UNI1: TESTIN G DF HYPOTHESIG

[nthroduti on :
Many psoblems onqneoxing gaqsed that

doclde uohethox aLcept Atatamant

about 6Ome paseametor. he statomort is calld hypothets.
he deciion making peeedue out the
hyrotheai called hypothosis tosting.
|opulatton :
Populaton mearns 60t cHjectvas
embos which moas we Merts e coseevaton

Naaining the objoct.

opulaton qinito
to the nunbor oloment 68 the Aot

Tninito.
Gamjlng :
A Pat Aolectod m he Ppulaton Called

Jample.
The sae ction bample (allod

anpltng.
sample :
sample geeator than (et)

thÍn thekamplo callod

daxgo Aamplo.

smal) samplo :
han z0, then ho sample
caled small mple.
Poametee and Atattatics
the stattstfcal 0nstant the Populatton
mean lu) , Atandaxd daui aton (o ae Called
 botw0en
kample Atatuttu, then
(e)
faxamctek.
Atatistical LOnstant the sample Auch
The about
tOst Atato ment
mean (7), Atandad deviation () ae callud Dant any
the population. then

H, : Rko than tho altownato hypothesis

ctatfstu Fot
PaxamcBoe
may be thsuelie cas es.
(eor populator) t<or urple)
tarmple : H : H# o LTwo tauled tast]
ti) îopulation (ase 1
æ) fopulaton
m@an L [Alghe tallod - stngle tailad]
mean (M)
deple Case 3 H : K <Ko [ Let tailad - kingle talled]
tiD Population
S.D (o) Q.D (6) Caitf cal saqion :
wesponding toa statisticA
ti fopulaion
barmple
t) Population
A agin
without amounts null
sample
called Uritical kugion.
|po theuiy
Aample, wo make certain dasion
about Ppulation. Dn Auh taking deicion, Ceitlcal value :
Atatlctfes shich sepasatos
maka textan asump ti ons value test
0s Umplioru, Theso Called
aceptane agion
Atntistical hypoth ese. Thoe too Kinds tsttcal sagion om
value, or Aipnigicant valus.
Ro - nul hypo thesis tical
H, - altonate ypothois slgni<iane :
the value e Atatistid
Nul The psuotaorlT ty that

critlcal Lgion cRlled level

It basod the
On
analyingthe prob lem. It is
obOLWo d that thexe gnayicane.
In gon ONal, it nd .
Altenate hypoth aks:
Attexnattve hypothes shth s Alqiicante
torryl ementaxs
to ypotosis. sr :

Rule: Thoe e

14 Dant to t04t the

diyurene boeon fqnifitane

and
 Laxge sample tost : Now

tost yot stngle mean The tost i Laxge Aample test, and
tost Aample i4 toxne d mean

So, Z tost
FOY
acopttng
)
tailed Sngle talkd
H +
5%. |Z) 21.b45
Set

|21 .58 |zl 2.33 ab value

LTwo taled tert)
single
108t Atatisttc,
I -
ush en, nB0

lImit: - 6.T5 - b.48

Two taled Oingle telld

= 3.

tl.bU5 Iz = 5. 6

99% 712.58 G112-33o:

Note: 1.0, cal z > 7ab I
5 LDS
So, we
() 14 cal z < Tab I, then acLept
botwaon Population
> tab Z, then Thesceloe, thexe a
dynu
I.A Nosmal mean and Aample
Pppulation has
n 0an
6. 4@ and |00 stu dent taren
S.D Aample
4D0
mem ber, h0
mean 6.15 . JA [he moan height tho students
tht
aityoune qri<icanu at
opulation.
5% LDg ? um. an be
.3
Moaonaby Keqarded that,
GiTven. = 6.48 the Populatton, the mean helgit J66 m
=l-5
on d m
T b . 16
D= 100
G1Ven

= (bh
 Longidene (duial) true

Now n 30
kample tost and Atnce
tost s Jarge = 900
tomed
sumple gluny Anqle
mean.
So, test
for singe mean

Now n 30
Ö) H :
H : t+ iho test Js daxge saple tost and sine
kanple gven, it 1s tomed
Angle
value SD, I tost Aingle mean

taidedy

Test statf ctie,

d =5 .

