1 Data

volume of tank 400 m3 σcbt 2 N/mm2

depth of water 4 m σst 115 N/mm2
free board 0.25 m m 13.00
concrete grade 20 N/mm2 k 0.442
steel grade 415 N/mm2 j 0.853
unit weight of concrete γc 25 KN/m3 R 1.318
unit weight of water γw 9.8 KN/m3 3 diameter
2 design constants D 11.7 m 8
σcbc 7 N/mm2 Ht 3.75 m 8.04
σct 1.2 N/mm2 10
0.022
1 Design of wall H coeff HT BM coeff BM
assume thickness of wall 170 mm 0.0H -0.001 -0.23 0
assume clear cover cc 45 mm 0.1H 0.104 23.82 0.0000 0
H2/Dt= 8.04 0.2H 0.218 49.94 0.0001 0.06
referring IS 3370 PATR IV 0.3H 0.354 81.25 0.0008 0.50
BM coefficient +ve 0.0038 0.4H 0.445 102.01 0.0008 0.50
BM coefficient -ve -0.0146 0.5H 0.534 122.50 0.0016 1.00
hoop tension coefficient 0.5757 0.6H 0.576 132.03 0.0028 1.76
shear force coefficient 0.1736 0.7H 0.531 121.84 0.0038 2.39
a design bending moment 0.8H 0.382 87.67 0.0029 1.82
M-VE=coeff*g*H^3 9.18 KNm 0.9H 0.152 34.77 -0.0022 -1.37
b design shear force 1.0H 0 -0.0146 -9.18
F=coeff*g*H^2 27.23 KN
σct,act=T/bt 0.78 N/mm2
σcbt,act=M/bt 0.05 N/mm2
σct,act/σct+σcbt,act/σcbt<=1 0.42 ok
c design hoop tension
T=coeff*g*H*D/2 132.03 KN
at 0.3H hoop tension coefficent is 1.33 m
coeff at 1.5m 0.000
Tat 0.3H=coeff*g*H*D/2 0.00 KN
which is less than half of T 1.00
d Depth or thickness required
dreq=√M/R*b 83.45 mm
total thickness provided 170.0 mm
assume clear cover c 45.0 mm
and φ of 12.0
dprov=t-cc 119.0
ok
a Area of steel for BM 9.18 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 786.82 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
ok
using f 12mm bar
Spacing s= 140.00 mm
Ast act 807.84 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 170mm c/c at inner
face in vertical direction curtailing half of the 12mm bar 140mm c/c 0.20
bar
b Area of steel for hoop tension 100 0.3
Ast,min=t/2*1000*ρ% 476.00 mm2 170 0.28
Ast=T/sst 1,148.06 mm2 450 0.2
 Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares
using ø 12mm bar
Spacing s= 90.00 mm
Ast act 1,256.64 mm2

hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up to a

height of 2m=4/2 from the base and provide 12mm bar 90mm c/c 1.3m
12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the rest

hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up to a

height of 2m=4/2 from the base and provide 12mm bar 180mm c/c 1.3m
12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the rest

check for permissible direct tensile stress in

c
concrete
σct=T/(1000l+(m-1)Ast<=σct,allow 0.72 ok
maximum posetive moment
max +ve BM at 0.8H 2.39 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 132.55 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
hence, Ast req=Ast min 595.00 not ok
using f 10mm bar
Spacing s= 130.00
Ast act 604.15 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 215mm c/c at outer
face in vertical direction curtailing half of the 10mm bar 130mm c/c
bar
check for shear
nominal shear stress V/bd 27.2 KN
tv 0.2288 N/mm2
permissible shear stress in concrete tc
tc=100Ast/bd 0.5000 N/mm2
shear design is not required

2 Roof Slab
Diameter of circular slab 5.935
Grade of concrete 30
Grade of steel 415
unit Weight of concrete 25
assume ts= 200
Design Load
Live load 1.00
Dead Load 5.00
Design Load 9.30
Moment Calculation
at cemter
(Mq)at center=(Mr)atcenter=3/16*wa^2
a=radius 5.935
(Mq)at center=(Mr)at edge=3/16*wa^2 61.42
(Mq)at center= 0.00
at edge
(Mq)at edge=2/16*wa^2 40.95
max shear force 27.60
Computation of effective depth d
d=(Mu/Rb*b)^0.5 215.84
0.00
 therefore provide dpro= 200.00
using 12.00
30.00
davai= 164.00
152.00
Area of steel Computation
Ast= 4,120.62
for 16mm bar spacing 20.00
hence provide 12mm mesh at 20mm c/c
Ast,act 5655mm2

hence provide the reinforcement in the form of mesh consisting of 16mm bars at
80mm c/c each of the two layers at right angles to each other. Near edges, the
bars do not have proper anchorage since they are free. There will be slipping
tendency and hence bars will not be capable of tking any tension. at the edges,
radial tensile stresses are zero, but circumfrential tensile stresses exists because
of (Mꝋ)c=26.42*10^6 N-mm. the tendency of slipping can be avoided by
providing extra circumfrential steel, in the form of rings placed in a width equal to
the bond length of mesh bars.

available d= 140.00
therefore
As,ꝋ= 2,982.54
spacing of 30.00
hence provide 12mm ring bar at 30mm c/c
Ast,act 3770mm2
(Mq)at edge is 2/3 of maximum Mq at center.
The circumfrential steel will be provided for a 360.00
length of 2/3*(45φ)

hence provide rings of 16mm bar at 100mm

13.00
c/c, total rings is equal to
hence provide 13No12mmcircumfrential bar
1470mm2
check for shear
maximum shear force at edge Fr=1/2*w*a 27.60

