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International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242
Volume 5 Issue 11 Nov. 2016, Page No. 18983-18986

A Survey on Traffic Management in Smart Cities

Abstract
In smart cities, the wide variety of use cases spans from traffic management to water distribution.This is an important issue for
managing traffic in an urban environment like smart cities.For solving this, Internet of Things(IoT) should be used.IoT used
network of physical objects that feature an IP address for internet connectivity.Reservation-based system,Connected and
Automated Vehicles(CAV) and smart parking system are proposed as a part of traffic management by using IoT.Sensing and
classifying roadway obstacles provides accident free environment and also a smooth drive to the vehicles.This paper is a survey on
traffic management in smart cities which is useful for traffic management in smart cities. Survey involves different traffic
management schemes by using IoT.
Keywords:Internet of Things, Smart cities, Connected and classifying roadway obstacles provides accident free

Automated vehicles, Reservation based algorithms, Smart environment and also a smooth drive to the vehicles.

parking system
2 .Literature Survey
1.Introduction
Smart City is an urban environment that provides a new level In smart cities traffic related problems are controlled by

of innovative and interactive services for all over the social using IoT in right way.Reservation-based system,

activites in the urban area such as transportation, energy Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAV) and smart

distribution, health care, environmental monitoring, business, parking system are proposed as a part of traffic management

commerce, emergency response and water distribution.From by using IoT.Sensing and classifying roadway obstacles

a technological point of view, Smart City uses information provides accident free environment and also a smooth drive

and communication technology(ICT) and IoT in a effective to the vehicles.

and secure manner to access the physical objects roads, The 2014 revision of world urbanization

buildings, as well as the location and status of city prospects ,[1]which contains the latest estimates of the urban

resources.IoT is the network of physical objects that featuers and rural populations of 233 countries.Population censuses

an IP address for internet connectivity, the communication are the most commonly used sources of data,although

between these objects and other systems that have internet estimates obtained from population registers or

accessability. administrative statistics.Classifyingan area as urban may be

IoT has a major role in the traffic control in smart based : a minimum population threshold; population density;

cities.The.IoT have major role in smarter urban management proportion employed in non-agriculturalsectors; the

for Cities and counties. In smart cities traffic related presence of infrastructure such as paved roads, electricity,

problems are controlled by using IoT in right piped water or sewers; and the presence of education or

way.Reservation-based system, Connected and Automated health services.In compiling information on city population

Vehicles(CAV) and smart parking system are proposed as a size, the Population Division has endeavoured to use data or

part of traffic management by using IoT.Sensing and estimates based on the concept of urban agglomeration.The

Anaswara R, IJECS Volume 05 Issue 11 Nov., 2016 Page No.18983-18986 Page 18983
 DOI: 10.18535/ijecs/v5i11.45

