the areas discussed in this module in more detail:

These links and resources explore the areas discussed in this module in more detail:

Brewster, J, Ellis, G and Girard, D (2002) The Primary English Teacher’s Guide. Penguin.

Moon, J (2005) Children Learning English. Macmillan.

Read, C (2007) 500 Activities for the Primary Classroom. Macmillan.

Slattery, M and Willis, J (2001) English for Primary Teachers. Oxford University Press.

www.onestopenglish.com/support/methodology/teaching-approaches/teachingapproachesusing-l1-in-
class/146496.article - An article about the benefits of using the learners’ own language in the
classroom.

www.cambridge.org.br/for-teachers/teaching-tips/teaching-young-learners?english-andthemother-
tongue&id=157 - An article on using English and the mother tongue with some practical tips.

www.teachingenglish.org.uk/language-assistant/primary-tips/working-pairs-groups - An

article about the benefits and pitfalls of pair and group work with tips.

www.teachingenglish.org.uk/language-assistant/primary-tips/maintaining-concentrationyoung-learners
- An article about how we can maintain children’s concentration.

www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/carol-read-secret-working-children - A recording of

a workshop by Carol Read on the subject of teaching primary children.

www.teachingenglish.org.uk

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