τv 0.18

Check thickness for flexure

3 Base slab design

assume thickness 350 mm
assume clear concrete cover cc 30 mm
pressure due to wt of water 39.2 KN/m2
own weight 8.75 KN/m2
UDL w= 47.95 KN/m2
effective span a 6.02 m
i cercumfrential moment
at center
M=wr^2/16 108.6 KNm
at edge
M=0 0
ii radial moment
at center
M=wr2/16 108.6 KNm
at edge
M=-2/16*wr2 -217.2 KNm
 hence maximum bending moment is 108.6 KNm
iii check for depth
dreq=sqr(M/R*b) 287.01 mm

hence provides a base slab with a depth of 320 mm

320mm and effective cover of 30mm

ok
a steel for -ve BM
Ast=M/fs*j*d 3,460.9 mm2

provede fmm bar 16mm bar

spacing of bar s is 110.00 mm

hence provide 30mm bar at 165mm c/c

radially at edge up to a distance of 0.25L. 16mm bar 110mm c/c

radial length 3 m
Ast act 3,655.7 mm2
b steel for positive BM
Ast=M/fs*j*d 3,460.9 mm2
provede 30mm bar 16mm bar
spacing of bar s is 110.00 mm

hence provide 20mm bar at 145mm c/c in

16mm bar 110mm c/c
both directions as a mesh at the bottom face

Ast act 3,655.7 mm2

c check for shear
F=V= 144.3295 KN
tv=V/bd 0.451 N/mm2
pt=Ast*100/bd 1.1424
0.75 0.37
1.1424 0.4328
1 0.41
tc= 0.433 N/mm2
if tc<tv shear design is not required shear desig is required
Sh coef
0.1736 0 HT
0.4 140.00 HT
0.8 120.00
1.2 100.00
1.6 80.00
2 60.00
2.4 40.00
2.8 20.00
3.2 0.00
3.6 -20.00 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4
4

4
BM BM
2
0
-2 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4
-4
-6
-8
-10
1 Data
volume of tank 200 m3 σcbt 2 N/mm2
depth of water 4 m σst 115 N/mm2
free board 0 m m 13.33
concrete grade 20 N/mm2 k 0.448
steel grade 415 N/mm2 j 0.851
unit weight of concrete γc 25 KN/m3 R 1.334
unit weight of water γw 9.8 KN/m3 3 diameter
2 design constants D 8 m
σcbc 7 N/mm2 Ht 4 m
σct 1.2 N/mm2

1 Design of wall
assume thickness of wall 170
assume clear cover cc 35 mm 0.882
H2/Dt= 11.76 10 H coeff HT BM coeff BM Sh coef
referring IS 3370 PATR IV 0.0H -0.005 -0.71 0 0.1599
BM coefficient +ve 0.0026 12 0.1H 0.097 15.23 0.0000 0
BM coefficient -ve -0.0106 0.2H 0.203 31.78 -0.0001 -0.06
hoop tension coefficient 0.6278 0.3H 0.313 49.12 0.0001 0.06
shear force coefficient 0.1599 0.4H 0.430 67.41 0.0002 0.14
a design bending moment 0.5H 0.543 85.12 0.0008 0.49
M-VE=coeff*g*H^3 6.66 KNm 0.6H 0.626 98.10 0.0014 0.86
b design shear force 0.7H 0.628 98.44 0.0024 1.49
F=coeff*g*H^2 25.07 KN 0.8H 0.488 76.46 0.0026 1.62
σct,act=T/bt 0.58 N/mm2 0.9H 0.207 32.49 -0.0006 -0.35
σcbt,act=M/bt 0.04 N/mm2 1.0H 0 -0.0106 -6.66
σct,act/σct+σcbt,act/σcbt<=1 0.32 ok
c design hoop tension
T=coeff*g*H*D/2 98.44 KN
at 0.3H hoop tension coefficent is 1.33 m
coeff at 1.5m 0.000
Tat 0.3H=coeff*g*H*D/2 0.00 KN
which is less than half of T 1.00
d Depth or thickness required
dreq=√M/R*b 70.64 mm
total thickness provided 170.0 mm
assume clear cover c 35.0 mm
and φ of 10.0 mm
dprov=t-cc 130.0 mm
ok
a Area of steel for BM 6.66 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 523.35 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
revise
using f 10mm bar
Spacing s= 150.00 mm
Ast act 523.60 mm2

hence provide f12mm bar 170mm c/c at inner face 10mm bar 150mm c/c 0.20
in vertical direction curtailing half of the bar

b Area of steel for hoop tension 100 0.3

Ast,min=t/2*1000*ρ% 476.00 mm2 170 0.28
Ast=T/sst 856.02 mm2 450 0.2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares
using ø 10mm bar
Spacing s= 90.00 mm
Ast act 872.67 mm2
 hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up to a
height of 2m=4/2 from the base and provide 12mm 10mm bar 90mm c/c 1.3m
bar at 180=90*2 for the rest

hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up to a

height of 2m=4/2 from the base and provide 12mm 10mm bar 180mm c/c 1.3m
bar at 180=90*2 for the rest

c check for permissible direct tensile stress in

concrete
σct=T/(1000l+(m-1)Ast<=σct,allow 0.55 ok
d maximum posetive moment
max +ve BM at 0.8H 1.62 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 81.41 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
hence, Ast req=Ast min 595.00 not ok
using f 10mm bar
Spacing s= 130.00
Ast act 604.15 mm2

hence provide f12mm bar 215mm c/c at outer face 10mm bar 130mm c/c
in vertical direction curtailing half of the bar

check for shear

nominal shear stress V/bd 25.1 KN
tv 0.1928 N/mm2
permissible shear stress in concrete t c
tc=100Ast/bd 0.4577 N/mm2
shear design is not required

2 Roof Slab
Diameter of circular slab 4.085
Grade of concrete 30
Grade of steel 415
unit Weight of concrete 25
assume ts= 200
Design Load
Live load 1.00
Dead Load 5.00
Design Load 9.30
Moment Calculation
at cemter
(Mq)at center=(Mr)atcenter=3/16*wa^2
a=radius 4.085
(Mq)at center=(Mr)at edge=3/16*wa^2 29.10
(Mq)at center= 0.00
at edge
(Mq)at edge=2/16*wa^2 19.40
max shear force 19.00
Computation of effective depth d
d=(Mu/Rb*b)^0.5 147.70
the section is under reinforced
therefore provide dpro= 200.00
using 12.00
30.00
davai= 164.00
152.00
Area of steel Computation
Ast= 1,956.89
for 16mm bar spacing 50.00
hence provide 12mm mesh at 50mm c/c
Ast,act 2262mm2
 hence provide the reinforcement in the form of mesh consisting of 16mm bars at
80mm c/c each of the two layers at right angles to each other. Near edges, the bars do
not have proper anchorage since they are free. There will be slipping tendency and
hence bars will not be capable of tking any tension. at the edges, radial tensile stresses
are zero, but circumfrential tensile stresses exists because of (M ꝋ)c=26.42*10^6 N-
mm. the tendency of slipping can be avoided by providing extra circumfrential steel, in
the form of rings placed in a width equal to the bond length of mesh bars.

