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Cnlab Parta

The document describes simulations of various wireless network topologies and protocols: 1. A 3-node point-to-point network is implemented to measure packet drops at different bandwidths and queue sizes. 2. A 6-node network simulates ping messages to determine packets dropped due to congestion. 3. An Ethernet LAN with multiple nodes plots congestion windows for different source/destination pairs. 4. A wireless LAN with transmitting nodes is implemented to study performance with respect to packet transmission. Simulations determine throughput between nodes. 5. GSM performance is implemented and studied in NS2/NS3 at the MAC layer. Packet reception over time is plotted. 6

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B N Keerthana
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21 views21 pages

Cnlab Parta

The document describes simulations of various wireless network topologies and protocols: 1. A 3-node point-to-point network is implemented to measure packet drops at different bandwidths and queue sizes. 2. A 6-node network simulates ping messages to determine packets dropped due to congestion. 3. An Ethernet LAN with multiple nodes plots congestion windows for different source/destination pairs. 4. A wireless LAN with transmitting nodes is implemented to study performance with respect to packet transmission. Simulations determine throughput between nodes. 5. GSM performance is implemented and studied in NS2/NS3 at the MAC layer. Packet reception over time is plotted. 6

Uploaded by

B N Keerthana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART-A

1. Implement three nodes point – to – point network with duplex links


between them. Set the queue size, vary the bandwidth and find the number of
packets dropped.

set ns [new Simulator]


set nf [open prog1.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set nd [open prog1.tr w]
$ns trace-all $nd
proc finish { } {
global ns nf nd
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
close $nd
exec nam prog1.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail


$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 512kb 10ms DropTail

$ns queue-limit $n1 $n2 10


set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
set sink [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink
$ns connect $udp0 $sink
$ns at 0.2 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run
AWK file (Open a new editor using “vi command” and write
awk file and save with “.awk” extension)

BEGIN {
dcount = 0;
rcount = 0;
}
{
event = $1;
if(event == "d")
{
dcount++;
}
if(event == "r")
{
rcount++;
}
}
END {
printf("The no.of packets dropped : %d\n ",dcount);
printf("The no.of packets recieved : %d\n ",rcount);
}

Output:
2. Implement transmission of ping messages/trace route over a
network topology consisting of 6 nodes and find the number of
packets dropped due to congestion.

set ns [new Simulator]


set nf [open prog2.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set nd [open prog2.tr w]
$ns trace-all $nd
proc finish {} {
global ns nf nd
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
close $nd
exec nam prog2.nam &
exit 0
}

set n0 [$ns node]


set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail


$ns duplex-link $n2 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n5 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n6 $n0 1Mb 10ms DropTail

Agent/Ping instproc recv {from rtt} {


$self instvar node_
puts "node [$node_ id] recieved ping answer from \
$from with round-trip-time $rtt ms."
}
set p1 [new Agent/Ping]
set p2 [new Agent/Ping]
set p3 [new Agent/Ping]
set p4 [new Agent/Ping]
set p5 [new Agent/Ping]
set p6 [new Agent/Ping]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $p1


$ns attach-agent $n2 $p2
$ns attach-agent $n3 $p3
$ns attach-agent $n4 $p4
$ns attach-agent $n5 $p5
$ns attach-agent $n6 $p6

$ns queue-limit $n0 $n4 3


$ns queue-limit $n0 $n5 2
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n6 2
$ns connect $p1 $p4
$ns connect $p2 $p5
$ns connect $p3 $p6
$ns at 0.2 "$p1 send"
$ns at 0.4 "$p2 send"
$ns at 0.6 "$p3 send"
$ns at 1.0 "$p4 send"
$ns at 1.2 "$p5 send"
$ns at 1.4 "$p6 send"
$ns at 2.0 "finish"
$ns run

AWK file (Open a new editor using “vi command” and write
awk file and save with “.awk” extension)

BEGIN{
drop=0;
}
{
if($1=="d" ) {
drop++;
printf("%s \t %s\n",$5,$11);
}
}
END{
printf("Number of ping packets dropped due to congestion are =%d\n",drop);
}

OUTPUT:

3, Implement an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple


traffic nodes and plot congestion window for different source /
destination.

set ns [new Simulator]

$ns color 1 Red


$ns color 2 Blue
set na [open prog3.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $na

set nt [open prog3.tr w]