method to project city populations as the last observed city countries of Asia and Europe with stagnating or declining
growth rate converges towards an expected value, estimated populations.Diversified policies to plan for and manage the
on consistent and timely data on global trends in spatial distribution of the population and internal migration
urbanization and city growth are critical for assessing are needed.Policies aimed at a more balanced distribution of
current and future needs with respect to urban growth and urban growth.Accurate, This article also presents two
for setting policy priorities to promote inclusive and extensions to the mechanism,The first extension allows the
equitable urban and rural development.Successful system to control human-driven vehicles in addition to
sustainable urbanization requires competentancy. autonomous vehicles.described the construction of the
K. Dresner[2] propose a reservation- simulator itself, as well as the communication protocol, the
based system for alleviating traffic congestion, specifically intersection manager, the driver agent, and several
at intersections, and under the assumption that the cars are intersection control policies. The first policy, FCFS is only
controlled by agents.A custom simulator is created to for fully autonomous vehicles.FCFS-Light extends FCFS to
measure the different delays associated with conducting allow human interoperability using existing traffic
traffic through an intersection. A precise metric for lightinfrastructure. The last policy, FCFS-Emerg, extends
evaluating the quality of traffic control at an intersection. FCFS to give priority to emergency vehicles without
This reservation-based system can perform two to significant increasing delays for other vehiclesThe second
threehunderd times better than traffic lights and it can gives priority to emergency vehicles without significant cost
smoothly handle much heavier traffic conditions.This to civilian vehicles.In this there is no switch among several
system very closely approximates an overpass, which is the different policies, learning from reservation historieswhich
optimal solution for the problem. policy is best suited to particular traffic conditions, could
Current methods for controlling traffic, significantly improveperformance. There is no light model
specifically at intersections, will not be able to take that could react not react to the presence of individual
advantage of the increased sensitivity and precision of vehicles, might better be able to exploit the abilities of
autonomous vehicles as compared to human drivers. K. autonomous vehicles, without adversely affecting human
Dresner[3] describe an autonomoud intersection drivers.
management system.Drivers and intersections in this
A.de La Fortelle[4]present a framework
mechanism are treated as autonomous agents in a multiagent
designed initially for cybercars (fully automated cars) but
system.In this multiagent system, intersections use a new
that could also be applied -though with major differences -to
reservation-based approach built around a detailed
human driven cars. It is a world where vehicles have to
communication protocol. Demonstrate in simulation that
reserve pieces of roads to cross a junction. This work is an
new mechanism has the potential to significantly outperform
enhancement of a previous work that demonstrated the
current intersectioncontrol technology—traffic lights and
feasibility of such a reservation algorithm.
stop signs. It subsumes the most popular current methods of
intersection control. the basis of the city population and the S. Huang[5] designs and evaluates a
growth rate of the overall urban population in the reservation-based approach to intersection control that is
country.Globally, more people live in urban areas than in designed to take full advantage of the unprecedented
rural areas.Levels of urbanization vary greatly connectivity that the connected vehicle initiative promises to
acrossregions.Most megacities and large citiesare located in provide. To design and evaluate the “intelligent
the global South. One in five urban dwellers worldwide intersection,” a novel simulation test bed for connected
lives in a medium-sized city with 1 million to 5 million vehicle applications is developed. The test bed integrates a
inhabitants.Some cities have experienced population decline microscopic traffic simulator with a network simulator and
since 2000, most of which are located in low-fertility an emission analyzer. Using the integrated simulator, the

Anaswara R, IJECS Volume 05 Issue 11 Nov., 2016 Page No.18983-18986 Page 18984
 DOI: 10.18535/ijecs/v5i11.45

mobility and environmental benefits : of the intelligent (MILP) problem at each decision point defined in a time-
intersection approach, compared with those of traditional driven sequence. The solution of each MILP is an optimal
control methods, are evaluated on two case studies1) an allocation based on current state information and is updated
isolated intersection 2)a real-world transportation network at the next decision point with a guarantee that there is no
with multiple intersections. proposed control approach resource reservation conflict and that no driver is ever
offers significant mobility and environmental benefits.using assigned a resource with a cost function higher than this
observed traffic volumes, the intelligent intersection reduced driver's current cost function value. Based on simulation
the average vehicle delay by 85%, fuel consumption by results, compared with uncontrolled parking processes or
50%, and emissions by 39%-50%. state-of-the-art guidance-based systems, our system reduces
the average time to find a parking space and the parking
Autonomous passing-through
cost, whereas the overall parking capacity is more efficiently
intersections has been becoming one important research
utilized.where a new light system scheme is proposed to
problem , especially with the real emerging of driverless
guarantee user reservations.
vehicles. Including the lane, path, critical section and
vehicle, are modeled with considering relations among their Address the traffic light control problem
physical and kinetic characters. Abstract some basic actions for multiple intersections in tandem by viewing it in a
of this passing procedure, and K. Zhang[6] propose a stochastic hybrid system setting and Y. Geng [9] developing
universal state-based action model.The procedure will be a Stochastic Flow Model (SFM) for it.This includes roads
equal to the switching between these actions and their states. with finite vehicle capacity, which may lead to additional
Propose a new centralized scheduling algorithm that is delays due to traffic blocking.Using Infinitesimal
reservation-oriented, and can guarantee the higher request to Perturbation Analysis (IPA), we derive on-line gradient
be responded preferentially. Finally, this algorithm is estimators of an average traffic congestion metric with
simulated , especially for vehicles with high priority. respect to the controllable green and red cycle lengths.The
IPA estimators obtained require counting traffic light
Address the problem of coordinating
switchings and estimating car flow rates only when specific
online a continuous flow of connected and automated
events occur. The estimators are used to iteratively adjust
vehicles (CAVs) crossing two adjacent intersections in an
light cycle lengths to improve performance and, in
urban area.Y. J. Zhang [7] Present a decentralized optimal
conjunction with a standard gradient-based algorithm, to
control framework whose solution yields for each vehicle
seek optimal values which adapt to changing traffic
the optimal acceleration/deceleration at any time in the
conditions.
sense of minimizing fuel consumption. The solution allows
the vehicles to cross the intersections without the use of 3 Conclusion
traffic lights, without creating congestion onthe connecting
This survey has been performed for collecting the traffic
road, and under the hard safety constraint of collision
management methods in smart cities which are useful for
avoidanceThe effectiveness of the proposed solution is
smooth drive to the vehicles.The ubiquitous availability of
validated through simulation, coordination of CAVs can
wireless devices can enable the development of effective
reduce significantly both fuel consumption and travel time.
infrastructure-free approaches for solving problems in Smart
Y. Geng[8] Propose a novel “smart Cities,this is done by using IoT.Smart city spans a wide
parking” system for an urban environment.The system variety of use cases, from traffic management to water
assigns and reserves an optimal parking space based on the distribution.IoT solutions in the area of Smart City solve
driver's cost function that combines proximity to destination traffic congestion problems.The sensing and classifying
and parking cost.Solves a mixed-integer linear programming roadway obstacles is the one of the main method gives