Tab

VI0O 10st stattsttc,

|zl = 1-5| 5 I = 1-H

5>1.96
3.4 -B.25

Sb, w0 jatng the to at 5 % LDS

die cne totwcen 2rulaton 1Z .T2| -.12

mean and m Dan

3. A Lample 40D memo

8. 44 and &.D d. ti m Tab z cal z
bample Om the Populaion mían 3.250 60, wQ accepttng Zo
and 8.D js 2.61 tm . D ho Tí 0u;ou, thexe 00 dilloence between ropulation
Populaston
nemal and the mean me an and Aamplo
wn . ind the 452
tio 96 %. LOS |2
tongidene
tab z valua,
Vn

104t
Atati stic,

3.4-0. l70
a)
B.4 1 D. I70,
- 186D - 180o
3.67, a.23
fKom 3.51 to 3.23.
The Xange
3.53b
mpan beaking Ahcngth the (able
maru<attu (800 with a Z = |3.536| = 3.53L
Nupplted
l00 By tho nw teLhniqu in e 3.536 233
marujattwing ProteM t daimud that the breakt
the able has in oroas0d, inovder to
Ahrengt rgeting Ho ThoraLee) thase
Jino Aample ables is testeA
tost ths
botwcon ropulation moan and 1amle Mean.
and
that the mQan bre akiag
strgth 1960 tn w suppott the kample test based dütr(butlon,

Jwol Agnijina. and be the

stan dax d deviaton 2
and the loent po pulation.
Given, D= 5D sample and Si , S) be the
thon the tost statisti c
kample

LO1)
Aow 30 Vn n,

laxg sample tost and ne

samplo I.The (DDO Lnd
on o qren,it is tovmed a singlo mean
So, L tost
Q000 mombos, 67.5 and .68 in chea esPaivoly .
et ange mean sample
Can the Hegar de d dc aon qom the
(one tailedy
kample Ptpulatlon o stan daxd deutatton a.5 Inuhe!
 The =57.LQS Glven,
nd
tonductod Tha
Now test
So.
B cant Ho
:=
sales sigrui
stattstic
nthogven
UseL taking 5.1b5 2000.D)
67.6-68 -
d000D R. Plae A managok T/2.5)2
(26)2 + 1000,
-5l.b6 &
ejocting -l1:5)
=61.5, i
Lamplesin

400R. betwcon Ho
to, -)
0ach
Jaxge
yollouoing ThOxelere,
twp
Population
mcas.
top
(ase

Plaes A thee iA
table,
tho

3.
A Tho
S.D
ustralianuautralian
engieh ind,es
So, lz Test
ample A = tost FH)AIH
|8.
mean. uskite
Q.62 C151 8.6I5 = whcthor
h tal n)
as |100
20D0 - n
zL 200
1/200)2 200, =
8.615
n1nches
67.5 diljerene
bowccn
hetght s cal
mean Ramplo 200
tha
(450) -I10032
the Z lovol.57
clo fnchesand

the
88.55 64DD exepee
thue Th
data populaton
means.
two
6D
a Aal
taler iohes fnquah
men
A.D
1ndieato
that
than l600
and a
Lame
2,66
ha
 7 67. 95 LOS =|% 2=),33
L9. 66 6 2.52
Gfven. D) l60D 0st statf 6Hc du,

LOt

H lonc taded test)