available d= 140.00
therefore
As,ꝋ= 1,416.42
spacing of 70.00
hence provide 12mm ring bar at 70mm c/c
Ast,act 1616mm2
(Mq)at edge is 2/3 of maximum Mq at center. The
circumfrential steel will be provided for a length of 360.00
2/3*(45φ)

hence provide rings of 16mm bar at 100mm c/c, 7.00

total rings is equal to
hence provide 7No12mmcircumfrential bar
792mm2
check for shear
maximum shear force at edge Fr=1/2*w*a 19.00
τv 0.12

Check thickness for flexure

3 Base slab design

assume thickness 350 mm
assume clear concrete cover cc 30 mm
pressure due to wt of water 39.2 KN/m2
own weight 8.75 KN/m2
UDL w= 47.95 KN/m2
effective span a Err:508 m
i cercumfrential moment
at center
M=wr^2/16 Err:508 KNm
at edge
M=0 0
ii radial moment
at center
M=wr2/16 Err:508 KNm
at edge
M=-2/16*wr2 Err:508 KNm
hence maximum bending moment is Err:508 KNm
iii check for depth
dreq=sqr(M/R*b) Err:508 mm
hence provides a base slab with a depth of 320mm 320 mm
and effective cover of 30mm
Err:508
a steel for -ve BM
Ast=M/fs*j*d Err:508 mm2

provede fmm bar 16mm bar

spacing of bar s is Err:508 mm
hence provide 30mm bar at 165mm c/c radially at
16mm bar Err:508
edge up to a distance of 0.25L.
radial length 2 m
 Ast act Err:508 mm2
b steel for positive BM
Ast=M/fs*j*d Err:508 mm2
provede 30mm bar 16mm bar
spacing of bar s is Err:508 mm
hence provide 20mm bar at 145mm c/c in both
16mm bar Err:508
directions as a mesh at the bottom face
Ast act Err:508 mm2
c check for shear
F=V= Err:508 KN
tv=V/bd Err:508 N/mm2
pt=Ast*100/bd Err:508
0.75 0.37
Err:508 Err:508
1 0.41
tc= Err:508 N/mm2
if tc<tv shear design is not required Err:508
 0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4
1 Data
volume of tank 400 m3
depth of water 4 m
σ free board 0.2 m
concrete grade 20 N/mm2
steel grade 415 N/mm2
unit weight of concrete γc 25 KN/m3
unit weight of water γw 9.8 KN/m3
2 design constants
σcbc 7 N/mm2
σct 1.2 N/mm2
σcbt 2 N/mm2
σst 150 N/mm2
m=280/3σcbc 13.33
k=mscbc/(mscbc+sst) 0.442
j=1-k/3 0.853
R=1/2*scbc*k*j 1.318
3 diameter
D= 10 m
Ht=Hw+Fb 3.8 m
K=48H
^4/
1 Design of wall (D^2*T
^2)
assume thickness of wall 160 mm
assume clear cover cc 35 mm h
H2/Dt= 10.00
referring IS 3370 PATR IV
BM coefficient +ve 0.0134
hoop tension coefficient 0.6062
shear force coefficient 0.0000
a design bending moment
M-VE=coeff*g*H^3 8.43 KNm
b design shear force
F=coeff*g*H^2 0.00 KN
σct,act 0.19 N/mm2
σcbt,act 0.05 N/mm2
σct,act/σct+σcbt,act/σcbt<=1 0.13 ok
c design hoop tension
T=coeff*g*H*D/2 29.71 KN
at 0.3H hoop tension coefficent is 2.32 m
d Depth or thickness required
dreq=√M/R*b 79.96 mm
total thickness provided 160.0 mm
assume clear cover c 35.0 mm
and φ of 12.0
dprov=t-cc 119.0
ok
a Area of steel for BM 8.43 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 553.82 mm2 0.17
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 362.06 mm2 100 0.24
ok 160 0.226
 using f 12mm bar 450 0.16
Spacing s= 200.00 mm
Ast act 565.49 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 170mm c/c at
inner face in vertical direction curtailing 12mm bar 200mm c/c
half of the bar
b Area of steel for hoop tension 0.17
Ast,min=t/2*1000*ρ% 181.03 mm2 100 0.24
Ast=T/sst 198.04 mm2 160 0.226
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 450 0.16
using ø 12mm bar
Spacing s= 570.00 mm
Ast act 198.42 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
12mm bar 570mm c/c 2.0m
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest
hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
12mm bar ### 2.0m
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest
check for permissible direct tensile
c
stress in concrete
σct=T/(1000l+(m-1)Ast<=σct,allow 0.18 ok
maximum posetive moment
max +ve BM at 0.8H 8.43 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 358.20 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 560.00 mm2
hence, Ast req=Ast min 560.00 not ok
using f 10mm bar
Spacing s= 140.00
Ast act 561.00 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 215mm c/c at
outer face in vertical direction curtailing 10mm bar 140mm c/c
half of the bar
check for shear
nominal shear stress V/bd 0.0 KN
tv 0.0000 N/mm2
permissible shear stress in concrete tc
tc=100Ast/bd 0.4706 N/mm2
shear design is not required

2 Roof Slab
Diameter of circular slab 5.080
Grade of concrete 30
Grade of steel 415
unit Weight of concrete 25
assume ts= 200
Design Load
Live load 1.00
Dead Load 5.00
Design Load 9.30
Moment Calculation
at cemter
(Mq)at center=(Mr)atcenter=3/16*wa^2
a=radius 5.080
(Mq)at center=(Mr)at edge=3/16*wa^2 45.00
(Mq)at center= 0.00
at edge
(Mq)at edge=2/16*wa^2 30.00
max shear force 23.62
Computation of effective depth d
d=(Mu/Rb*b)^0.5 184.75
the section is under reinforced
therefore provide dpro= 200.00
using 12.00
30.00
davai= 164.00
152.00
Area of steel Computation
Ast= 2,314.49
for 16mm bar spacing 40.00
hence provide the reinforcement in the
hence provide 12mm mesh at 40mm c/c
form of mesh consisting of 16mm bars at
Ast,act
80mm c/c each of the two layers at right 2827mm2
angles to each other. Near edges, the bars
do not have proper anchorage since they
are free. There will be slipping tendency
and hence bars will not be capable of
tking any tension. at the edges, radial
tensile stresses are zero, but circumfrential
tensile stresses exists because of
(Mꝋ)c=26.42*10^6 N-mm. the tendency
of slipping can be avoided by providing
extra circumfrential
available d= steel, in the form of 140.00
rings placed in a width equal to the bond
therefore
length of mesh bars.
As,ꝋ= 1,675.25
spacing of 60.00
hence provide 12mm ring bar at 60mm c/c
Ast,act 1885mm2
(Mq)at edge is 2/3 of maximum Mq at
center. The circumfrential steel will be 360.00
provided for a length of 2/3*(45φ)
hence provide rings of 16mm bar at
7.00
100mm c/c, total rings is equal to
hence provide 7No12mmcircumfrential bar
792mm2
check for shear
maximum shear force at edge Fr=1/2*w*a 23.62
τv 0.16

