1 Deg C Popueanion) + Te faeletien iw a 915tGueal tly te ek of Ccslleatoon My ) adeervetions — about” dhihy Exfereness ove & be stiady omd Ke Sie popelatin te denclsd bY wsing vlplouat 'N'. Hone 908 9} wc popelakor Sy may bE tefimile + 2. Def ( SAMPLE): Dt ae mile Ord tomfracticobla ty examine Ke ij popolatvon, a finite cubed ty OF pepelation Kroon -— ‘ ts Clidied and sige dy the Aompla. is deroled My ws te ce Enginenting ghident@ im AVP © popelation) enqineriny elidenle wm GMRIT C Sampo) a. Badge ty Praia C population > Gadget % Ap C sample) B+ Def ( PopuLatien! PARAMETER): Det Lo Chatraliea) measure Def CR en cenalant” obtained from O popolosion eu popelarivn Mean — be populareor Werte Sys Fee eli. 4. Def C SAMPLE eratistic)+ Deis @ elaliarieol amneosure compulid OR foe bomple observations + ex Sompl: Mean — * camp Varin — Bie HE SAnPLING + The Proce gp dowiry damput fom 2 pepulatcon te called “Sampling”=> FT a250, thm wae Bam ing ts cen 0s Lage sampling 2 miso, hin IKE hompling > °F Saal) semping: ic Kreun meee of Sampling! Generally we have + tyres 4 sonplig 1. Parposive Som pling 2+ Random Semptog — 3. Simple Sampling + Stratified Semple - Note: The Simplest amd ares Corman used Lype frotabilie dompling is tke “Render Samglingy chidy ach tacluded or Dey (Rondo Sampling) ely e Defy Conder Some Rendunn Sampling 12 Ove manbor dy UKE pepulatinw hos qjual chonas a being wz ample che ample ablainad. Ly hrs prouss te lotmed “Ramdam bemples = Keeton Sonpling to gp “ton pes Gh) Large Random damping Cn 230) Gi Small nando Aang Cn<30) as * Sanpuimig “TECHNIQUES | Co Sango tote replacement: Se damplcg IE Sheen | och: objet” chason ts nelermed Ihe population beer oer drown: => Hee, Th Aamplas of Sie a Hoplatement™ frm > population oy cise ‘(N', Shan Whe Vaal number o> fomples oe ND: seach, for hao Probabilaay * :Ex: Lee Se 7 = Lato} be she bepelarkiom , a ‘ LUC 4 gse Rin with neyleemen The Aomgles ove: (4.4) 4.7) God, 649,007, 10) (10.4) Wot) Go, so) (2) Somplis éicout™ : Songling _welceo Repetnest? Bq ommlig wate Moanin chorsen ts me Puluned tw Ike i : tunes Kor) the rex deer ts dream baplaien pee ay omplss 4 gine (Ware drase wakaule lotion of, fete 'N’ thin thats are New spawples on Ajeet => Hee. puplavmest spon 3 be ge L 4A hy! be the Pupulesien Sa- 3 parplas oy ize "a lis ores [2 yo) \Kio Wehave .10),6 Sm witout replacement”, “The some aD, sie a ronda Aowple + Lite be qyom 0 popelster ie compe teen =n Td a Sy cai * aie Sampo Varian Bo ar Oe teed ea te the Sp yuale 4p Narion => Stonderd Ever 7 ha damderd deviation ty OF sampling dideitation aq the glalfeli te Keune OF clondard errr Ge. SAmPLing DistRIBuTION OF MEANS | SAMPLING De Aha és snoltog bute dhe aoe pling Aee\bution of Mee? boos oy Say yHeans from amples tdich are waa Press of fonling . obteuined byVESTINg of HyPpoTHESsisS (LARGE SAMPLE rests) TEN TRG DUT ION the bream purpose of a etodicheoll say is “papeloction (panerntay az ty dota