Exercise 3.1B Unbalanced forces Practice skills In this exercise, you will be thinking about the effects of unbalanced forces. 1 Which of these can happen because of unbalanced forces? Tick (¥) all correct statements. A car will move at a constant speed. A boat will slow down, A football will change direction. A book will not moye on a desk, 2 The diagram shows the forces on a car, contact force diving force State: a which forces are balanced and b which forces are unbalanced and © what will happen to the car.Exercise 3.1C Changing direction Challenge In this exercise, you will describe how unbalanced forces can cause a change in direction of movement 1 The diagram shows the forces, A D, acting on a bird when it is flying. i <2 —, c a Describe the effects of these forces on the movement of the bird. b Describe one change needed to the forees for the bird to go higher. ¢ Describe two changes to the forces that would make the bird go slower. 1 2> 3.2 Speed Exercise 3.2A Units of speed Focus In this exercise, you will consider the units of speed. 1a Which of these is the standard unit of distance in science? Circle one unit. metre foot mile kilometre b Which of these is the standard unit of time in science? Cirele one unit, day hour minute second ¢ Which of these is the standard unit for speed in science? Circle one unit, ms m/s mm/s? ms 2 — Speed can be measured in kilometres per hour, km/h A motoreyele travels at 60 km/h What does 60 km/h mean? ‘Tick (¥) one box. It travels a distance of 60 m every second Ol It travels a distance of 60 m every hour. oO Oo It travels a distance of 60 km every second. Tt travels a distance of 60 km every hour.3 Inthe year 2016, a spacecraft reached a speed of 260 000 km/h. Calculate the distance this spacecraft would travel in 2 hours. Show your working km Exercise 3.2B Calculating speed Practice In this exercise, you will calculate the speeds of some objects. 1 a Write the equation that links speed, distance and time. b — Give the unit of speed when distance is in metres and time is in seconds, In cach of these calculations, show your working and give the unit with your answer, 2 Acar travels a distance of 70 mina time of 2s. a — Caleulate the average speed of the car,The car changes speed to travel a distance of 30 mina time of 2s, b Calculate the new speed of the car Arun walks from home to school, School is a distance of 450 m from Arun's home. Arun walks this distance in a time of 300 s. a Calculate Arun's average walking speed. b Explain why your answer to part a is an average speed. An aeroplane travels a distance of 5400 km in a time of 6 hours. Calculate the average speed of the aeroplane, in km/h.Exercise 3.2C Calculating distance and time Challenge In this exercise, you will use speed to calculate either the distance or the time of travel. 1 a Complete the equation for calculating distance from speed and time. distance = b Complete the equation for calculating time of travel from speed and distance. time = In each of these calculations, show your working and give the unit with your answer 2 Atrain travels at a constant speed of 45 m/s. a Calculate the distance travelled by the train in: i 30s ii 2 minutes.Zara runs at a constant speed of 4 m/s Sofia rides her bicycle at a constant speed of 6 m/s a Calculate the time taken for Zara to run a distance of 120m. b Calculate how much further Sofia travels in one minute than Zara does. Marcus's father plans to travel by car, He needs to travel a distance of 50 km ina time of 2 hours, a — Calculate the average speed at which the car must travel, b Explain why the car must go faster than your answer lo part a for some parts of the journey,> 3.3 Describing movement Exercise 3.3A Distance/time graphs 1 Focus In this exercise, you will decide what you can work out from a distance/time graph. 1 Which of these can be worked out from a distance/time graph? Tick (¥) one box. The force on an object. 7) The speed of an object. [— The mass of an object. [| ‘The weight of an object. 5 2 Look at the distance/time graph for a train. Distance > Time a — Which of these distance/time graphs shows the train going faster? A A é é é é > > > Time Time Time Time A 8 c D Write the letter. b Which distance/time graph in part a shows no change in distance with time? Write the letterExercise 3.3B Distance/time graphs 2 Practice In this exercise, you will sketch some distance/time graphs. When sketching a graph, you only label the axes with quantities. You do not need to scale the axes or put numbers on the axes. 1 Sketch a distance/time graph for: a a stationary object b an object travelling at a constant speed away from a starting position ¢ an object travelling at a constant speed back towards its starting position.Sofia walks from home to a shop. She walks at a constant low speed She stops to talk to a friend She continues walking to the shop at a higher speed than before. Sketch a distance/time graph of Sofia’s journey from home to the shop. Marcus rides a bicycle at a constant speed from the park to a friend’s house. Marcus stays at his friend’s house for a short time. Marcus rides his bicyele at the same constant speed back again from his Iriend’s house to the park. Sketch a distance/time graph of Marcus's journey from the park and back to the park. Label the vertical axis “distance from park’.Exercise 3.3C Distance/time graphs 3 Challenge In this exercise, you will draw a distance/time graph and work out values from the graph 1 An aeroplane departs from airport A at time 0 hours. The aeroplane takes 4.5 hours to travel to airport B, Airport Bisa distance of 3600 km away from airport A. The aeroplane spends L.5 hours at airport B, before departing again for airport A. The journey back from airport B to airport A takes 4.0 hours. a Draw a distance/time graph of the journey on the grid below. Label the vertical axis ‘distance from A’. b Use your graph to work out: i the total time of the journey ii the speed of the aeroplane going from airport A to airport B ii the speed of the aeroplane going from airport B to airport A