Lesson

Volleyball as a Team Sport

1 and Its Background

Any sport involving players working together for a shared objective is called team sport. Such is an
activity wherein a group of people, in a team, work collectively to achieve the goal of winning.
Football, basketball, volleyball, baseball, and other team sports provide amazing personal development
opportunities that every student – regardless of his age – can benefit from. The importance of
teamwork is huge in every possible social environment you can think of, and it shouldn’t be neglected.

What is It

One of the many team sports played involving a ball and a net is Volleyball. In this sport, opposing
teams are on each side of the net. A team hits the ball over the net and into the opponent’s side of the
court. Meanwhile, the receiving team aims to receive the ball, the players prevent it from touching the
ground, then hit it back over the net and into the opponent’s side of the court within three touches.
There are two types of volleyball which are played in competition. These are the team and beach
volleyballs. Team volleyball is played by two teams on a hard court, indoors and outdoors, with six
individuals on the court for each team aiming to score 25 points to win a set over the opponent. While
beach volleyball is played by two teams on the sand, outdoors, with two players each team aiming to
score 21 points to win a set over the opponent. The discussion in this lesson will focus on team
volleyball.

Volleyball can be a fun game to play with friends. In a recreational set up, it can be enjoyed by unlimited
number of players which means anyone can join in. On the other hand, in a competitive set up, players
are limited to only six for each team during play, and they must take time to practice for good
performance. Good jumping ability and height will help a lot but are not requirements in the game.
History of Volleyball
The game Volleyball was created by William G. Morgan in 1895, an athletic director at the Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States, with the aim to design a game
that is equally enjoyable with basketball, but less challenging. It was quick to become a trendy sport at
that time. Then, Alfred Halstead saw the game’s volleying nature. People started calling it volley-ball
and the name stuck. The rules of the game have changed as time passed by.
Volleyball became an official event in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, where Japan came up victorious in
winning the first gold medal in women's volleyball as the USSR claimed the first gold for men.

Volleyball Equipment and Court

During the early years, a volleyball had variety of colors but white was greatly favored worldwide. But,
after more than a century from the day it was invented, the widely accepted color now is blue and
yellow. It is round with several panels which are usually leather made. Its official size is 65-67
centimeters in circumference and 260-280 grams in weight with an air pressure of 4.26-4.61 psi.
For kids, volleyball is smaller while it is bigger in Beach volleyballs with the same weight, but with
less air pressure.

The standard volleyball court is 18 x 9 meters. The net, 1 meter wide, is suspended in the middle and
across the court, 2.43 meters high for men and 2.24 meters high for women, splitting it to two sides.
There is a line that is drawn 3 meters from the center and parallel to the net on each side. This is the
attack line which sets the back row and the front row areas.
 Lesson

2 Volleyball Skills

As a sport, volleyball is played well with a good combination of skills. A player needs to go from one
place to another on different directions to be able to cover certain areas of the court. Also, teams must
be able to shift from offense to defense as fast as possible depending on the sequence of the game.
Players must always be ready to execute certain skills on different situations.

SERVICE
The service is the first opportunity for a player to score a point and it is
determined by a toss coin. Whichever team wins the toss coin will
decide whether they take the opportunity to serve first or decide
which side of the court they will play on first.
Service begins each rally, and once you throw the ball in the air you
must contact the ball to send it over the net to land inside the lines of
the opponent’s side of the court. The serve may touch the net and
continue into the opponent's court.
Each team gets only one chance to serve. When the serving team loses
a rally, it loses the right to serve. The receiving team then rotates one
position on the court.
A serve is called ace when the receiving team failed to return the ball.

DIG
The "dig" is used to receive and pass the ball with
control using the forearms.
It is usually executed with the first contact by the team
and very useful in defense as it allows the receiver to
have a good control of the ball and pass it to the setter
positioned near the net.
hold both hands together with one hand inside
the other
both thumbs pointing slightly downwards
both knees bent

SET
The "set" is an overhead pass used to toss and put the ball in the right position
for the attacker or spiker.
It is performed by the setter and is usually the second contact of the receiving
team with the ball.
The setter is like a point guard on a basketball team who runs the offense and
calls the plays.
 SPIKE
The "spike" is a forceful hitting or smashing of the ball across
the net which
serves to be the most effective way for a team to score a point
during a rally.

