D.

REGULAR PYRAMID – is one whose base is a regular polygon whose vertex lies in
a perpendicular erected at the center of the base. This means all regular pyramids are
always right pyramid, but not all right pyramids are regular pyramids.

Slant height(Sh)

Lateral edge(e)

Height(H)

Lateral edge > slant height > height

Properties:

a. The lateral edges (e) of a regular pyramid are equal.

b. The lateral faces of a regular pyramid are congruent isosceles triangle.
c. The altitudes of the lateral faces of a regular pyramid are equal.
d. The slant height (Sh) of a regular pyramid is the altitude of the lateral face.
e. The altitude/height (H) of a regular pyramid is equal to the length of the
perpendicular dropped from the vertex to the center of the base.
f. If a regular pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to its base, the pyramid cut-off is a
regular pyramid.

FORMULAS:
  Lateral Area – the lateral area of a regular pyramid is equal to one-half the
product of the perimeter of the base and the slant height.

LA = 1/2Perimeter of the base x Slant Height(Sh)

LA = 1/2PSh

LA = PSh
2

 Total Area – the total area of a regular pyramid is the sum of the area of the
lateral faces and the area of the base

TA = Lateral Area + Area of the Base

TA = LA + B

 Volume – the volume of a regular pyramid is equal to one-third the product of the
base and the altitude.

V = 1/3 Area of the Base x Height

V = 1/3BH

V = BH
3

Example 1: Pentagonal Pyramid

 Given:
s = 16 cm
H = 8 cm
Req’d:
LA = ?
TA = ?
V=? Sh
8
a= s/2 . =
16 cm
Tan /2
11.01
For Lateral Area
LA = PSh
2

A = nas =
Ppentagon = 5(16) = 80 cm
2
Find apothem
a= s/2 . = 8 .
Tan /2 tan 36
a = 11.01 - apothem

Sh = (82 + 11.012)
Sh = 13.61 cm

LA = PSh = 80(13.61)
2 2
LA = 544.40 cm2

For Total Area

TA = LA + B

B = Apentagon = nas = 5(11.01)16

2 2
B = 440.40 cm2

TA = LA + B = 544.40 + 440.40
TA = 984.80 cm2

For Volume
V = BH = 440.40(8)
3 3
V = 1,174.40 cm3

EXAMPLE 2: Find the volume of triangular pyramid using the given as indicated on
the figure.

20
c
15 cm

15 cm

18 cm

Req’d. V = ?

V = BH
3
Find the Area of the triangle or the area of the base using Heros Formula

s=a+b+c
2
s = 24

A = √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

A = 108 cm2 = B

V = BH
3
V = 108(20)
3
V = 720 cm3
E. RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER – is a circular cylinder whose elements are
perpendicular to the base.

PROPERTIES:

a. The axis of a right circular cylinder is the line joining the centers of the bases.
b. A right circular cylinder maybe generated by the revolution of a rectangle about
one of its sides as an axis, and is therefore called cylinder of revolution.
c. Any element of a right circular cylinder is equal to its altitude.
d. Every section of a right circular cylinder made by a plane containing an element
is a rectangle.

FORMULA

 The lateral area of a right circular cylinder is the product of the circumference of
the base and its altitude.

LA = CH since C = 2r or C = d
LA = 2rH
LA = dH
r – radius of the base
H – height of cylinder
  The total area of a right circular cylinder is the sum of the lateral area and the
area of two bases (circle).
TA = LA + 2B where B is the area of the circle or area of base
Acircle = r2 = d2 = B
4
If the radius and height are given:
TA = 2rH + 2r2
TA = 2r(H + r)
If the diameter and height are given:
TA = dH + 2d2
4

TA = d H + d
2

 The volume of a right circular cylinder is the product of the area of the base and
its altitude.
V = BH
If the radius is given:
V = r2H
If the diameter is given:
V = d2H
4
EXAMPLE 1: An iron pipe 10 m long has an internal diameter of 30 cm, if the iron pipe
is 1.0 cm thick, find the volume of the iron pipe.

32 cm
30 cm
1.0 cm

10 m x 100 cm= 1,000 cm = H

1m
SOLUTIONS:
To find the volume of the pipe we simply subtract the volume of the small
cylinder from the volume of the big cylinder.

Vpipe = Vbig cylinder – Vsmall cylinder

= 804,247.72 - 706,858.35
Vpipe = 97,389.37 cm3

F. RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE – a right circular cone has a circular base and a vertex
that is not on the base. It is similar to pyramid in some way, they both have just one
base and they converge to a point, vertex.

Slant height - Sh
H

PROPERTIES:
a. The slant height of a right circular cone is the length of an element.
b. The altitude of a right circular cone is the distance between the vertex and the
center of the circle which forms its base.
c. All elements of a right circular cone are equal.
d. A section of a right circular cone which contains the vertex and two points on the
base is an isosceles triangle.
FORMULAS:

 The lateral area of a right circular cone is equal to one-half the product of the
circumference of the base and the slant height.

LA = ½ CSh
LA = CSh
2
If the radius is given:

LA = ½ (2r)Sh
LA = 2rSh
2

LA = rSh

If the diameter is given:

LA = dSh
2

 The total area of a right circular cone is equal to the sum of the lateral area and
the area of the base.

TA = LA + B
If the radius is given:

TA = rSh + r2

TA = r (Sh + r)

If the diameter is given:

TA = dSh + d2
2 4

TA = d Sh + d
2 2
  The volume of a right circular cone is equal to one-third the product of the area of
the base and the altitude.

V = 1/3BH B = r2

V = BH
3

If the radius is given:

V = r2H
3

If the diameter is given:

V = 1 d2H
3 4

V = d2H
12

EXAMPLE 1: Find the lateral area, total area and volume of a right circular cone whose
altitude is 12 cm and whose radius is 5 cm.

12 cm

5 cm

SOLUTIONS:

To find the lateral area, first, find the slant height using Pythagorean theorem.
Find the total area applying the formula
Find the volume applying the formula

Sh = 13 cm
LA = rSh = (5)(13) = 204.20 cm2

TA = r (Sh + r) = (5)(13 + 5) = 282.74 cm2

V = r2H = (52)12 = 314.16 cm3

3 3

SPHERE

FORMULAS:

 The Surface area of the sphere is equal to the area of four great circles.

If the Radius is given:

S = 4R2

If the Diameter is given:

S = 4D 2
4

S = D2

 The volume of a sphere is equal to 4 times the cube of the radius

3

V = 4R 3
3

V = D 3
6