72 -10
LDS 32 36
Test stati stic u,

|-154 2.33
L7.95 -68.55

J.)(2.52)
160D So, w0
acepting Ho
--9.9D4 Aigripicanu difyuvena betwaen
toys and gol
Iz) = -9.106| = 1.90L rOnloemanu.
tah z cal z nean hoight 5D male Atudent ho

bhouad above perticipation în llege athleties

So, w
jeLking Ho . Thoe;oe, the
auuAr allans 68.2 fnches wj tf îndhes hile
the au Oage tallex than englis usho
50 male Atudents showed inteest fo such
men,
paxttupatton had a height cb7.5
. he auOHOge mark hypotheiu fhat male
by boys is T2 S.D 2.8 in ches. test
with the &D 8 wstile that
Studerds ho Paxti ipate otlege atheletic& tallex
the 8. D c b. 7eto d at 17. LOS wh athe studos.
th an cthox male
the boy Poxjom guator han qils
Si 2.5
Hiven. 2 2.9

Lot taile d test)

(one tailed test)

 Atatistic ,
1est
odom Y or student'st tot

yuodom no. Dls ewalion

&8.2 - 61.5 defined
torst ints
5D

whoe.
J.3186 n

talz < tab

1-31 8L 2 lbu5

and applicakion t - test:

&o, we atcog ting o. Thoxeejeu, thee is
between the male studert wod tost the igrijcanu the
Mean a sardon kampe and
Lsho partiipate ollege eth etia and oth ox male the

the mean the opulation

students.
Wsed tn tost the the
Small sAmple tost :
botwcon twD onple mean.
student'A t test
tho Atgikicanu Leicient CPalatlon,
T0 tet
alon
2'-tot (0T) tost Pscpertos t -distibuton:

Studont' t teD The vasiable Ranger to

ymmehical about equal to and

20 be Bandom 1-disbibutlon
and Atandaxd
Aize
Atudunt'4
deviation 6, wth
populalibn
has mean

todt
da<ined In the
ArattstHca,

Tha varáane t- dis bi btipn alway geator

than
 house ocn Du AxQLDn and the Ho un d
H . That 1s,
Aarple in umes

qolauing
values
thcix
Tert
obtined
hypo thesis
thee
betw con sanple Mean

(.D Rs. 65D hod nd 1opulakicn

houseowNDA
fnwme
a. The mt an iuimu sarnpe 25 pulbs
Rs. 5500
yound (560 houn wfth .D (20 houy. The

dams that the

Lumyorymaruyauien
0-10 30 thon bulbs (600 houxs, A the
Given.

It u a Amall amie test, aim act aptabla at % LO4?

1-6000
Sb50 GIvon
-56DO Anall sampe test.

7- 1550

Aqi<uant ijunu
bctwoon mple muQn and Fopulafon muan
Thexe signiitart iåenene
botween Janple man and populafion M2an

tHo : - i

dl).

Doguee uedom =n

bo0D-550D

1est Atati stiu.

1550 - l600

value

=-2.0 41
ymn etrical]
tal t tabt
vale
J. 307 2.2L2 =d.191
 and H, had is,
actpting Thal i, thee
thoe s ijnikiuant botwoen Barmple mean
and populaton
manu<a tN Btrin make lachric bulb
3. ven Aanple
h at hawe Mean ile cf 25
12.5 and Aayle "TOAt the
merthu wi th monthy . A Kandom sample
ypo thes S that the the opulation
alexratehypothets that s, moye bulbs gave yoiing values
than
LDS.
: 24 26 30 20 20
mon tha

eiven, Can you gard the rroduer's to valid

6 2.5
at

n =2) < 30
lislneiven
:It Amal iAmple tot,

Let
Aarmple tet 21 616

AtatB stiu. 30 200

H (Srgle taled tout) Lest

t= 2D LL00
d57.
) 20 400
DegaeR Judom
324
- 22-1 D
Zx' =3210
b
=324-
6
123)
stmictics, =23

t 83-10

) (ar) :.A .l23

A.765 klow, Deqee graRdom

t = 23 -15
. 1abe value al29

o endom is 1-121

A.166 >t.12) -|.0?4

 d-l -5
(Y) 0-1
Table value -HD52

1est AtatAiu,
S a l z < tab t

DP4 < 4.03)

value
:. alutalod Actcprng t-l.08u lios 0-4.032, to ,Da)
He.
thexe ppulation ()
man and kanple moan. =-0. 622