Check thickness for flexure

1000 0.024pH2 0.47p(D/2)

4800 0.0134408 0.60624825

10000 0.0085pH2 0.67p(D/2)

0.5789986
1 Data
volume of tank 400 m3 σcbt 2 N/mm2
depth of water 4 m σst 150 N/mm2
σ free board 0.2 m m=280/3σ
13.33
cbc

concrete grade 20 N/mm2 k=msc 0.442

steel grade 415 N/mm2 j=1-k 0.853
unit weight of concrete γc 25 KN/m3 R=1/2*s1.318
cbc*k*j

unit weight of water γw 9.8 KN/m3 3 diameter

2 design constants D= 10 m
σcbc 7 N/mm2 Ht=H 3.8 m
σct 1.2 N/mm2

1 Design of wall H/T H/D

assume thickness of wall 170 mm 23.5294 0.4
assume clear cover cc 35 mm
H2/Dt= 9.41 20 0.4
referring IS 3370 PATR IV 23.5294 0.4
BM coefficient F 30 0.4
hoop tension coefficient K
shear force coefficient
a design bending moment
M-VE=F*γw*H^3 7.90 KNm
c design hoop tension
T=γw*H*D/2*(1-K) 122.33 KN
Position of maximum ring tension = K . H 1.50 m
d Depth or thickness required
dreq=√M/R*b 77.38 mm
total thickness provided 170.0 mm
assume clear cover c 35.0 mm
and φ of 12.0
dprov=t-cc 129.0
ok
a Area of steel for BM
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 478.48 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
revise
using f 12mm bar
Spacing s= 230.00 mm
Ast act 491.73 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 170mm c/c at
inner face in vertical direction curtailing 12mm bar 230mm c/c
half of the bar
b Area of steel for hoop tension
Ast,min=t/2*1000*ρ% 297.50 mm2
Ast=T/sst 815.51 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares
using ø 12mm bar
Spacing s= 130.00 mm
Ast act 869.98 mm2
 hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
12mm bar 130mm c/c 2.0m
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest
hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
12mm bar 260mm c/c 2.0m
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest
check for permissible direct tensile
c
stress in concrete
σct=T/(1000l+(m-1)Ast<=σct,allow 0.68 ok
maximum posetive moment
max +ve BM at 0.8H 0.00 KNm
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 0.00 mm2
Ast min=0.35*crossectional ares 595.00 mm2
hence, Ast req=Ast min 595.00 not ok
using f 10mm bar
Spacing s= 130.00
Ast act 604.15 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 215mm c/c at
outer face in vertical direction curtailing 10mm bar 130mm c/c
half of the bar
check for shear
nominal shear stress V/bd KN
tv N/mm2
permissible shear stress in concrete tc
tc=100Ast/bd 0.4612 N/mm2
shear design is not required

2 Roof Slab
Diameter of circular slab 5.085
Grade of concrete 30
Grade of steel 415
unit Weight of concrete 25
assume ts= 200
Design Load
Live load 1.00
Dead Load 5.00
Design Load 9.30
Moment Calculation
at cemter
(Mq)at center=(Mr)atcenter=3/16*wa^2
a=radius 5.085
(Mq)at center=(Mr)at edge=3/16*wa^2 45.09
(Mq)at center= 0.00
at edge
(Mq)at edge=2/16*wa^2 30.06
max shear force 23.65
Computation of effective depth d
d=(Mu/Rb*b)^0.5 184.93
the section is under reinforced
therefore provide dpro= 200.00
using 12.00
30.00
davai= 164.00
152.00
Area of steel Computation
Ast= 2,319.04
for 16mm bar spacing 40.00
hence provide the reinforcement in the
hence provide 12mm mesh at 40mm c/c
form of mesh consisting of 16mm bars at
Ast,act
80mm c/c each of the two layers at right 2827mm2
angles to each other. Near edges, the bars
do not have proper anchorage since they
are free. There will be slipping tendency
and hence bars will not be capable of
tking any tension. at the edges, radial
tensile stresses are zero, but circumfrential
tensile stresses exists because of
(Mꝋ)c=26.42*10^6 N-mm. the tendency
of slipping can be avoided by providing
extra circumfrential
available d= steel, in the form of 140.00
rings placed in a width equal to the bond
therefore
length of mesh bars.
As,ꝋ= 1,678.55
spacing of 60.00
hence provide 12mm ring bar at 60mm c/c
Ast,act 1885mm2
(Mq)at edge is 2/3 of maximum Mq at
center. The circumfrential steel will be 360.00
provided for a length of 2/3*(45φ)
hence provide rings of 16mm bar at
7.00
100mm c/c, total rings is equal to
hence provide 7No12mmcircumfrential bar
792mm2
check for shear
maximum shear force at edge Fr=1/2*w*a 23.65
τv 0.16

Check thickness for flexure

 F K
0.014 0.39
0.01258824 0.3758824
0.01 0.35
1 Data
volume of tank 200 m3 σcbt 2 N/mm2
depth of water 4 m σst 115 N/mm2
σ free board 0 m m 13.33
concrete grade 20 N/mm2 k 0.448
steel grade 415 N/mm2 j 0.851
unit weight of concrete γc 25 KN/m3 R 1.334
unit weight of water γw 10 KN/m3 3 diameter
2 design constants D= 8 m
σcbc 7 N/mm2 Ht=Hw+Fb 4 m
σct 1.2 N/mm2