$ns trace-all $nt

set ng1 [open tcp1.xg w]


set ng2 [open tcp2.xg w]

set n0 [$ns node]


set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]

$ns make-lan "$n0 $n1 $n2" 1Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3


$ns make-lan "$n3 $n4 $n5" 2Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n3 1Mb 10ms DropTail

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]


set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]


set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$ns attach-agent $n4 $tcp1


$cbr1 attach-agent $tcp1

$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp2


$cbr2 attach-agent $tcp2and

set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]


set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink1


$ns attach-agent $n5 $sink2

$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1


$ns connect $tcp2 $sink2

$tcp1 set class_ 1


$tcp2 set class_ 2

proc End {} {
global ns na nt
$ns flush-trace
close $na
close $nt
exec nam prog3.nam &
exec xgraph tcp1.xg tcp2.xg &
exit 0
}
proc Draw {Agent File} {
global ns
set Cong [$Agent set cwnd_]
set Time [$ns now]
puts $File "$Time $Cong"
$ns at [expr $Time+0.01] "Draw $Agent $File"
}
$ns at 0.0 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 0.7 "$cbr2 start"
$ns at 0.0 "Draw $tcp1 $ng1"
$ns at 0.0 "Draw $tcp2 $ng2"

$ns at 10.0 "End"


$ns run

AWK file (Open a new editor using “vi command” and write
awk file and save with “.awk” extension)

BEGIN {

if($6= ="cwnd_") /* don‘t leave space after writing cwnd_ */


printf("%f\t%f\t\n",$1,$7); /* you must put \n in printf */

}
END {

OUTPUT:
4. Implement simple ESS and with transmitting nodes in wire-
less LAN by simulation and determine the performance with
respect to transmission of packets.
set ns [new Simulator]

set tf [open prog4.tr w]


$ns trace-all $tf

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000

set nf [open prog4.nam w]


$ns namtrace-all-wireless $nf 1000 1000

set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;


set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;
set val(ll) LL ;
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;
set val(ifqlen) 50 ;
set val(nn) 2 ;
set val(rp) AODV ;
set val(x) 500 ;
set val(y) 400 ;
set val(stop) 10.0 ;

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \


-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace ON

create-god 3

set n0 [$ns node]


set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]

$n0 label "tcp0"


$n1 label "sink1/tcp1"
$n2 label "sink2"

$n0 set X_ 50
$n0 set Y_ 50
$n0 set Z_ 0
$n1 set X_ 100
$n1 set Y_ 100
$n1 set Z_ 0
$n2 set X_ 600
$n2 set Y_ 600
$n2 set Z_ 0

$ns at 0.1 "$n0 setdest 50 50 15"


$ns at 0.1 "$n1 setdest 100 100 25"
$ns at 0.1 "$n2 setdest 600 600 25"

set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]


$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink1


$ns connect $tcp0 $sink1

set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]


$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1

set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]


$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1

set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]


$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink2
$ns connect $tcp1 $sink2
$ns at 5 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 5 "$ftp1 start"
$ns at 100 "$n1 setdest 550 550 15"
$ns at 190 "$n1 setdest 70 70 15"

proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam prog4.nam &
close $tf
exit 0
}
$ns at 250 "finish"
$ns run

AWK file (Open a new editor using “vi command” and write
awk file and save with “.awk” extension)

BEGIN{
count1=0
count2=0
pack1=0
pack2=0
time1=0
time2=0
}
{
if($1=="r"&& $3=="_1_" && $4=="AGT")
{
count1++
pack1=pack1+$8
time1=$2
}
if($1=="r" && $3=="_2_" && $4=="AGT")
{
count2++
pack2=pack2+$8
time2=$2
}
}
END{
printf("The Throughput from n0 to n1: %f Mbps \n", ((count1*pack1*8)/(time1*1000000)));
printf("The Throughput from n1 to n2: %f Mbps \n", ((count2*pack2*8)/(time2*1000000)));
}
OUTPUT:
5. Implement and study the performance of GSM on NS2/NS3 (Using MAC layer)
or equivalent environment.