Conclusions about [Re bated om Samfle Cinfornetien) train poten populatien + The theory sf ghelicheel tnference Com be divided info “two arteqer areod i CI Rett anadéen of paramelens aid “Testing of heypatbesis D Estirnadtor of paremeler® % ( Reniew) The Preveedurte Fy eckirnoting a population. using Ke barnple tn ferrnadione te > Patemnation oj extn peed forrarnalésis Yee ferorte o£ + We have two types ty Peent Estimatter (29 Darcterwal Estimation. C1) Porn Estimator | C Review)i 2 > AD _ point daralsler’' ea Shobislle for eshne = ate she fers povarnele “and will be demdad by ; olabtun porvmdi Pep > —Hence the eatimodtton oF Said % Uierteugs Lingle mumerica| values Hf be * patne Eotemabion’ . (23 Qabival _Estdmokin + (Renfor) Ayn eohemole popeladcen. pararneter. by suo numbers bedrsean whieh (Re populadion pancemeler ama, BF Supposed Fo fie, wate pteasmabl: hegre 2 « oh Conctoinicly is nen af ‘Dnloval Esdemocionn » Cea Jivvis Confidence Dalasral: CReview) | A Uo) Lon fs Confidence inletval fer & | pporcanelen "QO? ts am anlexvel af the HT" Che] Sadvtear PC LL O£U) 21-4, (oad) regandln of the actudd Value of 6% Spee Cnoer 8 CPP® Conkidence Yimnile respectively 3 ie Te degress of Concfiderce (8) Confidence level +shyla ab tees then ane cron prcoems in hide, rolher thom estimating (ke Volue of foorrown eben toe need te decude halhen to accept er raged Oo Atalememt obeut paranelen.. This Staleenerd is calles a “haypothesie” ard Ike decision making” prcoeedusce about the Prraelii C huypothaeis) fe called hypotheses teoking. Useful “tenement Denittns + sseful tomindtgy & Oxprstsrs * + Shotistical hypdhasis | Bis oe etalement about” Ihz Population povernelews. 27: G. The “ovenage TU of morma| human beings is uo. | \ di) The teaching senelfiols, | ix bot tHe Schedls Oe Mfyetore : Thane are ction “types of hype) 3 ell : ‘ cr @ Nall Heppathew @ Gheormatie Hypettons - @ Nall 20 oeys > (oR? ps 20 vthelfran to accep Called a “test aldo ov) 6lalicle attest slaul®. Nee Che preseedure for dectding bu reject a particular happelhesis % o hppa flee tke Tandem Var ase for testing uypaests ik called kesis, We wel) atotistical happel These Agpies! Stators 4 eros * rows 1 Dy testi o setackins + C1) Tpe-2 Ermer t he erm «rede En rejections enen te is lite. of mall happsthess aida ame, |. occeplamce sype-B Ere 2 the! a oo yl of mall hypothess even «aAccept Hy ‘Reject Ho “ag Covrent™ ype 2. Hips Iwixe detision q Ernr | | Type-@ Correct” Hiy is false ea! deci sien Note > Proskobility +f CanBting “type Bexar ig new at “level af Significance’: ona. ig dendaa by Uke | Gres Letter C alpha). (é-e) a= P G Tyre ‘Grav | > _ irerecanag 4 corontting “eypectt ete is denser by che Gree {etter * ‘ (Cede). 