1 Design of wall 0.352941176

assume thickness of wall 170 H/T H/D F
assume clear cover cc 35 mm 20 0.50 0.012
H/D 0.50 23.53 0.50 0.0109
H/t 23.53 30 0.50 0.009
a design bending moment
M=F*γw*H^3 7.0024 KNm
c design hoop tension
T=γw*H*D/2*(1-K) 103.62 KN
Position of maximum ring tension = K . H 1.41 m
d Depth or thickness required
dreq=√M/R*b 72.46 mm
total thickness provided 170 mm
assume clear cover c 35 mm
and φ of 12
dprov=t-cc 129
ok
a Area of steel for BM
Ast=M/sst*j*dreq 554.88 mm2
Ast min=0.3*crossectional ares 510.00 mm2
ok
using f 12mm bar
Spacing s= 200.00 mm
Ast act 565.49 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 200mm c/c at
inner face in vertical direction curtailing 12mm bar 200mm c/c
half of the bar
b Area of steel for hoop tension 100 0.3
Ast,min=t/2*1000*ρ% 238.00 mm2 170 0.28
Ast=T/sst 901.07 mm2 450 0.2
Ast min=0.28*crossectional ares
using ø 12mm bar
Spacing s= 120.00 mm
Ast act 942.48 mm2
hence provide f12mm bar 90mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
12mm bar 120mm c/c 1.4m
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest
check for permissible direct tensile
c
stress in concrete
 σct=T/(1000l+(m-1)Ast<=σct,allow 0.57 thickness is adequate for no cracks
d distribution Steel
476.00 mm2
using ø 8mm bar
Spacing s= 100.00 mm
Ast act 502.66 mm2
hence provide f8mm bar 100mm c/c at up
to a height of 2m=4/2 from the base and
8mm bar 100mm c/c
provide 12mm bar at 180=90*2 for the
rest

e check for shear

nominal shear stress V/bd KN
tv N/mm2
permissible shear stress in concrete tc
tc=100Ast/bd 0.3897 N/mm2
shear design is not required

2 Roof Slab
Diameter of circular slab 8.0
Grade of concrete 30
Grade of steel 415
unit Weight of concrete 25
assume ts= 200
Design Load
Live load 1.00
Dead Load 5.00
Design Load 9.30
Moment Calculation
at cemter
(Mq)at center=(Mr)atcenter=3/16*wa^2
a=radius 8.000
(Mq)at center=(Mr)at edge=3/16*wa^2 111.60
(Mq)at center= 0.00
at edge
(Mq)at edge=2/16*wa^2 74.40
max shear force 37.20
Computation of effective depth d
d=(Mu/Rb*b)^0.5 289.25
0.00
therefore provide dpro= 200.00
using 12.00
30.00
davai= 164.00
152.00
Area of steel Computation
Ast= 7,505.22
for 16mm bar spacing 10.00
hence provide 12mm mesh at 10mm c/c
Ast,act 11310mm2
hence provide the reinforcement in the
form of mesh consisting of 16mm bars at
80mm c/c each of the two layers at right
angles to each other. Near edges, the bars
do not have proper anchorage since they
are free. There will be slipping tendency
and hence bars will not be capable of
tking any tension. at the edges, radial
tensile stresses are zero, but circumfrential
tensile stresses exists because of
(Mꝋ)c=26.42*10^6 N-mm. the tendency
of slipping can be avoided by providing
extra circumfrential
available d= steel, in the form of 140.00
rings placed in a width equal to the bond
therefore
length of mesh bars.
As,ꝋ= 5,432.35
spacing of 20.00
hence provide 12mm ring bar at 20mm c/c
Ast,act 5655mm2
(Mq)at edge is 2/3 of maximum Mq at
center. The circumfrential steel will be 360.00
provided for a length of 2/3*(45φ)
hence provide rings of 16mm bar at
19.00
100mm c/c, total rings is equal to
hence provide 19No12mmcircumfrential bar
2149mm2
check for shear
maximum shear force at edge Fr=1/2*w*a 37.20
τv 0.24

Check thickness for flexure

 K
0.37
0.3524
0.32
Data
Capacity of tank 2,500
Safe bearing capacity of soil 75
Free Board 0.15
M – 30 grade concrete 30
Fe-415 grade tor steel 415
for calculations relating to resistance to cracking
(IS: 3370)
sct 1.5
scbt 2.0
For strength calculations the stresses in
concrete and steel are same as that
recommended in IS:456
scbc 10
scc 8
sst 150
M – 30 grade concrete 9.33
k 0.38
j 0.87
R 1.67
Assuming a clear height of the tank as 5.25
Clear base 490.20
Assuming the clear dimensions of the tank as
followings
Height = 5.4 m 5.4
length = 24.6 m 24.6
width = 19.6 m 19.6

Design Of Vertical Wall

a)      Working Stress Method

The lengths of the walls (20 m and 25 m) are

larger when compared with the height. The
walls will act as cantilevered from the base with
some end constraints.

The bending moment coefficients are taken

from table 3 of IS 3370 (Part IV)-1965 R-1999

cxa = -.02 -0.02

cyb = -0.063 -0.06
cyc = -0.03 0.03
The corresponding bending moments are :
Mxa cxa . y . H3 -28.94
MYb cYb . y . H3 -91.16
MYc cYc . y . H3 43.41
The axial load coming on the wall from the roof
slab for the 2.5 m width is
Ps = w L/2 = 9.5 × 2.5/2 11.88

Let the self weight of the wall for 300 mm

40.50
average thickness ( assumed ) be Pg =

Total axial force 52.38

At the bottom of the wall the bending causes

tension in the concrete on the water face, so
the design of the section is controlled by
M/Z-P/A=scbt
The bending moment and the axial force at the
base are
M = (-Myb) 91.16
P= 52.38
6M/t^2-P/t<=scbt=2
t=((6M-P)/scbt)^0.5 0

The effective thickness of the wall is also

obtained for comparison by the cracked theory.

J = 0.90 0.90
, K = 0.29 0.29
Neglecting the effect of the axial force, we have
d= 233.48
Provide 520 mm thickness 520
As per IS 3370-1965
Then the area of the tension reinforcement is 1,340.05
Minimum Steel Required 1,040
As per IS 3370-2009
Then the area of the tension reinforcement is 1,546.21
Minimum Steel Required 1,820

Provide 18 mm bars at 120 mm spacing on the

inner face at the bottom of the wall. As the
bending moment at the mid height of the tank is
positive, all the bars can be curtailed or cranked
at mid height.

