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2023 EARH3724 Tutorial 3

1. The document discusses theories of subjective well-being, including the tripartite structure which has three main components: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. It evaluates references for a literature study on subjective well-being. 2. It identifies sampling methods for two scenarios: the first uses multistage cluster sampling to survey death penalty opinions in South Africa, while the second uses quota sampling based on the population proportions of male and female top managers. 3. It analyzes research designs for three case scenarios: the first two are experimental designs testing the effect of extra reading on skills, while the third is a time series design evaluating a policy intervention based on traffic fatality

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46 views

2023 EARH3724 Tutorial 3

1. The document discusses theories of subjective well-being, including the tripartite structure which has three main components: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. It evaluates references for a literature study on subjective well-being. 2. It identifies sampling methods for two scenarios: the first uses multistage cluster sampling to survey death penalty opinions in South Africa, while the second uses quota sampling based on the population proportions of male and female top managers. 3. It analyzes research designs for three case scenarios: the first two are experimental designs testing the effect of extra reading on skills, while the third is a time series design evaluating a policy intervention based on traffic fatality

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EARH 3724

Activity 3

Question 1 Evaluate the following section (taken from a literature study) as well as the
list of references that follows by indicating and correcting the mistakes where
applicable. (8 marks)

There are several theories and models of subjective well-being. The first structure is the
tripartite structure of subjective well-being (Metler & Busseri, 2017). It consists of three main
components, which are (1) life-satisfaction, (2) positive affect (PA) and (3) negative affect
(Albuquerque, 2010; Busseri, 2014). Cheng et al. (2014) also referred to these three
components as, "(a) a cognitive evaluation of life satisfaction, (b) the presence of positive
affect, and (c) the relative absence of negative affect” (Kroll, 2015). These three components
can be combined in four different ways, resulting in four diverse ways to measure subjective
well-being (Coffey, Warren & Gottfied, 2015).

Life satisfaction is the overall perception of one's life and environment. It can be achieved by
having a good job, high self-esteem and achieving your life goals (Albuquerque, 2010; Busseri,
2014). By scoring high in life satisfaction, individuals tend to have better health, social
relationships and lower risk of suicide and depression (Coffey, Warren & Gottfied, 2015).
Durayappah is one of the theorists that have most recently developed and studied this tripartite
model (3P) model of subjective well-being.

List of references

Busseri, M.A. (2014). Toward a resolution of the tripartite structure of subjective well-being.
Journal of Personality, 83, 413–428. Doi: 10.1111/jopy.12116.

Albuquerque, B. (2011). What is subjective well-being? Understanding and measuring


subjective well-being. Positive psychology. Retrieved on 26 February, 2018 from
http://positivepsychology.org.uk/subjective-well-being/

Cheng, C., Cheng, M. L. W. & Montasem, A. (2014). Explaining differences in subjective well-
being across 33 nations using multilevel models: Universal personality, cultural relativity, and
national income. Journal of Personality, 84(3), 46–58. Doi: 10.1111/jopy.12136
Coffey, J. K., Warren, M. T. & Gottfried, A. W. (2015). Does infant happiness forecast adult
life satisfaction? Examining subjective well-being in the first quarter century of life. Journal of
Happiness Study, 16, 1401–1421. Doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x

Kroll, C. (2015). Global development and happiness: How can data on subjective well-being
inform development theory and practice? Oxford Development Studies, 43(6), 281–309. Doi:
10.1080/13600818.2015.1067293.

Malik, S. (2013). Gender differences in self-esteem and happiness among university students.
International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(4), 445–454.

Question 2 Identify the sampling methods used in the following two scenarios:
(3 marks)

2.1 A researcher wishes to conduct an opinion survey on reinstating the death penalty for the
whole of South Africa. First a sample was drawn from the nine provinces or regions within
South Africa. Then a number of townships and cities within each region were drawn. Next a
few street blocks within each of these townships and cities were drawn. Finally a sample of
individuals was randomly drawn within these street blocks.

2.2 A researcher wants to conduct research on top managers in the Free State province. The
researcher knows that of the population under study of top managers 80% are men and 20%
are women. He, therefore, sees to it that his sample consists of 80% men and 20% women.

2.3 The target population is well-defined as comprising all the pupils registered at the school.
He could select a sample of 50 children by putting all the names of the pupils written on pieces
of paper in a tin and randomly drawing 50 names.

Question 3 Consider the below case scenarios and determine which research design
it is and provide a brief description of it (6 marks)

3.1 One wants to determine whether children reading an extra ½ hour a day would increase
their reading skills. A group of children are chosen. The teacher will allow these children to
read for an extra ½ hour a day. It was found, after assessing the group of children reading
skills at the end of the semester, the student’s scored relatively high.

3.2 A group of children are chosen. A test is performed to evaluate their current reading skill,
this shows as low. In order to improve this, the teacher will allow this group of children to read
an extra ½ hour a day. It was found, after assessing the group of children reading skills at the
end of the semester, these children’s reading skill score was higher due to the extra ½ hour
reading time.

3.3 . In reaction to a record number of traffic deaths (324 in 1955 in the American state of
Connecticut) its governor introduced severe penalties for speeding violations. Campbell and
Ross (1968) traced the number of traffic deaths for the four years before, and the three years
after the penalties were introduced in order to determine the success of this intervention

4. Identify the type of measurement level (nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio) for each of the
following:

4.1 Age (1)

4.2 Scores on an IQ test (1)

4.3 Blood type (Type A or Type B) (1)

(TOTAL: 20 Marks)

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