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Mining Methods

There are two main types of mining methods - surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining methods are used when minerals are near the earth's surface and include open pit mining, strip mining, placer mining, and quarrying. Underground mining methods are used when minerals are too deep to access from the surface and involve tunneling and shaft mining. The specific mining method used depends on the location, size, and hardness of the mineral deposit. Mining processes minerals through various steps like crushing, grinding, separating, smelting, leaching, and refining to extract metals.

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Marlennete Urbano Ligas
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18 views

Mining Methods

There are two main types of mining methods - surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining methods are used when minerals are near the earth's surface and include open pit mining, strip mining, placer mining, and quarrying. Underground mining methods are used when minerals are too deep to access from the surface and involve tunneling and shaft mining. The specific mining method used depends on the location, size, and hardness of the mineral deposit. Mining processes minerals through various steps like crushing, grinding, separating, smelting, leaching, and refining to extract metals.

Uploaded by

Marlennete Urbano Ligas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mining Methods

By: Marlennete Urbano Ligas PhD


•There are many different ways to
mine mineral resources from the
Earth. The method that is used
depends where the mineral resource
is located, at the surface or
underground, its size and shape, and
if it is very hard or relatively soft.
1. Surface Mining Methods

•Surface Mining Methods are used when a


mineral resource is at or near the Earth's
surface
•a. Open Pit Mining – which commonly involve
large holes that extract relatively low-grade
metallic ore.
• B. Strip Mining – which extract horizontal
layers of ore or rock.
• c. Placer mining -where gold or diamonds are
extracted from river and beach sediment by
scooping up the sediment and then the ore by
density
• d. Quarrying - refers to surface mining that does not require
complex processing. Quarrying is used to mine sand and
gravel, crushed stone aggregate, many industrial minerals
(like limestone, gypsum and magnetite), and dimension stone
for building material and construction.
2. Underground Mining Methods

• - are used when the mineral deposit is too deep


underground to be practical and economical to
mine from the surface.
• - Processing metallic ore (gold, silver, copper,
iron, etc.) can involve numerous steps including
crushing, grinding, and physical separating.
- Smelting
•heating the ore
minerals with
different chemicals
to extract the metal
Leaching
•using chemicals to
dissolve the metals
from a large volume
of crushed rock.
Gold Cyanidation
•Mining ores is an intensive and
sophisticated process that varies based
on the mineral depending on whether
they are excavated, stripped, or
brought via tunnels and shafts. The
following are the stages of mining ores:
Mining Open it and Underground
Crushing
Transportation
Grinding and Sizing in Mine
Leaching and adsorption
Elution and Electrowinning
Bullion Production
Tailing Disposal

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