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Yr 8 WK 2 Bio Note

The document summarizes the human reproductive system, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive organs and their functions. Asexual reproduction involves one parent and results in genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction requires a male and female gamete and produces offspring with unique genetics. Key stages of sexual reproduction include fertilization of the egg and sperm to form a zygote, development of the zygote into an embryo and fetus, and ultimately birth of the baby.

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36 views3 pages

Yr 8 WK 2 Bio Note

The document summarizes the human reproductive system, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive organs and their functions. Asexual reproduction involves one parent and results in genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction requires a male and female gamete and produces offspring with unique genetics. Key stages of sexual reproduction include fertilization of the egg and sperm to form a zygote, development of the zygote into an embryo and fetus, and ultimately birth of the baby.

Uploaded by

sedrick oche
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Reproduction is the process by which living organisms bring to life their kind.
Types of reproduction.
There are two types of reproduction namely:
1. Asexual reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Asexual or vegetative reproduction is a type of reproduction which involves only one parent. The
offspring is always genetically identical with the parent. Examples include:
a. Stolons and rhizome for instance, the stolon of strawberry and the rhizome of potato and couch
grass
b. Bulbs and corms for instance, onion bulb
Advantages of asexual reproduction
1. The genetic material of the parent is preserved in the offspring. Such reproduction which
produces offspring with the same genetic identity as the parent is called CLONING.
2. It is used in agriculture to continually produce crops with attractive trait, e.g. yield
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
1. There is no variation among the species
2. All the crops might be wiped out into extinction peradventure there is disease invasion.

Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the type of reproduction that involves a male and female parent thereby producing
offspring with different genetic identity.
The male and female gametes
For sexual reproduction to occur, male and female gametes are produced through a process called
meiosis. Meiosis is the reduction division of cells which eventually results in the formation of haploid
cells called gametes. These haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes of the the parent cells.
For example, human beings have 46 chromosomes in each cell that forms the entire bod however, their
haploid cells (sperm and ovum) which are also called gamete, contain only 23 (half of the parent cells)
chromosomes.
Fertilization
Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes to form zygote. Thus, zygote is the FIRST
PRODUCT of fertilization
This zygote undergoes mitotic division to form embryo. The embryo further develops to form fetus which
when giving birth to, becomes a baby. The sequence of zygote to fetus is as follows:
Zygote embryo fetus baby
Implantation
Implantation is the attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus
Gestation period
Gestation period is the period of conception till the day of delivery. It is the period of pregnancy. For
example, the gestation period of man is 9 months.

The male reproductive system

The male reproductive system comprises the following:

1. Scrotum: This is the sac-like wrinkled skin that houses the testes. They flap between the thigh and
are kept below the human normal temperature in order to keep the integrity of the sperm.
2. Testes: The testes produce the sperm.
3. Epididymis: This stores sperm temporarily until when they are ejaculated.
4. Urethra: The very tiny tube through which both sperm and urine pass out
5. Penis: The organ used for sexual intercourse
6. Sperm duct: muscular tube that connects the testes to the urethra
7. Seminal vesicle and prostate gland: they add nutrient and fluid to sperm to form semen

The female reproductive system

The female reproductive system comprises the following:

1. Cervix: a ring of muscles separating the vagina from the uterus


2. Funnel of the oviduct: Directs the egg (ovum) onto the oviduct
3. Ovary: Ovary produces egg (ovum)
4. Oviduct: It is the site of fertilization
5. Urethra: carries urine from the bladder
6. Uterus: It is organ the houses the fetus
7. Vagina: This is where sperms are deposited
8. Clitoris: Site of sexual excitement
Diagram of the female reproductive system

Menstrual cycle: this is the monthly routine of menstruation in the absence of fertilization. The following
occurs during menstrual cycle:

a. Ovulation: This is the release of egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube (oviduct).
b. Menstruation: menstruation occurs when an egg in the fallopian tube is not fertilized. When an
egg is released into the fallopian tube, the wall of the uterus becomes thickened with blood in
preparation for implantation of embryo. However, when the egg (ovum) failed to fertilize, it
breaks, and together with the thickened blood in the uterus, flow out. This is menstruation.

Evaluation

Mention fours of child spacing.

What are the importance of child spacing

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