5. A Aandome Jample had the

Jellowing . Tablo dom 4 is .1:
1.6'8 : 10 20 |10 101 83 95
| DD t= -0. 63) LioA in-2.262 2t L 2262
h@e data Ehe
aAumption o aPopulata Ho
man
do kupport the
Thoxe<oe, we a POpulafan

10 90D aandon kample vales om Btmal

pplatfon Ahouod mean Al. 5 1nches nd the sum
1210D dutation this muan I36 ka.inchas
102D1 = 4312 43, 5 fnches
1744
10 -) show that the asunptions
HUOAOn ablo, pbtan q5. and 9
the p ulaton rot
6889 9631.2 - u7.9y engidenu imts.
4idulal Limts
45 9025
96D4
L01 6= 3.54 61ven,
100 ID0DO 7 = .6
IX-912
4q inehes.
o deviatHon 4Kom
mean
Glven, - 100

n =lo .k.t.,

Larmule tut
bh.4315
aMwme,
Let
Also qiven.
(bnyidenu timis
o57.
96%. duual Jimits

Al:5 t 2.131 2.904

Atakia-f, golng to accept

3 l . 5 1 l.541
H at (39.162, 3.0u1)
t 7
-39.953, 43. Du1)
-41.5-3-6
2.9D4
VIS

-2.6E1

Itl 2. L1 2.404
We to accapt
VIL
at [39.36l, 3.65)
Table valus - Al.51 J.39

sedom 2. 131
I5 s lt)
- (31.241,43. b34)
2.L1> 2.13)
Stu dert 's test
-t
diteanu mean

tal ty tab two sample :

We Ho The tost Aatistic u,
Tho
the röpuláton Lot1s not v0ascnabe

value & dague

yeedom 2.941 wh exe

2.L41< 2.941
cal t k tab t

aueptíngHo ton) Zlx2-a)

mean
inchet
th e opul ction
 52331. - 21 21 i
16L 28- 28- -31. -219 Ex
(15t
841
29 29
129 89L0
Atatistic, Test 21 33
516 lo89 93
900 24
10 30
900 900
-1+6
-2 418 28
-2 +02 geedom
n- Degues
=l| 13-1 -
F-Pe tHo:
-7+6-2
um as Let
yndem
tert tso, .test sarple sample
Anall
5.5450D
l6)CA.501)) +u1) (1(u. tet) Aample small
Given
L0S. 5 heue
than ushothe Test
hese
1
29 24
30 30
27
n
AX|
33 53 32 30 HoTsO
A
29
4ollooing tho
nitn-2
yartieulaM
au time
in the
toactnq
ordi
and A
tetod B
 A

5 5
2.38
2

value B4
at 5 y. Qet degt
4reodom
12 |D 100

Cal t tab t

We ujeting Ho b4

The Horse A ning yastor thao Ht b

Jed on dict A and anothe

8 Dn dlot B. eLoTded A
the
64 512 281
înrease fo wozgtt) lgm)
Dlat A 6 3 A GH
D 8

Does show Buporiori ty diut A ovex diet B.

Hfvon,
C: Amall Aasmple tot] n4n)-2

bwo Aamylos
Amall sample tost. , t tost,
than B0. &o, it
-()o 29-(2)
F 234- (5)
l0.25
\0+ -2 |0. 24