BLOCK
A block is a defensive act of preventing the ball
coming from an attack of the offensive team from
crossing the net.
This skill is very useful as it may earn the defensive
team a point and take the chance to serve the ball
VOLLEYBALL HAND SIGNALS
 Lesson

3 Basketball

Nature, Background and History of Basketball

Basketball is a game played between two teams of five players on a rectangular court, usually
indoors. The objective of the game is to shoot a ball through a basket. It is one of the most
popular and widely viewed team sport in the world.

Shooting, passing, dribbling, rebounding, and running are the commonly used skills used in the
game, as well as different positions (player positioning) defensive and offensive structure and
techniques; the “center,” “power forward” or “small forward are the tallest players of the team,
while “point guard” or “shooting guard” are the shorter players of the team that possess the best
ball handling skills and speed play. It was invented by the Canadian clergyman, educator, and
physician James Naismith on or about December 1891, at the International Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield
Massachusetts. It was Luther Halsey Gulick, Naismith’s supervisor and the College’s first
physical education director, who challenged Naismith to invent a new indoor game for the
school’s students to play during the long New England winter. The first basket used for the first
game was a peach basket and a soccer ball was used for the first two years of playing basketball.

Basic Skills in Basketball

Dribbling
It is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move around the
court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. This involves bouncing the ball off the floor
with your hands. Proper dribbling requires ballhandling skills and knowledge of how to spread
your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both
hands. Here are the tips on basic basketball dribbling:
 Use your fingertips to dribble, never the palm.
 Dribble on the side of your body, never bounce the ball in front repeatedly.
 Get used to bouncing the ball off the ground.
 Lower your body slightly so that the ball is bouncing rapidly at waist level.
 Look up when you are dribbling, not on the ground or on the floor.
 When switching the ball from one hand to another, bounce the ball across hard and quick.
 When changing direction, shift the momentum of your body towards that direction.

Shooting
The act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. It requires the
ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding
defenders. Here is a general procedure that all good basketball shooters more or less follow:
 Half-bent your knees before shooting a basketball for more potential power.
 Your dominant hand should have its fingers spread out.
 Only the fingertips should be gripping onto the ball.
 Your other hand supports the ball on the side.
 The ball should be brought above the head in one motion.
 At this point, the angles of your armpit, elbow, and wrist is at 90 degrees.
 While extending your knees, extend your forearm and your wrist.
 Make sure you follow through with your wrist movement. It feels natural to jump upon
release. Tips on shooting a basketball:
 Always keep track of the distance between you and the hoop.
 Tuck your elbows inward towards each other when shooting.
 Shoot the basketball at an arc. It increases accuracy.
 Aim at the part inside the rim farthest from your standpoint.
 Use screens and offensive plays to get open.
 Square up your shooting hand with the basketball hoop.
 Grip the basketball tightly with only your thumb and little finger.
 Aim with your index finger or middle finger only.
 Never hesitate due to the fear of a block shot.

Passing
Another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball player. A pass
happens when one player throws the ball to another player with a purpose of setting up a play
or taking a shot. Points of emphasis in teaching passing:
 A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch.
 When passing, step toward your receiver.
 When catching, step toward the pass.
 Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accomplished by following through
on every pass.

Basic Passes
Chest Pass. The pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the sides
with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the fingers are rotated
behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down.
Bounce Pass. Is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should be
thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver.
Overhead Pass. Is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead with
both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Do not bring the ball behind your head,
because it can get stolen, and it takes a split-second longer throw the pass.

Rebounding
The objective of this is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal
or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a major role in the game, as
most possessions end when a team misses a shot. The team with the most possessions has a
better chance of winning. How to rebound:
 Find a good position on the court.
 Get low to the ground.
 Spread your arms.
 Box out your opponent, if necessary.
 Jump towards the ball.
 Grasp the ball with both hands, if possible.
 Have a plan to pass the ball.
 Learn to anticipate missed shots.

Running
This is an important skill in basketball. You will find yourself running back and forth as the
game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will
help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find
yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks. Tips to improve
running:
1. Lean forward.
2. Run on the balls of your feet.
3. Swing your arms and hands from cheek to cheek (that is butt cheek to face cheek) alongside
your body – don’t allow your arms to cross-over in front of your body.
4. Always do a combination of dynamic stretching and warm-up activities.

Equipment and Facilities in Basketball

Every Filipino love basketball. When you go around the Philippines, you can see basketball
courts even in the small villages or provinces. Thus, we should be familiarized with the different
equipment and facilities used in Basketball.