Anaswara R, IJECS Volume 05 Issue 11 Nov., 2016 Page No.18983-18986 Page 18985
 DOI: 10.18535/ijecs/v5i11.45

smooth drive to the vehicles.This survey helps in identifying autonomous passing-through algorithm for driverless
all possible traffic management methods in smart cities. vehicles at intersections,” in Proc. IEEE 16th Int. Conf.
Comput.Sci. Eng., Dec. 2013, pp. 751757.
Acknowledgment
[7].Y. J. Zhang, A. A. Malikopoulos, and C. G. Cassandras,
We are grateful to our project guide and seminar “Optimal control and coordination of connected and
Coordinator Asst. Prof. Lakshmi S for her remarks, automated vehicles at urban trafc intersections,” in
suggestions and for providing all the vital facilities like Proc. Amer. Control Conf., 2016. [Online].
providing the Internet access and important books, which [8].Y. Geng and C. G. Cassandras, “New `smart parking'
were essential. We are also thankful to all the staff members system based on resource allocation and reservations,” IEEE
of the Department. Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.,vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 11291139,
Sep. 2013.
References
[1]Economic Social Affairs, New York, NY,USA, (Jul. [9].Y. Geng and C. G. Cassandras, “Multi-intersection trafc

2014).World Urbanization Prospects. [Online] light control withblocking,” J. Discrete Event Dyn. Syst.,
vol. 25, nos. 12, pp. 730,Jun. 2015.
[2]K. Dresner and P. Stone, “Multiagent traffic
management: A reservationbased intersection control
mechanism” in Proc. 3rd Int. Joint Conf. Auto.Agents Anaswara R received B.Tech. degree in Computer
Multiagents Syst., 2004, pp. 530537. Science and Engineering from Mahathma Gandhi

[3] K. Dresner and P. Stone, “A multiagent approach to University, India.Pursuing M.Tech. degree in Computer

autonomous intersection management,” J. Artif. Intell. Res., Science and Engineering from Kerala Technical University,

vol. 31, pp. 591656, Mar. 2008. India.

[4].A.de La Fortelle, “Analysis of reservation algorithms for Lakshmi S received B.Tech. degree in Computer Science
cooperative planning at intersections,” in Proc. 13th Int.
and Engineering from College of Engineering, Kallooppara,
IEEE Conf. Intell. Transp.Syst., Sep. 2010, pp. 445449.
Cochin University of Science and Technology(CUSAT),
[5]. S. Huang, A. W. Sadek, and Y. Zhao, “Assessing the India, received M.Tech. degree in Technology Management
mobility and environmental benets of reservation-based from Kerala University, India. Currently, she is Assistant
intelligent intersections using an integrated simulator,”IEEE Professor at Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Kerala
Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 3,pp. 12011214, University, India.
Sep. 2012.
[6]K. Zhang, A. de La Fortelle, D. Zhang, and X. Wu,
“Analysis and modelled design of one state-driven

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