Limit State Design Method :

M = 0.138 fck . b .d2
d 148.39
provide 200 mm 200.00
Providing a clear cover of about 30 mm, the
overall thickness of the wall needed is about
230 mm . However, the smaller value is 30.00
selected.
t 230.00
Area of Steel Required 1,569.07
provide 16 mm dia bars 16.00
spacing 120
check for crack width
Minimum Reinforcement
 Design Example 18.1. Design a T-shaped cantilever retaining wall to retain earth
embankment 3m high above ground level. The unit weight of earth is 18KN/m3 and
its angle of repose is 30 degree. The embankment is horizontal at its top. The safe
bearing capacity of soil may be taken as 100kN/m2 and the coefficient of friction
between soil and concrete as 0.5 Use M15 mix. Take sst= 140N/mm2

1 Design conslanls
For M 20 concrete and mild steel
reinforcement we have the following values

c=σcbc 7
t=σst 140
m 19
k 0.404
j 0.865
R 0.874
2 Depth of Foundation
ɤ 18
θ 30
qa 200
4
the minimum depth of foundation is
γmin=qa/γ((1-sinθ)/(1+sinθ)) 1.2
However, keep depth = 1m to accommodate
thickness of base wall below the ground 1.2
surface
Hence height of wall above its base 5.2
3 Dimensions of Base
Thickness of base slab=(1/10 to1/14)H 450
the ratio of length of toe base (DE) to the
0.03
base width b is α=1-qa/2.2yH
the width of the base is given by
b=0.95H(Ka/(1-α)(1+3α))^0.5
Ka=(1-sinθ)/(1+sinθ) 0.33
b= 1.59
the base width from the consideration of
sliding is
b=0.7HKa/(1-α)μ 2.50
This width is excessive. Normal practice is
to provide b between 0.4 to 0.6 H. Taking
maximum value of 0.6 H
b=0.6H 2.6
Hence provide b=2.4 m. The wall will be
unsafe against sliding. This will be made
safe by providing a shear key at the base.
Width of toe slab =0.37*2.4=0.89m 0.08
Provide toe slab 0.9 m long 0.1
Let the thickness of base be H/12= 0.4

4 Thickness of Stem
height AB= 4.8
consider one meter length of retaining wall
maximum BM at B =KaγHt^3/6 109.49
 Hence the effective depth d 353.94 mm
Keep d = 240 mm 354 mm
effective cover 60 mm
total thickness = 414 mm
reduce total thickness to 200 mm at the top
so that effective depth of 140 mm is 200 mm
available at the top.
effective depth at top= 140 mm
5 Stability of Wall
Fully dimensioned wall is shown in Fig.
1'8.16
Let
Moment
Lever
Description Force(KN) about toe Kn-
arm m
m
W1=weight of rectangular portion of stem 24 1.1 26.4
W2=weight of triangular portion of stem 6 0.97 5.82
W3=weight of base slab 26 1.2 31.2
W4=weight of soil on heel slab 103.68 1.8 186.6
ƩW 159.68 ƩM 250.04
The calculations are arranged in Table 18.1
The total resisting moment 250.04
Earth pressure P=Kaγ*H^2/2 80.3088
Overturning moment M0= 139.20192
F.S. against overturning 2 0
Sliding
F.S. against sliding=μW/P 0.99 safe
To make it safe against sliding, we will have
to provide a shear key.

Net moment r.M =·190.3 - 64 = 126.3 kN-m 110.84

Distance x of the point of application of
0.694
resultant, from toe is M/W
Eccentricity e=b/2x 0.61
This is Jess than b/6 0.4
Pressure p1 at toe =W/b(1-6e/b) 147.28 safe
Pressure P2, at heel =W/b(1-6e/b) -24.45
Pressure p at the junction of stem with toe
81.23
slab is
Pressure p' at the junction of stem with heel
68.02
slab ,is
5 Design of toe slab
The upward pressure dis[!ihution on the toe
slab is shown in Fig. 18.17. The weight of
the soil above the toe slab'' is neglected,
Thus two forces are acting on it ;
upward soil pressure.
downward weight of slab.
Downward weight of slab per unit area = 10.0
Hence net pressure intensities under D and 137.3
Hence net pressure intensities under E 71.2
Total force = S.F. at E
 Design Example 18.1. Design a T-shaped cantilever retaining wall to retain earth
embankment 3m high above ground level. The unit weight of earth is 18KN/m3 and
its angle of repose is 30 degree. The embankment is horizontal at its top. The safe
bearing capacity of soil may be taken as 100kN/m2 and the coefficient of friction
between soil and concrete as 0.5 Use M15 mix. Take sst= 140N/mm2

1 Design conslanls
For M 15 concrete and mild steel
reinforcement we have the following values

c=σcbc 5
t=σst 140
m 19
k 0.404
j 0.865
R 0.874
2 Depth of Foundation
ɤ 18
θ 30
qa 100
3
the minimum depth of foundation is
γmin=qa/γ((1-sinθ)/(1+sinθ)) 0.62
However, keep depth = 1m to accommodate
thickness of base wall below the ground 1
surface
Hence height of wall above its base 4
3 Dimensions of Base
the ratio of length of toe base (DE) to the
0.37
base width b is α=1-qa/2.2yH
the width of the base is given by
b=0.95H(Ka/(1-α)(1+3α))^0.5
Ka=(1-sinθ)/(1+sinθ) 0.33
b= 1.09
the base width from the consideration of
sliding is
b=0.7HKa/(1-α)μ 2.96
This width is excessive. Normal practice is
to provide b between 0.4 to 0.6 H. Taking
maximum value of 0.6 H
b=0.6H 2.4
Hence provide b=2.4 m. The wall will be
unsafe against sliding. This will be made
safe by providing a shear key at the base.
Width of toe slab =0.37*2.4=0.89m 0.89
Provide toe slab 0.9 m long 0.9
Let the thickness of base be H/12= 0.3

4 Thickness of Stem
height AB= 3.7
consider one meter length of retaining wall
maximum BM at B =KaγHt^3/6 50.15
Hence the effective depth d 239.53 mm
 Keep d = 240 mm 240 mm
effective cover 60 mm
total thickness = 300 mm
reduce total thickness to 200 mm at the top
so that effective depth of 140 mm is 200 mm
available at the top.
effective depth at top= 140 mm
5 Stability of Wall
Fully dimensioned wall is shown in Fig.
1'8.16
Let
Moment
Lever
Description Force(KN) about toe Kn-
arm m
m
W1=weight of rectangular portion of stem 18.5 1.1 20.35
W2=weight of triangular portion of stem 4.625 0.97 4.49
W3=weight of base slab 18 1.2 21.6
W4=weight of soil on heel slab 79.92 1.8 143.9
ƩW 121.045 ƩM 190.29
The calculations are arranged in Table 18.1
The total resisting moment 190.29
Earth pressure P=Kaγ*H^2/2 47.52
Overturning moment M0= 63.36
F.S. against overturning 3 safe
Sliding
F.S. against sliding=μW/P 1.27 safe
To make it safe against sliding, we will have
to provide a shear key.