4) ) Ge P= cae Emer) > ie Hmnon as Feet test Critical Region + a is Re region of rejetion of cull hapetasis + Ghe area of Cxitical region is equsle ty tne level| 4 Signiffeate Here “Ip Hence of = Altea critical Region = PC TyeF en),© Note: Depending om hypothesis , cxuticel Stegien gu both sides of Ihe Pre cbobifoty- distribution cure malo of tho alternate lic on Ue greside lies on ona Sido ikem IKE > Dy Critieel region Correspendee [ese ig Sot Here “te is bur types, T Ctteal region res ov , bethsids ken Ue eoprespend ing ese tS Se ty be Tfun-toiled Maer, When ihe aHerndlive hypotiesis © Ri -totled Tesr + at He S> So Shen yea apo grepeeatian type LO f \ feos ye _ Ife entine ertiticsl Thegion of omer ag liek oo OH | Curve tail op inc probally? density in |ke FPollesing- aye | ree Gide ehewr Ayceephince regien of, aren Int S=0 &@ + Lege toiled ese + When the altesnolive hypothesis ‘ay is of lessiFam type Ce? Ht: 66S URen Uhe enlite cxbyicel region anen of’ Lies on the toil of the probability: density: fetlowiong: cfgure- Accspfamce aye aren | © “Two +toileq (ese ; When the altexnolve hapretiesis Hy we % aut equ type (he 4h: S#S0 When [fe entine Cottical reegion cp ten Oot” lies on Ihe bette side tails of Ve predabiliscy density) Cunve shan in the felling iquy Pyeeaplance regen Cy anea'\-a' OR Will reach)? ac: aa Sy,© + Peocepyre feR TEsmng oF HyrmHesist Free (Be gier Preablem Conlin, tde Qpprprialé — paremeler of qr ales en, below. Che ‘enlertest, Were fellow tke Slepur: | Stale tke mull hyparesis, WO slep@: specify om appreprialz aimalive hapettasis, M- elep@ s Setup Ike heal +, Sigrtficante Cs? (note: oH 1k not geen she potter alors we Censider it of dash ) glepqrt | Set op (ye | Tear Greteetie of ret oe lgny Soemple. Le +t- EG? , thee Oe 8 .Ece? etelsehe - and Compal He Value of Tt om Net & be 4 ‘cal olepis): Here See the table Value Got FE ene 21 By “3 bevel qf. Bigni ficene as per Ie Rife best! > wa tailed 182- om4 le 4 be & a Lea < | Peel agate fe. a th, Zea) > teal!@- AR LARGE Semele TESS ( z~teate) - + TAGLE VALUES Level gf eigridorc “Two Tailed CZ, ) Right Tailed (% ) Leyte Tailed -%) | - 3-39 — 1.28 Noe? Dales Presenh UMiE we ote oy ® disenss about the sfellowing - | 1. Le leer 1 Zaauuel SFP Rejeck 10 pohese mean hos. mak Cove from che pepulati?9 ys PS 3P —To Ue Semple % 60 workers, Ihe ane nog Heme -toljen by them ty gat Go Werke ie) 336% Min. WEI SD of) Bs1 amin. Can We Steet Use Teall by —pohesic JL = 22+6 Min. againsr he alternctive- hypdbess WAY Bae6 Mins at) X= 0-085 Lia s 2: GvventKoar + m=6o (230) Ria sses; cae 1. Nell Hifpethetrs CHy Dd: AL = 3256 a+ Obernodie Her potasi s cay: Ws 3206 C Right teive4) 3. Lawl ty Sigmificome cay 08 CST.) 4. Teo gteksie H = BoA ein ME ligt! Fa BS BPG eg edbay m 5 = ls: | Ctl ree Ca) ee 6. Conelusivn! At decoy te Rigle toiled Ger We table Value Sf 27 is Seni, | = \bes we era) carteln Dubriious cfeed « De 64 mie ded om ints dvetn have an average Lifeson eo ss elke, oP quasen te beltore Wa oNeroge Gyeapen je Sessihan Zomnlks Me overage Lifesbor +h etek fed Get mele ood 36 aontks 0nd Ibmte O77 Yet use 0.0) {vel aie eae Comte Nell —H pathos’ tHos Me 40 ro ht Altiinaia -ty petra ay! 2 X40 amoalhS Level symifien® a * ool let) oh get pero, 7H here Zz - 2 oe =e Lbs pt Nia |e ee 4% or aco)! tl zu Cras EP \Zea) » | Ruane! 