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Group 3 Lab Report

This document outlines procedures to detect various elements in organic compounds. It describes tests to identify carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, metals, halogens, and phosphorus. For carbon, substances are heated to observe charring or deposits on crucible lids. Sulfur is tested using sodium hydroxide and lead acetate solutions. Nitrogen is detected by heating compounds with soda lime. Metals are identified by heating residues with acids. Halogens are tested using the Beilstein test with copper wire. Phosphorus involves heating with potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and observing precipitates with ammonium molybdate. The goal is to learn techniques for elemental analysis of organic materials.

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Clyde Ponce
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40 views

Group 3 Lab Report

This document outlines procedures to detect various elements in organic compounds. It describes tests to identify carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, metals, halogens, and phosphorus. For carbon, substances are heated to observe charring or deposits on crucible lids. Sulfur is tested using sodium hydroxide and lead acetate solutions. Nitrogen is detected by heating compounds with soda lime. Metals are identified by heating residues with acids. Halogens are tested using the Beilstein test with copper wire. Phosphorus involves heating with potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and observing precipitates with ammonium molybdate. The goal is to learn techniques for elemental analysis of organic materials.

Uploaded by

Clyde Ponce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detection of Sour Elements in Organic Compounds Experiment No. Experiment No.

DETECTION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Introduction

Detection of elements present in an organic compound constitutes an important step in its analysis. All
organic compounds contain carbon. Hydrogen is also present in most organic compounds The first step
in the analysis of an organic compound is the detection of elements present in it. The principal elements
are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in addition to these they may contain nitrogen sulfur, and halogens.
The presence of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens will also be tested during this experiment
because these elements are typically found in organic compounds. Since nearly all the organic
compounds contain carbon as well as hydrogen it is usually not necessary to carry out tests to detect
them and their presence can be assumed without testing for them (vlab amrita.edu, 2011).

II. Objectives: At the end of the experiment, the students must have:

• Learned the procedure of detecting elements in organic compounds. • Detected the elements present
in organic compounds such as Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Metals, Halogen, and Phosphorus.

Understood how certain elements are being separated. • Discovered the importance of elements in
organic compounds.

III. Materials

• Crucible lid and cover

• Alcohol Lamp

• Crucible Tongs

• Beaker
Graduated Cylinder

• Erlenmeyer Flask

• Pipette

• Aspirator

Mortar and Pestle

Test Tube

• Test Tube Rack

• Red Litmus Paper

• Filter Paper

• Copper Wire

Bunsen Burner

Wire Gauze

• Iron Stand

• Thermometer

• Stirring Rod
IV. Symbols of Chemicals Used

• C12H22O11 (Sugar)

• CioHs (Naphthalene)

•C2H6O or CH3CH2OH (Ethyl Alcohol)

• C6H8N2O4 (Powdered egg albumin)

• NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)

• H2O (water)

C2H4O2 or CH3COOH (Dilute acetic acid)

CH3COO (Lead acetate)

CaHNaO2 (Soda-lime)

C4H6CaO, (Calcium acetate)

HCI (Hydrochloric acid)

CHCB (Chloroform)

KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate)


• Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate)

⚫HNO3 (Dilute nitric acid)

•H&MoN2O4 (Ammonium molybdate)

V. Procedures

A. Test for Carbon

1. On a crucible lid, 0.3 g of sugar was added and heated to char (the charring substance indicated the
presence of carbon).

2. For non-charring organic substances

i. The 0.5 g of naphthalene was put in the crucible lid with a cover. The bottom was placed gently on a
small flame for 1 minute. Cooled down, and the crucible's underside was examined

ii. 2 mL of ethyl alcohol was placed in a crucible and ignited.

B. Test for Sulfur Alkali Test: 0.5g of powdered egg albumin was boiled for 30 minutes with 10 mL 0.1M
NaOH. As it boils, water is added. The presence of sulfur was tested using one of the two methods
below.

1. A drop of solution was placed on a silver coin. A brownish-black stain of silver sulfide

appeared. 2. The solution was acidified with dilute acetic acid and then a few drops of 0.1M lead acetate
was added. A brownish-black precipitate appeared.
C. Test for Nitrogen: Decomposition with soda lime (NaOH and CaO)

1. 0.5g of albumin and 5g of soda lime were ground in a mortar 2. The solution was placed in a test tube,
and heated

3. Using a litmus paper, the vapors were tested

D. Test for Metals

a. 1.0g of calcium acetate was placed in a crucible

b. The residue was heated strongly with sodium carbonate

c. After the heated residue was cooled, 1 M HCI was added to it

E. Test for Halogen

Beilstein Test: At the end of the copper wire, the loop was made and heated in a non-luminous *flame
until no more unusual was seen by the flame.

F. Test for Phosphorus

1. Ig of KNO3, 2g of Na2CO3, and 0.3g of powdered egg albumin were mixed thoroughly

2. The mixture was placed in a crucible and heated in a low flame until white precipitate began to form.
Note: During the heating process, the mixture was constantly stirred to distribute the heat evenly. And
importantly, charring must not occur.

3. The mixture was cooled with 10 mL of water, and then it was filtered.

4. Using dilute nitric acid, the filtrate was acidified.


5. Once it was acidified, 5 mL of ammonium molybdate was added, and then the solution was heated to
65° Celsius. The color of the result was noted.

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