eo horae r 00 get traclle@n (frictionj@n Tey ey road, 6. Which scenario in #5 one cea the car Pe harder to stop? Why? A= coefhictend of foie ton it Thee Seen, Sp & Hees a road, i we: son releases ‘elevator, the wet rom oN hal with Jess iene? to 7. Describe 2 teen Fret Smal te for the following three pictures. Remember, Fret is the result on lll of the forces combined. For opposing directions, remember that Fret is equal to Winners- Losers 1200 N i Fain 600 N Fromm =50 Ni Frict=20 N 800 N 1 Freke HOON p ) Fret -200N (down ) ; as _20N (lef?) Faet= P(vp& down) (is eee 200 & 00 x SoN &SON Ue 3 Which examples are balanced forces? Unbalanced forces? 200. 2 00 20N How do you know? Faet= O 8. A 20kg objectis at rest. A force of 200 N to the right is required to set the block in motion. What is the coefficient of friction? DRAW FBD HERE: pcoy770 con, whore: is peed SOLVE PROBLEM HERE: 200N Fret=O nama A> ff <— |aJ—* Fred 200N-Fr N= vinta) Zeon Fpriction Ox 200N-FfE 4" a0 200=FF = MBN “a ee 102 9. Once the same box is in motion, it will maintain a constant velocity as long as a 150 N force to the left acts upon it. What is the coefficient of friction here? DRAW FBD HERE: SOLVE PROBLEM HERE: eison 4°56 = 1SON = 0.765 Fr a ees abN = 0.76 10. Wait... don't understand. If it is the same box in #8 and #9, how can | have two different coefficients of friction? The firsh one rs the coefficient of st da bie fric tion, which if ale greater Lhan fhe sliding (ive lie) car f eter of f region s7 MeName: __ Body Diagrams (rodted trom wr Free body diagrams (FBDs) are simplified representations ‘of an object which includes only the forces acting on the object. The body is free because the diagram shows it without its surroundings (the body is free’ of its environment). The mass of the object in kilograms should be written inside of the ox. FBDs help to eliminate unnecessury information given in a problem, they may include the following forces: Gravity The gravitational force acts on all objects. The acceleration due to gravity (on Earth) is constant and acts downwards, it is approximately g = -9.8 m/s 2, but the force due to gravity depends on the object's mass. The gravitational force, is Fs = mg (We will also refer to this as the weight of the object, so we can also say W = mg} Normal The normal force (Fu) is what prevents objects from ‘falling’ indefinitely. itis always perpendicular (normal) to the surface an object is in contact with. For example. if there is a box on the floor, then we say that the box experiences a normal force by the floor; and because of this force, the box does not fall into the floor. The normal force on the box points upward, perpendicular to the floor. For problems in this course, the normal force opposes gravity, so Fu will equal Fe Friction Friction is a force that opposes motion, it is caused by the rubbing of surfaces. The magnitude of the friction force is related to the normal force, but whereas the normal force was perpendicular to the surface, the frictional force is parallel. More specifically, its vector always points away from the direction of motion. Some surfaces are “rougher” than others, this is quantified by the coefficient of friction (1). The frictional force is given by the product of the normal force and the coefficient of friction, Fr= uFy. Applied Force An object might experience an external force by a physical push or pull. This could be caused by the wind pushing on a ship, a child pulling on a wagon, or in the case of our first example, a person pushing a box on the floor. The applied force is written as Fa. In the problems for this course, this will be equal to the frictional force because we are overcoming that force fo get the object to move at asteadypace:so.Fa=Fn — $feacy /mplies constant speed —7 A=B, 2 S ee) Try to label the four forces in the diagram to the beigw. Let's assume that the applied forcs Frorma n vit Sy i cP yee moti g& A Efgriction Fy weiqndFor now, the first step is to recognize all the forces involved by drawing FBDs. It takes practice to look at a situation and determine all the forces at play - practice is the key! Try the following: 1. A 2.18 kilogram book is at rest on top of a table. n normd force =” n iorabh a} [onBey 2189 om Ww Tw Fy= Weight = mg 2. A57 gram egg is free-falling from a nest in a tree (double-check that moss!). Neglect ain» “resistance. — 1k g =i 9009 : Ht Ww iding no wing flaps) from a tree to the ground at constant velocity 3. A0.5kg flying squirrel is gli down and Bhpeagh< Now, let's throw some math in here! 4, Arightward force of 7N is applied to a 2.5kg book in order tmmoveiit steadily across a desk. Consider frictional forces. What would ‘he epeifcioniuabtdeionbe? DRAW FBD HERE: steadil SOLVE PROBLEM HERE faouert genet a Sym of a\| forces = Net Force a pian Frets TN - & ie o- ccteelees mas TN ~ ro pccelern tion o= 1N-Fe ies PN n= 2.5 ky (9.8 2, FRem Use: ne eg) me ( 4) 3°42 24.5N nite Me Coefficient of friction for rubber Gnd dry asphalt: 0: ne Coefficient of friction for rubber anc-wet-asphatt:0. iP 5. 41500 kg car heading Ee Ea ! = 0.2857 a. What would the frictional force be to stop the car on a sunny day? DRAW FBD HERE: SOLVE PROBLEM HERE Mo pemg FPeAn Fe=0.4(1NTOON) ¥ 15001 ne eee iis a) Wane I#T00N b. What would the frictional force be to stop the car ong DRAW FBD HERE: An n= 1¢700N Tre SE Ton Fee ows 47000 ) r “Fe: GIN) Fe7N 2 je Fpuistion