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Unit-2 - Magnetic Circuit - Parameters

This document discusses key concepts related to magnetic circuits, including: 1. Magnetic flux, reluctance, permeability, and magnetomotive force (MMF) are defined and their relationships explained. 2. The properties of magnetic lines of force are outlined, including that they encircle current, are continuous and perpendicular to magnetic surfaces. 3. Four principles of magnetic fields in devices are given: a current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field; a changing magnetic field induces voltage; a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field has induced force; and a moving wire in a magnetic field has induced voltage.

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ALOK pathak
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18 views

Unit-2 - Magnetic Circuit - Parameters

This document discusses key concepts related to magnetic circuits, including: 1. Magnetic flux, reluctance, permeability, and magnetomotive force (MMF) are defined and their relationships explained. 2. The properties of magnetic lines of force are outlined, including that they encircle current, are continuous and perpendicular to magnetic surfaces. 3. Four principles of magnetic fields in devices are given: a current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field; a changing magnetic field induces voltage; a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field has induced force; and a moving wire in a magnetic field has induced voltage.

Uploaded by

ALOK pathak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering

Course Code: BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

Magnetic Circuits

MMF, Flux and Reluctance

Program Name: B.Tech.


Objectives

❖ Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that focuses on the interaction between


electricity and magnetism.

❖ Electromagnetism is the interaction between conductors and fixed magnetic fields.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Introduction

❖ Electromagnets are made of coils of wire with electricity passing through


them.

❖ Moving charges create magnetic fields, so when the coils of wire in


an electromagnet have an electric current passing through them, the coils
behave like a magnet.

❖ Electromagnets are widely used as components of other electrical


devices, such as motors, generators, electromechanical solenoids, relays,
loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific instruments, and
magnetic separation equipment.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Magnetic Field

Magnetic Field
• Magnetic field encircle their current source.
• Field is perpendicular to the wire and that the field's direction
depends on which direction the current is flowing in the wire.
• A circular magnetic field develops around the wire.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Properties of Magnetic Lines of Force

Properties of Magnetic Lines of Force

❖ Magnetic lines of force are directed from north to south outside a magnet.
❖ Magnetic lines of force are continuous.
❖ Magnetic lines of force in the same direction tend to repel each other.
❖ Magnetic lines of force tend to be as short as possible.
❖ Magnetic lines of force enter or leave a magnetic surface at right angles.
❖ Magnetic lines of force cannot cross each other.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

Four basic principles describe how magnetic fields are used in these devices:
1. A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field in the area around it.
2. A time-changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire if it passes through that coil.
3. A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a force induced on it.
4. A moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a voltage induced in it.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

FLUX: Flux is defined as the number of field lines passing through


a given closed surface. It gives the measurement of the total field
that passes through a given surface area.
It is denoted by Φ. S.I unit is weber (Wb).
1 weber = 108 lines of force

FLUX DENSITY: The flux density is the number of magnetic lines


of flux that pass through a certain point on a surface. Flux
density is the amount of flux per unit area perpendicular to the
field. The SI unit is T (tesla), which is weber per square meter
(Wb/m2) and the unit in the CGS system is G (gauss).
B= ϕ/A Wb/m2

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

MMF: It stands for Magnetomotive force (mmf).The current flowing in an electric circuit is
due to the existence of electromotive force similarly magnetomotive force (MMF) is required
to drive the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit. The magnetic pressure, which sets up the
magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit is called Magnetomotive Force.

It is denoted by Fm.
Fm = NI ampere-turns (At),
where N = number of turns and I = current in amperes. Since 'turns' has no units, the SI unit
of mmf is the ampere(A), but to avoid any possible confusion 'ampere-turns', (A t)

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

Magnetic field Intensity(H):-


• The magnetic field intensity is the mmf per unit length along the path of the flux.
• It is also known as magnetic flux intensity and is represented by the letter H.
• Its unit is ampere turns per meter. H= mmf / Length. H = NI/l AT/m Where H is magnetic
field intensity N is the number of turns l is average path length of the magnetic flux

Magnetic Flux Linkage(𝝀):-


The product of magnetic coupling to a conductor, or the flux through a single turn
times the number of turns in coils.
𝜆 = 𝑛∅

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

RELUCTANCE:- It is defined as the ratio of magnetomotive force to magnetic flux. It


represents the opposition to magnetic flux, and depends on the geometry and
composition of an object.

• R is the reluctance in ampere-turns per weber (a unit that is equivalent to turns


per henry). Turns refers to the winding number of an electrical conductor
comprising an inductor.
• F is the magnetomotive force (MMF) in ampere-turns
• Φ is the magnetic flux in webers.

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

l is the length of the circuit in meters.


µ0 is the permeability of vacuum,
µr is the relative magnetic permeability of the material (dimensionless)
µ is the permeability of the material
A is the cross-sectional area of the circuit in m2

Permeance:- The reciprocal of the magnetic reluctance is known as the


magnetic permeance

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.


Continue…..

PERMEABILITY:- The magnetic permeability is defined as the property of the


material to allow the magnetic line of force to pass through it. The magnetic
permeability of the material is directly proportional to the number of lines passing
through it. It is denoted by μ. SI unit is Henry per meter (H/M or Hm2) or newton per
ampere square (N-A2). The permeability of the air or vacuum is represented
by μ0 which is equal to 4π×17-7 H/m.
It is expressed by the formula shown below.

Where,
B – magnetic flux density
H – magnetic field intensity
SI unit is Henry per meter (H/M or Hm2) or newton per ampere square (N-A2).

Faculty Name: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech.

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