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Lecture 13 ECE265A - Supplementary

This document contains lecture slides on communication concepts from ECE 265A Winter 2019. It discusses receiver desensitization and reciprocal mixing, explaining how transmitter phase noise can impact the receiver. It also covers digital modulation techniques like QAM and PAPR, as well as implementations of transmit filters, coherent receivers, and mobile communication standards and bands. Key challenges in SAWless transmitter design like limiting receiver desensitization are presented.

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Abdulrahman Alhamed
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17 views

Lecture 13 ECE265A - Supplementary

This document contains lecture slides on communication concepts from ECE 265A Winter 2019. It discusses receiver desensitization and reciprocal mixing, explaining how transmitter phase noise can impact the receiver. It also covers digital modulation techniques like QAM and PAPR, as well as implementations of transmit filters, coherent receivers, and mobile communication standards and bands. Key challenges in SAWless transmitter design like limiting receiver desensitization are presented.

Uploaded by

Abdulrahman Alhamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 265A – Winter 2019

Lecture 13
Supplementary Material on
Communication Concepts

Vincent Leung

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 1


Rx Desense – Explained (1 of 2)

 On Lecture 14, page 18:


/ ( )/
o
 To see what this is, we shall re-arrange and get:
( )
o
( )
( )
o
 So, this equation evaluates the “sum of noise power (PSD)”.
 The “green” terms have the form of “ ”.
o From the NF ( ) definition* (revisited in Lecture 11, page 13-14), where , and
are the “available Rx noise at the output (not including source noise)”, and “Rx
available power gain”, respectively.
,
,
o
,
o
 Therefore, the “green” terms are the “total available input-referred noise”.

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 * Here, we use 𝐹 to denote the linear value of NF. 2
Rx Desense – Explained (2 of 2)

( )
( )
o
 “Total available input referred noise (Tx on)”
“Total available input referred noise (Tx off)” “Noise contribution from Tx”

 The “red” term is calculated as follows:


o Tx output power =
o The phase noise of Tx LO (at , at the duplex offset frequency) causes
of noise to appear at the Rx band (RxBN) at the Tx
output.
o This noise will be attenuated by 45dB (duplexer) and appear at the Rx input:

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 3


Reciprocal Mixing -- Explained
 On Lecture 14, page 19:
/ ( 𝟏𝟔𝟎)/
o
 This expression has the identical form as that of the “Rx desense” discussed
previously. But bear in mind that it is caused by a totally different mechanism:
o Rx desense:
Tx LO phase noise generates “Tx noise in Rx band”. It leaks into the receiver
o Reciprocal mixing:
Rx LO phase noise down-converts the leaked Tx signal.
 The “purple term” is calculated as follows:
o Tx output power =
o It leaks to the Rx input (attenuated by duplexer):
o This leaked Tx power is down-converted by the phase noise of RxLO (at the
duplex offset frequency), corrupting the Rx signal. This is “equivalent” to having
this amount of noise at the Rx input (at ):

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 4


Digital Modulation Discussion

 Baseband trajectory on the constellations

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 Ref: 5991-1100EN (Keysight) 5


Constellation and EVM

 On rising QAM and EVM

Ref: 5992-2997EN (Keysight)

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 6


QAM & Constellation errors

 QAM and symbol rate


 Constellation errors:

Ref: https://www.keysight.com/upload/cmc_upload/All/3-Digitalmodulation.pdf

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 7


Digital Modulation and PAPR

 Generally speaking:
 The more bandwidth-efficient the
modulation scheme
 The higher the PAPR
 The higher the linearity requirements for the
PA – thus the less efficient
 Thus the bandwidth efficiency trade-off
 Some examples on PAPR (peak to average
power ratio) versus different modulation
scheme:

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 8


Implementation of Tx RRC Filter

 WCDMA – RRC filter of


2

Ref: Improved digital-IF transmitter architecture for


highly integrated W-CDMA mobile terminals, IEEE
Trans. Vehicular Tech., Jan. 2005
© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 9
(Software) Implementation of Coherent Rx
 Carrier and Timing Recovery
 The wireless chip sent out BPSK modulated signal, picked up by the antenna.
 The signal is demodulated by a USRP (Software-defined Radio).

Chip
BPSK (wirelessly tested
Constellation with a coil antenna)

Receiver
(Software
Defined
Radio)

Ref: “Demo: A software-defined radio


for wireless brain implants network”,
ACM MobiCom ‘18, pp. 852-854, Oct.
2018.

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 10


Timeline of Mobile Evolution

 We are at the full commercialization of 4G (LTE-A), and research/


standardization/ launching phase of 5G
o BTW, first mobile phone call was made on April 3, 1973*. (46 years ago!)

Martin Cooper
(Lives in Del Mar, CA  )

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 11


Lots of Bands

 LB: < 1GHz,MB: 1.5 to 2.2GHz,


 HB: 2.4 to 3GHz,
 UHB/LTE-U: >3GHz

iPhone X standard/ band coverage

Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands
https://support.apple.com/kb/SP770?locale=en_US

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 12


Measured TxIC Performances

 Measured RxBN = -160.7dBc/Hz (at 1.9GHz, 4dBm, at 190MHz offset)


 Transmitter gain dynamic range > 100dB (12dBm to -90dBm)
 EVM = 2.5%
 27mA (1.2V supply) at -8dBm Pout
o 53mA at 4mA

pDA Mode Output Power ACLR


Cascaded SAW 8.2 dBm -43.2 dBc

Bypassed SAW-less 4.6 dBm -46.2 dBc

© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 “A configurable multi-band multi-mode transmitter 13


with…”, Symp. VLSI circuits, 2011
Challenge of a SAWless Transmitter

 To limit the amount of RX desensitization to ~0.5dB


o
 Assume NF of the receiver = 2.5dB, 45dB of duplexer isolation, and
+24dBm output power
o TX RxBN should reach -159.5 dBc/Hz
 TX SAW filter is often used to alleviate the TX noise spec
o But they are costly, bulky, and may complicate board layout.
o “SAW-less”  if Tx noise (in Rx band) is low enough

This is a slide from the 2011 presentation


- It shows an example of Rx desense:
• The class should be able to derive the
well-known “9dB below  0.5dB
desense” argument (using the
expression on Lecture 13, page 18)
• The TxLO phase noise spec (-159.5
dBc/Hz at the Rx offset) is derived from it

“A configurable multi-band multi-mode transmitter with…”,


© Leung, ECE265A Winter 2019 Symp. VLSI circuits, 2011 14

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