Equipment in Basketball
1. Ball – a ball of basketball is most of the time made of leather with the official size of 29.5
to 30 inches in circumference for men’s game and 28.5 inches in circumference for
women’s game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the floor,
a well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54 inches in height.

2. Uniform - When one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement
for a team is to have a uniform. This helps one in differentiating a team from another. A
uniform consists of a jersey (shirt), shorts, and numbers on the front and back of the
shirts for identification.

3. Basketball sneakers - Basketball shoes help prevent injuries, in part, by providing

adequate ankle support. Hightop sneakers offer the best ankle support; these shoes
should also lace up to the top to help provide a snug fit.

4. Water Bottle - is a container that is used to hold water, liquids or other beverages for
consumption. The use of a water bottle allows an individual to drink and transport a
beverage from one place to another. A water bottle is usually made of plastic, glass, or
metal.
To avoid/prevent dehydration:
 Drink a cup of water 4 hours before the game and another half-cup of water for
every 10 to 15 minutes while playing basketball.
 Replenish electrolytes like sodium and potassium which are lost through
perspiration with sports drinks or enhanced water.
 To lower your body temperature and reduce sweating use wet towels or a water
mist on the skin.
 When you’re working out or exerting yourself, alcoholic and caffeinated
beverages, such as coffee, tea and soda, are not recommended for optimal
hydration.

5. Scoreboard - is a large board that displays the score in a game.

6. Whistles - are used by the referees to give signals on the game.

7. Timer – used to regulate the playing time and track the duration of the game.
Facilities in Basketball Court dimensions.

The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide, measured from
the inner edge of the boundary line. Backboard and Rim. The height above the ground for the
rim is 10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in diameter. 72 inches wide by 42 inches tall is the size of
the backboard, with the inner square of 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. At the backcourt is the
team’s own basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court limited by
their own end line, side lines and center line

The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part
of the playing court limited by the end lines behind the opponents’ basket, side lines and inner
edge of the center line nearest to the opponents’ basket.

Lines
All lines are white, 5cm wide and clearly visible.

Dimension of a Half Court in Basketball

Basic Rules and Regulations of Basketball

Basketball regulations might fluctuate slightly based on the level of competition (for example,
professional rules differ from collegiate rules) or the location of the game (international rules
are different from USA professional rules and the Philippines as well. These rule modifications,
on the other hand, are typically variants on the core game of basketball, and the bulk of the rules
discussed here can be applied to almost any game of basketball.

RULES FOR THE OFFENSE:

The offensive basketball team is the one that has the ball. When a player has the basketball, he
or she must observe the following rules:

1. The ball must be bounced, or dribbled, with one hand while both feet are moving. If both
hands touch the ball at the same moment or the player stops dribbling, the player can
only move one foot. The motionless foot is referred to as the pivot foot.
2. The basketball player is only allowed to dribble once. In other words, once a player has
stopped dribbling, he or she cannot begin dribbling again. A player who resumes
dribbling is charged with a double-dribbling infraction and loses possession of the ball
to the other side. After another player from either team touches or obtains control of the
basketball, a player can begin another dribble. This usually occurs following a shot or a
pass.
 3. The ball must remain within the boundaries of the field. If the offensive team loses the
ball out of bounds, the ball is turned over to the opposing team.
4. While dribbling, the player's hand must be on top of the ball. Carrying the ball occurs
when a player touches the bottom of the basketball while dribbling and continues to
dribble, and the player loses the ball to the opposing team.
5. The offensive team is not allowed to return to the backcourt once they have crossed half
court. A backcourt violation is what this is known as. The offensive team can lawfully
reclaim the ball if the defensive team knocks it into the backcourt.

DEFENSIVE RULES (The team without the basketball)

Do not foul. Gaining an unfair advantage through physical contact is defined as a foul. The
referee must make some decisions, but in general, the defensive player may not contact the
attacking player in such a way that the offensive player loses the ball or misses a shot.
1. Despite the fact that the foul rule is referred to as a defensive rule, it applies to all
players on the floor, including attacking ones.
2. Basketball players are unable to kick or hit the ball with their fist.
3. No player is allowed to touch the basketball when it is falling towards the hoop or on the
rim. This is referred to as goaltending. (In some games, touching the ball on the rim is
permitted.)

POINTING SYSTEM
Free Throw – 1 point
Goal Shot within the perimeter – 2 points
Beyond the 3-point line – 3 points