I8h) Il.525
 1.0191 o,13
3921 =9.
(98 -102 124
- 21 t
Atic, taif s fost
yoRdom
3 uparlort y thou diot
diot
A O doesn't Theu<ie
14,
aLeptng
to
We
ttab 2 ttal
Ab.13 = 8 1.14b 0.8894-2
0169 lb59. -
5b8)-(2 5 at t G4valun Table
10.9694) IEl
n16t) tniA>+ hitn2-2
|036 = 72
bulb. Itype 6.4-5
tIyoe tfhat wama to
to
iciant maanls sitgorena t-B
the
Atatstle, Teat
houns houns 36
10
1 heedom Pegres
hous 34 hou7S {234
8
-mecn
data and
:Ho
tho.
tod tos bullo oluuhic
 Tablo g t
aluu at 57
yor DOF 1
-71j
LDS
361 225
9.39 |.71|

tal t tab t
15 225
15
suijauting Ho 19

mean
to syyient to 256 125

bullos tuyorioy
Daart that
to tye 324 22L

blbt.
25 25

Teoo Indupender sizes, and Lonatud

the yellooing valuts

sample I LT 2) L 18
(812
15

14 tho botwcon the Kample man

Gifven, M.k.1.,

n2-1

stne and
letan B0.Oldo, 1+
&mali toxt t -tet

= 2.851

- 15-1
(8)Ch. 5) + L1).t5))
H. 3038

=d.D15
 LOt

(alble

LDS Atatistle ,
valuu

0.9332160
tal DDF 933]It(o
l I1-1bt= t
t D.933 - I.D1132
Ltab 5Att

acceptingto
t
-

2.)6D

vaianu small ti Note: (Test

tottF-
Ajven opulaton
yuem
andB2 the F
karple -diutri Tho
and
kamples
vasiane bution
tost
6, have
15h astlmato statBkticil,

wtIn Lshile ni-1 boon the LDY) vaianie)

n-1 uod
basod
anothet (0T)
5.Both 'a. (or) with daawn, to
dgees
with a Populaticn
gave
vasian u geeedop dugea test
the tom
kamyles ropulation
estimatod quivality
n2-1
IY) - ushich the
taxiane
kample
bQ tuo

15
 EX
fetdom,
loo

-I3-- )

Atati stic u, |5 -1 I4

15
225
9.5
bl

Al Table valu F on
196
dDF 12,14) -2.63

L4
2 , 2.53 18
(al F < tab F

act epting #o 8

botwcen L0.428

Aample vaçanu,
Two ndipendurt 8 and îtem
had
4oloulng volues the vasiable
8
(t. 75) 2 125-( to . u2t) 2
9
15

=3. 39
8 lo

Do fwo eatimatos Populaton vaance

at
na-)

- (1) 3. 19)
Givon, 8-I
(1) -1

Tt Amall Lanpe test

 Tw0 Kandom Aamplos
begas
of a dom, gare the yollauing data
Aize muan varlan

tb. 5 2.5

Can ondude that tha two Aamplor

the hame nonal populatten!

(7. 6) G(íven.

d57et 4mall w

F -tost
to apply
going

test Atatisie,
tslspt
ow.

H.17 - (8)l1:2)_ l. 21
3.95

Table value F et digkaes o eedm t1)l3. 5).2.15

3
L1,)

gudom,(ins

. lesaK 10
accepting Ho
t. Thee
kotween d-5.
repulakion Vanianu. staltaMe,
 - 2.35
l37
(9)It.T1)
=2. D01
t 19.41
Tabla value
fo
ho, 1) d=5. 3.b - l L . 315)
-)

J.001 2.64

LOt

'gniiaat iloenu botwoen the to : = ,)

Populaton veribnt.
and
gaue the guee dom,
dwtaiony
jumtvu espotive
to (60 and
KepeRvdy. an they be
sugarded 4om 7ame nemal gpualin
d5 7.

Given. n9 AtaHstic,

smali amp le tet.

tablo degieli
at

. 5 3 < 3.72
- I1.71 ala

accep ting tBo

n
sgnikieant between tuo

Il 315 Ppulaton vaianu.

 y' tost
L0t
t0)

chi - AquaN tot Ho acdents

Wnethor dl qually koly to bn
hi Aquaxs tost we t
and orpected qyuenda
botween bsoTbod
aLtidonts not aaually ikely to
(D1) not.
days the w00k.
Atatfattc o cht - squaxe
tost Gvon.