2 vet th \bS average Lfse? eo THRONES * Bot ire table value Sine Heme Kojo Ho- mm tty belie SPai ie utrittous ford tt loasiken ampectonical op Vide Laat eonclusion > Yeo, Row te meses oe qa Wik OF ae According 45 KE perms ectabliched foro whe ore 16 yeort det hare, am overs? beighr of F2°> oun ard devielian ty 86° a + Sandel ade peer? “b eur, eae SRE bypotheste eB oe ooh Re +0) Level ob Persané oo sland Warr 0g avearoged jRe abtemalive bey pathesis signif ee pr ance +ody Given nes Bets? R= Meron of is comp = 41609 re 86. Nall Hypethésis Ho + UL a1 slienalive Hypolfasis Hy M12 (sGger tae) Level of aiqnificonls A; 0:0) secr gaiste : es Rot am Zeal ~ Weta Ie = 0-8 ory |Zoal) = O84 ' coo) t But inp lable vob Hy 2 OF aol \aask) = 217° Condusin : génce | Zeal | Lao) = Wot Ls 25 /qeiy rece Lice (aeons) = 648 wine Keal) Re, mee) 9%, % SD oy Re. 08 the anertage hou g- vooge oT a sample of 200 Weekes é& plane 3” |wet ececeT A -o. Dey M+ EE Gan ‘ax applicanr, 2aiphys asuene diya Une hourly WAGE pala ty plon'n’, oye. lesen thee pad bg Plow 8 eh} | phere plans "A” C Sample 1) plow'o? emf >) — my = 150 i m= 2,00 a's) 2.56 y 284 by =. 108 Co) bye 12% Co) I. Noll ey alhesis Cae)! y= Ma CNd diffotne 2 al | oe native bypottbecis (th ) + by yb, CRighrceiled J + Level Cadel me» Paeet sents . Shenative ypethass CH) : pay A, (Tun tenled ) 3. bowel + Sigmipionts OO» rappel Ce ae Stakisdic * Zo KH 7 WIT a 2) no = Itoo — 700 2. Leg = lao ch = 2006.99 Quy” 4 Oss” 28.6 Eo oo 250(Zea) = 6949 é, tenclusion. 5. Pre, pe 1 he! as tale Wee (z table | = 28% 6s 1S) > lea = Rejeer Ho- lene, yes (here te bee dipienence bls Ike Veriobi lig ap je of bul fromm cathy Aemflas @ | ~The ayers of, Pe cul prodieds te USi8 07% fected fer pete] ant loge. one annple Concixling a Ao Cont overyed 1S Kel udtle | Une othe fermple.,,, c2ne sing Obs | Bo Curt ananreges Hes Kyl wu population Variant, ns ‘yegpectinely, fer epheng tdhefhan Ree ie ange igri pica Ayyounee fy the pau Cencummphio of, Urece tw “Epes op dae then Grothe She value 4 few Gtedistie of Nhe lear ie 13. 58- Here Sample-l t ms ats fe ee He Gormpla-2 + mz, Yee: one be Hionge Nal] Heypathpets cdo) ; ee Abiarnalve Hypotheses CHE M1 tay Qe oe glee = a— 4 1 1g = Is Fee, Say [OT ue” Dy Te Go. ey = LBs. > [3.S€ YP Y 010 663 2'. So: 45 slidenls were drann fron =teo umtVerstiies amy cfon Wer wens fm | Ki ilogrars, amean ovd 20 are’ caladeléd and dao / tdino . Make a horge Semple Uae ty Wee the signifeonte oy te dlppue bles Nhe means> fal Mean sD |, Sample SiBe. | oniverdi-a | SS to 400 | Gniversh3| 57 1S 1 sds Given RH 55> A= BE =I, HIS, WY 4 m= 20d a Null Dypotesis to My = Uy. C thore “Le no dihterene AdiBiena live ctppahasts Sh bye Ma Cron (ales) Lewes + Soe Az 0 0S Cossume ) en be 7 hs ew est cllale ~ = _t1 7 Sst _ =a a +55-5 hoa} 22st = 7126 . or” 