Net moment r.M =·190.3 - 64 = 126.3 kN-m 126.93

Distance x of the point of application of
1.049
resultant, from toe is M/W
Eccentricity e=b/2x 0.15
This is Jess than b/6 0.4
Pressure p1 at toe =W/b(1-6e/b) 69.52 safe
Pressure P2, at heel =W/b(1-6e/b) 31.35
Pressure p at the junction of stem with toe
53.62
slab is
Pressure p' at the junction of stem with heel
50.44
slab ,is
5 Design of toe slab
The upward pressure dis[!ihution on the toe
slab is shown in Fig. 18.17. The weight of
the soil above the toe slab'' is neglected,
Thus two forces are acting on it ;
upward soil pressure.
downward weight of slab.
Downward weight of slab per unit area = 7.5
Hence net pressure intensities under D and 62.0
Hence net pressure intensities under E 46.1
Total force = S.F. at E
Table 2.A : Cylindrical Tanks with Fixed Base, Free Top Coefficient for Tension in Circular Ring Triangular Load
T=coeff*wHR kg/m positive sign indicates tension
Coefficient at a Point
H2/Dt
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14
0.0H 0.149 0.263 0.283 0.265 0.234 0.134 0.067 0.025 0.018 -0.001 -0.001 -0.005 -0.002
0.1H 0.134 0.239 0.271 0.268 0.251 0.203 0.164 0.137 0.119 0.104 0.098 0.097 0.098
0.2H 0.120 0.125 0.254 0.268 0.273 0.267 0.256 0.245 0.234 0.218 0.208 0.202 0.200
0.3H 0.101 0.109 0.234 0.265 0.285 0.322 0.339 0.346 0.344 0.355 0.323 0.312 0.306
0.4H 0.082 0.160 0.209 0.250 0.285 0.357 0.403 0.428 0.441 0.445 0.437 0.429 0.420
0.5H 0.066 0.130 0.180 0.226 0.274 0.362 0.429 0.477 0.504 0.534 0.542 0.543 0.539
0.6H 0.049 0.096 0.142 0.185 0.232 0.330 0.409 0.369 0.514 0.575 0.608 0.628 0.639
0.7H 0.029 0.063 0.099 0.134 0.172 0.262 0.334 0.398 0.447 0.530 0.589 0.633 0.666
0.8H 0.014 0.034 0.054 0.075 0.104 0.157 0.210 0.259 0.301 0.381 0.440 0.494 0.541
0.9H 0.004 0.000 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.052 0.073 0.092 0.112 0.151 0.179 0.211 0.241

Table : 10 Moments in cyllindrical wall fixed base, free top and subjected to triangular load.
Moment = coeff. * wH^3 Kg-m/m positive sign indicates tension in outside
Coefficient at a Point
H2/Dt
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14
0.1H 0.0005 0.0011 0.0012 0.0011 0.0006 0.0006 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.2H 0.0014 0.0037 0.0042 0.0041 0.0035 0.0024 0.0015 0.0006 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 -0.0001 0.0000
0.3H 0.0021 0.0063 0.0077 0.0075 0.0068 0.0047 0.0028 0.0016 0.0008 0.0008 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
0.4H 0.0007 0.0080 0.0103 0.0107 0.0099 0.0071 0.0067 0.0029 0.0019 0.0008 0.0004 0.0002 0.0000
0.5H 0.0042 0.0070 0.0112 0.0121 0.0120 0.0090 0.0065 0.0046 0.0032 0.0016 0.0007 0.0008 0.0001
0.6H -0.0150 0.0023 0.0090 0.0111 0.0115 0.0097 0.0077 0.0059 0.0046 0.0028 0.0019 0.0013 0.0009
0.7H -0.0302 -0.0068 0.0022 0.0058 0.0075 0.0077 0.0069 0.0059 0.0051 0.0038 0.0029 0.0023 0.0019
0.8H -0.0529 -0.0024 -0.0108 -0.0051 -0.0021 0.0012 0.0025 0.0028 0.0029 0.0029 0.0025 0.0026 0.0023
0.9H -0.0816 -0.0465 -0.0311 -0.0232 -0.0185 -0.0119 -0.0080 -0.0058 -0.0041 -0.0022 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0001
1.0H -0.1205 -0.0795 -0.0602 -0.0505 -0.0436 -0.0333 -0.0266 -0.0222 -0.0187 -0.0146 -0.0122 -0.0104 -0.0090

Table 22.9: coefficients for Shear at the Base

gH^2 kg (triangular)
n=coeff* pH kg (rectangular)
MH kg (moment at base)
Coefficient Triangular Load
H2/Dt
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14
0.436 0.374 0.339 0.317 0.299 0.262 0.236 0.213 0.197 0.174 0.158 0.145 0.135

TABLE 3.3 STIFFNESS COEFFICIENT FOR CYLINDRICAL WALL

H2/Dt
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 15
Cw 0.139 0.270 0.345 0.399 0.445 0.548 0.648 0.783 0.903 1.010 1.101 1.198 1.28
 16
0.000
0.990
0.020
0.304
0.412
0.531
0.641
0.687
0.582
0.265