set bwDL(gsm) 9600


set bwUL(gsm) 9600
set propDL(gsm) .500
set propUL(gsm) .500
set buf(gsm) 10
set Total 0
set ns [new Simulator]
set nt [open prog5.tr w]
$ns trace-all $nt
set nodes(c1) [$ns node]
set nodes(ms) [$ns node]
set nodes(bs1) [$ns node]
set nodes(bs2) [$ns node]
set nodes(c2) [$ns node]

proc cell_topo {} {
global ns nodes
$ns duplex-link $nodes(c1) $nodes(bs1) 3Mbps 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) 1 1 RED
$ns duplex-link $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) 1 1 RED
$ns duplex-link $nodes(bs2) $nodes(c2) 3Mbps 50ms DropTail
}
switch gsm {
gsm -
gprs -
umts {cell_topo}
}
$ns bandwidth $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $bwDL(gsm) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $bwUL(gsm) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $bwDL(gsm) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $bwUL(gsm) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $propDL(gsm) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $propDL(gsm) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $propDL(gsm) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $propDL(gsm) simplex

$ns queue-limit $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $buf(gsm)


$ns queue-limit $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $buf(gsm)
$ns queue-limit $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $buf(gsm)
$ns queue-limit $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $buf(gsm)

$ns insert-delayer $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) [new Delayer]


$ns insert-delayer $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) [new Delayer]
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) [new Delayer]
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) [new Delayer]
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $nodes(c1) $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $nodes(c2) $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns connect $tcp $sink
proc End {} {
global ns nt
$ns flush-trace
close $nt
exec awk -f prog5.awk prog5.tr &
exec xgraph -P -bar -x TIME -y DATA gsm.xg &
exit 0
}
$ns at 0.0 "$ftp start"
$ns at 10.0 "End"
$ns run
AWK file (Open a new editor using “gedit command” and write awk file and
save with “.awk” extension)BEGIN {Total_no_of_pkts=0;}

{
if($1 == "r")
{
Total_no_of_pkts = Total_no_of_pkts + $6;
printf("%f %d\n",$2,Total_no_of_pkts) >> "gsm.xg"
}
}
END{}

OUTPUT:
6. Implement and study the performance of CDMA on NS2/NS3 (Using stack
called Call net) or equivalent environment.

set bwDL(cdma) 384000


set bwUL(cdma) 64000
set propDL(cdma) .150
set propUL(cdma) .150
set buf(cdma) 20
set ns [new Simulator]
set nt [open prog6.tr w]
$ns trace-all $nt
set nodes(c1) [$ns node]
set nodes(ms) [$ns node]
set nodes(bs1) [$ns node]
set nodes(bs2) [$ns node]
set nodes(c2) [$ns node]

proc cell_topo {} {
global ns nodes
$ns duplex-link $nodes(c1) $nodes(bs1) 3Mbps 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) 1 1 RED
$ns duplex-link $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) 1 1 RED
$ns duplex-link $nodes(bs2) $nodes(c2) 3Mbps 50ms DropTail
}
switch umts {
cdma -
umts {cell_topo}
}
$ns bandwidth $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $bwDL(cdma) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $bwUL(cdma) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $bwDL(cdma) simplex
$ns bandwidth $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $bwUL(cdma) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $propDL(cdma) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $propDL(cdma) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $propDL(cdma) simplex
$ns delay $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $propDL(cdma) simplex
$ns queue-limit $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) $buf(cdma)
$ns queue-limit $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) $buf(cdma)
$ns queue-limit $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) $buf(cdma)
$ns queue-limit $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) $buf(cdma)
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs1) [new Delayer]
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(bs1) $nodes(ms) [new Delayer]
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(ms) $nodes(bs2) [new Delayer]
$ns insert-delayer $nodes(bs2) $nodes(ms) [new Delayer]
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $nodes(c1) $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $nodes(c2) $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns connect $tcp $sink
proc End {} {
global ns nt
$ns flush-trace
close $nt
exec awk -f prog6.awk prog6.tr &
exec xgraph -P -bar -x TIME -y DATA cdma.xg &
exit 0
}
$ns at 0.0 "$ftp start"
$ns at 10.0 "End"
$ns run

AWK file (Open a new editor using “gedit command” and write awk file and
save with “.awk” extension)BEGIN {Total_no_of_pkts=0;}

BEGIN {Total_no_of_pkts=0;}
{
if($1 == "r")
{
Total_no_of_pkts = Total_no_of_pkts + $6;
printf("%f %d\n",$2,Total_no_of_pkts) >> "cdma.xg"
}
}
END{}
OUTPUT:

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