4 Ws reo 160 Veal) = “8 Bet Zak Cat ae 008) = 1.96 Conclusings Sint Leal) < 12min Pecapt 0 -e) There te me sigaifecon” Arye b)uo IKE nmeens + ha means do He? loge sples coos 1000 S 2008 be axe eTt-s inekes SB 6G-0 Goce gupe ely © nt comps ee sgptel oa drawn fee WE Gene pepelation ty 2°? gas inches: sols Given y= (0007 nya ato ayn ene» m= Oe° B5=a7 pes eo OD ul) p( bls m)=r4 r¢ — 4) = SS pcimels 4%) 7% The Maxtirum ere B= Be e => a- (2) ‘ e : . . -a) a Hence The Maxioum enter of esktesté wir O pobaniliy = Fa TR ee Gi Far Small Samples <3) * (eo - un sine) eee We Kona thar ES Ba Sim ey Hye @, prays esry, eld “| Vy => p(-,4 et aye / y Soa tay Figen @ => p( remy 2 ty Ie)= IA ~ Fay The Haxunum Err => & = aj, r => ne (rane) ° Hen@ Ihe Maximum €vrr oh eokinale weir (na) 8 frnbatbbty w Es ty, — eee‘Ftlens WA tarda f rtandam ample of Sat 100 hes a 2D 4'S” about Ue maximum Err oak 9%: Compiler @ har Ge we By ca: - ~ Given mete, = ak Coal ye ae CnPienoet acest we acy = By TNs We HKeaus te _ 8 a joe x Fu, = oh ngeln 2S a Tee og * phar ic ake Sime op Aenalluer comple hegre & ectinal on unkneion fprportion te auntie rvdemen -enrme of 8°28 "yr adlast 457 Carcfedena « os tlre Re Haxinum erent =0°88 Cancfidente > jg St? ae of 2196. et dash => Kap,” 19 es e), apridin (Re eos Ofna, ). Dpre , Unkne not (he) _ assy se) - ACAD > & a Standen Kamplt. be lakes Joel gee erean, bon log probally 096 Phar (saa HOD y mae thon 3:0 potnlt? Ss Assen hg Aample meso wal le assert” wl sitter hero 1s ao = WW, jae ote > aa ok 2 Ay, =H hy . me (SRS) OAS 2 ITDalartal “Battwalion - . » 4 wee naw An inline) estimation gp a feramel La, dlalislical ectimatan vhore Jha (paromelas te eclinalia by on dnlanva) fom the Cample dola+ Confienta five) for Meso te D For Lerge semble - Lo Know) or ile Kinso thar PCS *4 ,) yea chine he Fe => Plays Eesiag = be Pegs ype) = i aly Oy > PC%-BES < Abs Kewpe)or ( a. Fahy The probabil fp the shovel fer Whe mean ALE leet, aryZ) - ta’ alee We ilar el efor San (sey Gi Fer Smell Bamps :- Ce unkonn ) Fan See aah 2 ee We Knew tbe pl-tw,2* +d), ) eiehy e ore > pl-tyetity ) = i => - f Rue - Potay, £ EB ahi ) etre =P p( Ft e 4 MS Rete, -dhe frebabilety a tke inlésival fer TRE mean (M’ ts lek few te a (Rt seta). Here tka tnleival1. The Mean ond Ihe Se . 6 oye popdaten are 1 tasend 1404 respeckvdy «Uy ma 50 find IST: Confidente thea) or Ne 70829" at Mean of I popelorivg = was =% oom ap vs peplotian om = 05s , me 5d At (ea) = 18% confisenta Ay, = 496 cunefidena ioliwal rr Yer = (3-2n% 1** we) Nw Ay = 196x150 3e8asS 4a. ie Jo XNTI OT = veo os comrpidene olinve) = (urae- 398? paner 27 (183-5 156905 ) a vanieote TA a. A Tondeo fanpla, 4 oh 8 yoo WBieen hese . vi gene lend « D0 2s and | neon is S>- congtre 6 exoft x os . gas oer ods Heme ace, * a pe ene 28 HE ee So) (65 ' oo eke . Fal, cH <4 BE Tolsvel 18 (a- M% ’ at v%) ee d a ar 8S > aoe! > (wo #38? a3 165) . . Avanden semp gise \00 fs Ken (By, %? K+, % ) =(20.6, 23-6)