5 tpogr0eA,4 uedom ncb

E -Expetd Lquny (0-E) O-E)

E

-n-1 12 1.33

12 5
ApplTcatfons o) loA kauaxe tet :
12 D.T5
Ad to tost he goodnas
0. 33
bot tha Tndepordenca atribute
25 2.0 83

topany atúdor
dusing
GLLent so4ehy ~l0-E)*
Handom ample ocldents 60

sQlectod nd claai Hed by the day

ushluh DLCLHLd, Atattstic,
Day MDn k E(0-E)*
Thus
12
actldorks 1

whethe qable
thoe
ay wldene hat
Ldom t4)
accldenbs mOTO Viely Dn days han oth eYs,
 ac lptng 1able value
1.15
adom [3)
oqualy ikely to DLUY
Thetoye,auldonts
week.
day
& vanination 5DD
sanple analy -31
that 220
Atu dents made .
faund Atude tlo

&d das a0 hare lio tho Joux taoqorias hot

aild I10 haue
hawo
tho et H3 :1
4QCOnd das and
AQLwKEd
jeneal"boltey thàt the fndep endord c alti butos:
thOse iqurcs Apport o tost to tost the
tn Hhe ratio :3:2:) JUpetively, UhaactauEu.
abpvo wegorte An atributo quality or
atr buto A

and dLvt dud.

4 h di vi ded
two

dases. ha Naies aunlos tan be

Ho The
the tateqori e ae 'n the into two
table
Hato 4:3:1:1 resad tho gollowing
H, 1he in the catdgorie de not Io torti gonqp tabletcs
the ato 9:2:1
b

lven, C

d5. Hadom =y - n
7he oxpottod
=4-13
ECa) to tal lo humn total
LO -E) (0-E)?
ECa) (atb)lac)
at btltd

tatlbtd)
ADD At btc+d
150 -J.b6
90
I00 bo ELU) (Ctdstac)
x5D0=
50

tbt Ctd
 No to : tatAtatiate ,

Ilo : Ami butes 1ndpendunt

Hh: Amributos ARA dep endent
(ondfion o ondi tion Housa
child Total
(Y- lC-) diy
Degu 4 adom=
TOD doam 1aD
ushe . no.

no.
Fairly dean 81

Tha tot Atatate y' test s,

dvty 35 HA
owt
|85 It5 B00

Now
-LFJDm tho 1ngormakon itato wh ether
rotal x w.olumn total
Lhld E(*)
tha Onditfon the
A3 arard total (N)
ton difon the hose

Londf Hon tonditon touoeo E

Uhtld
und dirtyY 61
9t 0. 3318

51 5 0.3378

5.3185
Faásty lean 62.28

5 88.1 -18.1 9.0359

35
A8.1 -l3.1 3.8500

30.2 6.3059

The qiven atri butu J5.45

Indepondant
t -he given aitri buto not indepedent uble value deqnoas
eeedom 6.941
Deges udom - -D (C-1)
tkts1 3-)(1-1) value tad Nalue
6. 615.99I
 qiven
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ateon ding d a w o the yolt uing
lhat an uton L(IU0) b00x300
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data.
E (200) 400x100 280
Etonomic |000
tondtHfon JDw.
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LDD0

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Poo 2 40 16o

42D 3.809

lt
(0 -40
8.90hitSl
280 -40 5.T

tto Tha attributo, indepen dent

H attributa not indapon dunt s(0-¬) 31.14
Degucts retdom - (9-)4) value
table
S(2)(3-) deguek Geeed om
=

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.WO
mjecting Ho

Tha
qlven abuto a not
irds pendant.
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Cond] tfon bNote: st)
igh low
FoT Lontgeny table
Rich b00
' (ad -b) (a+ b+ ( d)
160 ta+ bxc+dy ta4c) (b+d)
T00 300