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Science 10 - Q1 - DW3

This document provides information about determining the location of an earthquake epicenter through the use of triangulation. It discusses seismic waves and how their arrival times at different stations can be used to calculate distances to the epicenter. Students are given seismic data from three stations and are instructed to use the time differences between P and S waves and a formula to compute distances. They then draw circles on a map centered at each station to identify where the circles intersect, revealing the epicenter.

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Des Abrasia
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54 views

Science 10 - Q1 - DW3

This document provides information about determining the location of an earthquake epicenter through the use of triangulation. It discusses seismic waves and how their arrival times at different stations can be used to calculate distances to the epicenter. Students are given seismic data from three stations and are instructed to use the time differences between P and S waves and a formula to compute distances. They then draw circles on a map centered at each station to identify where the circles intersect, revealing the epicenter.

Uploaded by

Des Abrasia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science 10

Acti
Name: _____________________________________________________Grade & Section: _________

Date: ______________________Parent Signature: _______________________Score:

Quarter: 1 Week: 1 Day: 3

Title of the Activity: Earthquake Epicenter

Activity no: 3

Learning Competency:

➢ recall the characteristics of seismic waves in terms of speed;


➢ explain the triangulation method in locating the epicenter of an earthquake, and locate
the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method; and
➢ recognize the importance of earthquake drills in schools and at home to mitigate and
reduce the effects of disaster-related events.

Activity No. 1: Seismic Waves

Direction: Read the following paragraphs and complete the exercises below.

An earthquake releases energy that travels through the Earth’s interior and the
surface of the earth through the propagation of seismic waves. There are two main types of
seismic waves: body and surface waves. Body waves are those waves that can travel through
the Earth’s inner layer while the surface wave moves only along the surface of the earth.

There are two types of body waves: primary waves (P) and secondary (S) waves. Primary
waves vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation. P waves can travel at a velocity of 4 to
6 km/s. Secondary waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It can travel
at a velocity of 3 to 4 km/s.

Surface waves can travel only through the surface of the earth. They arrive after the
primary and secondary waves and are confined to the outer layers of the Earth. There are
two types of surface waves: Love wave and Rayleigh wave. Love wave is slightly faster than
the Rayleigh wave, moving at 4 km/s. Love waves move the surface of the ground in a side-
to-side horizontal motion while Rayleigh wave rolls along the surface in a circular motion like
an ocean wave. Most of the shaking felt from the vibrations is caused by Rayleigh waves.
Science 10
Guide Questions:
Acti
1. Refer to the paragraph above to identify the type of seismic wave that each diagram below
illustrates. Label each diagram with the correct wave type.

______________________________________ __________________________________

_______________________________________
__________________________________

1. Which of the body waves travel the fastest? slowest?

2. Which of the two seismic waves move to travel the fastest? Why?

1. Why do you think primary and secondary waves are used by the scientists in gathering
data about the earthquake epicenter?

Closure:

Based on your understanding, which would result in greater damage: body waves or
surface waves? Why? Why it is a must to study these waves? Explain your answer.

Activity No. 2: Determining the Earthquake Epicenter Using the Triangulation


Method

Direction: Study the data showing the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave
on three seismic recording stations.

Recording Stations Time difference in the Distance of epicenter from


arrival time of P-wave and the station (kilometers or
S-wave (seconds or s) km)
JOLO 50 s
LEGASPI 32 s
APARRI 40 s
Science 10
Acti
1. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations using the formula :
d= Td x 100 km
8s
Where: d= distance (km)
Td= Time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-Wave (s)

This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between the times of arrival
of the P=wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.

2. Choose one of the recording stations and measure the computed distance on the map
scale (the scale of the map in Figure 3 is 15 cm: 200 km). Set your compass for that
computed distance.
3. Center your compass at the station you have chosen. Draw a circle.
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the rest of the stations. You should get three circles that
intersect or nearly intersect at a point. The intersection is the epicenter.

Guide Questions:

1. Is earthquake predictable? Explain your answer.


2. What is the minimum number of seismic stations necessary to locate an epicenter?
3. How can you determine the epicenter of an earthquake using data from seismic
stations worldwide?
4. Where was the epicenter of this earthquake located?
5. Your circle must not have intersected precisely at one point. Other than the error in
your measurement, what are the possible reasons for this? (Be specific.)

In this activity, the map of the Philippines will be uploaded in your group
messenger.

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