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FW#02-Differential Leveling

This document describes a fieldwork exercise on differential leveling using an automatic level. The objectives are to learn how to set up the level, identify its parts, and determine elevation differences between points. The procedure involves designating benchmark points, taking backsight and foresight rod readings, and performing calculations to find elevations. Keeping backsight and foresight distances equal reduces instrumental and natural errors. Centering the bubble and holding the rod vertically also helps minimize errors from the leveling process.

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AshTzy Official
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33 views

FW#02-Differential Leveling

This document describes a fieldwork exercise on differential leveling using an automatic level. The objectives are to learn how to set up the level, identify its parts, and determine elevation differences between points. The procedure involves designating benchmark points, taking backsight and foresight rod readings, and performing calculations to find elevations. Keeping backsight and foresight distances equal reduces instrumental and natural errors. Centering the bubble and holding the rod vertically also helps minimize errors from the leveling process.

Uploaded by

AshTzy Official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fieldwork No.

02
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING USING THE AUTOMATIC LEVEL

I. Objectives

a. To know how to set-up and manipulate the engineer’s level.


b. To identify and describe the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level.
c. To learn the different technical terms associated in leveling works.
d. To determine the difference in elevation between two points on the ground

II. Instruments

1 unit - Engineer’s Level 1 pc - Tripod


1 pc - leveling rod 5 pcs - marking pins 1
pc – 50-meter tape

III. Procedure

A. Instrument Demonstration

a. Identification of the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level.


b. Setting up and leveling the engineer’s level.
c. Leveling rod reading.

B. Measuring the difference in elevation between two points on the ground and to
compute the elevation of points on the ground based on other points whose elevation is
known.

a. Designate an arbitrary point in the field as a reference point of the level route as BM1.
Assume a certain elevation for BM1.
b. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location between BM1 and the points
whose elevations are desired. Take and record the rod reading on BM1 (Backsight).
c. The rodman then moves forward and position the rod on top of the points whose
elevations are desired. Take and record the rod readings (Foresights) on those points.
d. Compute the corresponding elevation of the points.

C. Differential Leveling

a. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM1 and the final or
terminal point as BM2.
b. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location along the level route. Take
and record a backsight on BM1.
c. The rodman then moves forward along the level route to some well defined point TP1
(Turning Point – 1).
d. Set up and level the instrument in a new position beyond TP1, then take and record
a backsight on TP1.
e. The rodman again, moves further ahead and establishes TP2. Take and record a foresight
on TP2.
f. The process is continued until a foresight is taken on the final point BM2. Perform the
necessary computations and show the customary arithmetic check.

Remarks:

1. To reduce instrumental and natural errors, keep the backsight distance approximately equal to the
corresponding foresight distance.
2. The telescope bubble must be centered at the instant of sighting and the rod must be held vertical and
steady.
3. Turning points should be well defined such as the top of a firm rock, the top of a fire hydrant, or a peg
driven on the ground.
4. The tripod legs should be driven firmly into the ground and care should be taken not to disturb the
instrument after it is leveled.
5. When using an instrument equipped with stadia hairs, care must be exercised to read the middle cross-
hair.
6. The level is a delicate instrument so care must be taken to protect it from shock or sudden jolt and moisture.

IV. Findings

1. List down and describe the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level.

2. Differentiate a level surface from a horizontal surface.

3. Define the following:


a. Datum line

b. Elevation of a point

c. Backsight and Foresight

d. Turning Point
e. Bench Mark (BM)

f. Height of Instrument (H.I.)

4. Tabulate your data and computations.

Table 1. Level Notes

BS HI FS Elev
Station Remarks
(m) (m) (m) (m)

BM 1

TP 1

TP 2

TP 3

TP 4

BM 2

Sample Computations:

5. It is recommended to keep the backsight and foresight distance approximately equal to reduce
instrumental and natural errors. Identify the type error involved in this case and explain why
and illustrate.

6. The telescope bubble must be centered at the instant of sighting and the rod must be held
vertical and steady. Explain the error involved in this case and illustrate.

V. Conclusion

VI. Sketch

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