16
0.0000
0.0000
-0.0001
-0.0002
-0.0001
0.0004
0.0001
0.0019
0.0001
-0.0079

16
0.127

20 24 32 40 48 56
1.43 1.57 1.81 2.03 2.22 2.40
Table : 12 Tension in circular ring wall hinged base, free top and subjected to tr Table : 10 Moments in cyllindrical wall fixe
T = coeff. * wHR Kg/m Moment = coeff. * wH^3 Kg-m/m
Coeff. at Points
H²/DT H²/Dt
0.0H 0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H 0.1H
0.4 0.474 0.44 0.395 0.352 0.308 0.264 0.215 0.165 0.111 0.057 0.4 0.0005
0.8 0.423 0.402 0.381 0.358 0.33 0.297 0.249 0.202 0.145 0.076 0.8 0.0011
1.2 0.35 0.355 0.361 0.362 0.358 0.342 0.309 0.256 0.186 0.098 1.2 0.0012
1.6 0.271 0.303 0.341 0.369 0.385 0.385 0.362 0.314 0.233 0.124 1.6 0.0011
2 0.205 0.26 0.321 0.373 0.411 0.434 0.419 0.369 0.28 0.151 2 0.0010
3 0.074 0.179 0.281 0.375 0.449 0.506 0.519 0.479 0.375 0.21 3 0.0006
4 0.017 0.137 0.253 0.367 0.469 0.545 0.579 0.553 0.447 0.256 4 0.0003
5 -0.008 0.114 0.235 0.356 0.469 0.562 0.617 0.606 0.503 0.294 5 0.0002
6 -0.011 0.103 0.223 0.343 0.463 0.566 0.639 0.643 0.547 0.327 6 0.0001
8 -0.015 0.096 0.208 0.324 0.443 0.564 0.661 0.697 0.621 0.386 8 0.0000
10 -0.008 0.095 0.2 0.311 0.428 0.552 0.666 0.73 0.678 0.433 10 0.0000
12 -0.002 0.097 0.197 0.302 0.417 0.541 0.664 0.75 0.72 0.477 12 0.0000
14 0 0.098 0.197 0.299 0.408 0.531 0.659 0.761 0.752 0.513 14 0.0000
16 0.002 0.1 0.198 0.299 0.403 0.521 0.65 0.764 0.776 0.536 16 0.0000
 : 10 Moments in cyllindrical wall fixed base, free top and subjected to triangular load.
t = coeff. * wH^3 Kg-m/m
Coeff. at Points
0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H 1.0H
0.0014 0.0021 0.0007 -0.0042 -0.0150 -0.0302 -0.0529 -0.0816 -0.1205
0.0037 0.0063 0.0080 0.0070 0.0023 -0.0068 -0.0240 -0.0465 -0.0795
0.0042 0.0077 0.0103 0.0112 0.0090 0.0022 -0.0108 -0.0311 -0.0602
0.0041 0.0075 0.0107 0.0121 0.0111 0.0058 -0.0051 -0.0232 -0.0505
0.0035 0.0068 0.0099 0.0120 0.0115 0.0075 -0.0021 -0.0185 -0.0436
0.0024 0.0047 0.0071 0.0090 0.0097 0.0077 0.0012 -0.0119 -0.0333
0.0015 0.0028 0.0047 0.0066 0.0077 0.0069 0.0023 -0.0080 -0.0268
0.0008 0.0016 0.0029 0.0046 0.0059 0.0059 0.0028 -0.0058 -0.0222
0.0003 0.0008 0.0019 0.0032 0.0046 0.0051 0.0029 -0.0041 -0.0187
0.0001 0.0002 0.0008 0.0016 0.0028 0.0038 0.0029 -0.0022 -0.0146
0.0000 0.0001 0.0004 0.0007 0.0019 0.0029 0.0028 -0.0012 -0.0122
-0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0013 0.0023 0.0026 -0.0005 -0.0104
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0008 0.0019 0.0023 -0.0001 -0.0090
0.0000 -0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0001 0.0004 0.0013 0.0019 0.0001 -0.0079
 Table 20.5 Carpenters Values of Coefficient F & K
Max Hoop Tension=γw*(H-KH)*D/2
Max Cantilever Moment=γw*F*H^3
Factor F K
H/T 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.50 0.45 0.40
0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.010 0.55 0.43 0.38 0.33
Values of H/D

0.4 0.024 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.50 0.39 0.35 0.30

0.5 0.020 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37 0.32 0.27
1 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.30 0.24 0.21
2 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.28 0.22 0.19 0.16
4 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.20 0.17 0.14

Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhand book)

Factors F K1 K2
H+dA 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 10 20
0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.32 0.46
Value of H/D

0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.01 0.55 0.43 0.38 0.33 0.35 0.53
0.4 0.024 0.014 0.01 0.007 0.5 0.39 0.35 0.3 0.44 0.58
0.5 0.02 0.02 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.48 0.63
1.0 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.62 0.73
2.0 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.3 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.73 0.81
4.0 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.2 0.17 0.14 0.8 0.85
d book)

K2
30 40
0.53 0.5
0.6 0.66
0.65 0.7
0.69 0.73
0.74 0.83
0.85 0.88
0.87 0.9
 Table 20.3 reissners value of restraint moment Mf
p=γwH
K=48H^4/ Rectangular Triangular Wall
(D^2*T^2) Wall Section Section
0 0.167pH2 0.167pH2
10 0.110pH2 0.140pH2
100 0.0582pH2 0.0707pH2
1000 0.024pH2 0.026pH2
10000 0.0085pH2 0.009pH2
¥ 0 0

Table 20.3 reissners value of restraint RING TENSION

p=γwH

K=48H^4/ Rectangular Wall Section Triangular Wall Section

(D^2*T^2)
Max tension ht from base Max tension ht from base
0 0 - - -
10 0.13p(D/2) 1H 0.09p(D/2) 0.65H
100 0.27p(D/2) 1H 0.31p(D/2) 0.58H
1000 0.47p(D/2) 0.47H 0.52p(D/2) 0.44H
10000 0.67p(D/2) 0.31H 0.70p(D/2) 0.30H
¥ 1p(D/2) 0 1p(D/2) 0
Design a cantilever retaining wall (T type) to retain earth for a height of 4m. The backfill is
horizontal. The density of soil is 18kN/m3. Safe bearing capacity of soil is 200 kN/m2.
Take the co-efficient of friction between concrete and soil as 0.6. The angle of repose is
30°. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
200
Solution
Data: h' = 4
SBC= 200 kN/m2 200
h1 h
H
g= 18 kN/m 3
18
μ=0.6 0.6
D
φ=30° 30°
Depth of foundation
—To fix the height of retaining wall [H] b
—H= h' +D 5.2
—Depth of foundation
—Df =SBC/γ((1-Sinɵ)/(1+Sinɵ)) 1.2