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Compressor Aerodynamics

This document provides an overview of compressor aerodynamics. It discusses key topics such as blade and flow design, work input, scaling, losses, and efficiency. It also examines specific compressor types including axial and centrifugal compressors. Flow phenomena like stall, surge, vibration, and noise are analyzed. Design, experimental, and computational techniques are also reviewed. The document aims to provide a comprehensive resource on compressor aerodynamics.

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Nico Scheggia
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273 views4 pages

Compressor Aerodynamics

This document provides an overview of compressor aerodynamics. It discusses key topics such as blade and flow design, work input, scaling, losses, and efficiency. It also examines specific compressor types including axial and centrifugal compressors. Flow phenomena like stall, surge, vibration, and noise are analyzed. Design, experimental, and computational techniques are also reviewed. The document aims to provide a comprehensive resource on compressor aerodynamics.

Uploaded by

Nico Scheggia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compressor

aerodynamics

N.A. Cumpsty
Department of Engineering
University of Cambridge

Longman
Scientific &
Technical
Copublished in the United States with
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
Contents

Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
Notation xiii

1 Useful basic ideas -• 1


1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Blades and flow 1
1.3 Work input into compressors 4
1.4 Dynamic scaling 11
1.5 Losses 21
1.6 Efficiency 34

General design considerations 46


2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 The axial compressor 47
2.3 The radial compressor 62
2.4 The matching of multistage compressors 78

Throughflow on the hub-casing surface and some


aspects of flow in three dimensions 93
3.1 Introduction 93
3.2 Approximations applicable to axial compressors: simple
radial equilibrium 97
3.3 Early developments 102
3.4 Practical methods for the meridional flow 106
3.5 Applications of streamline curvature methods in axial
compressors 114
3.6 Mixing in multistage axial flow compressors 121
3.7 Axial compressor off-design trends 126
3.8 Flow chart — use of a streamline curvature method in
analysis mode for an axial compressor 129
4 Blade-to-blade flow for axial compressors with
subsonic inlet flow 132
4.1 Introduction • 132
4.2 The effect of blade shape 140
4.3 Loading limits for blade rows 149
4.4 The selection of incidence 159
4.5 The prediction of deviation 168
4.6 The determination and prediction of losses 171
4.7 The effect of Reynolds number on blade performance 176
4.8 The effect of inlet Mach number on blade performance 180
4.9 Concluding remarks 191

5 Blade-to-blade flow for axial compressors with


supersonic inlet flow 194
5.1 Introduction 194
5.2 Choked flow with attached shocks — 'unique
incidence' 198
5.3 Operation with detached shocks 205
5.4 Shock structure and the nature of flow in supersonic
rotors 209
5.5 Losses in supersonic blading 214
5.6 The design process for supersonic blades 217

6 The centrifugal impeller 220


6.1 Introduction 220
6.2 The flow pattern in impellers 223
6.3 Calculation methods and predictions of flow in impellers 236
6.4 Slip and the estimation of slip factor 245
6.5 Loss in impellers 249
6.6 Design choices for the impeller 254

7 The diffuser of the centrifugal compressor 266


7.1 Introduction 266
7.2 The nonuniform flow from the impeller 269
7.3 The vaneless diffuser 276
7.4 The vaned diffuser 285
7.5 The volute or scroll 301

8 Viscous effects in compressors 310


8.1 Introduction 310
8.2 Three-dimensional viscous flows in compressors 314
8.3 Axial blade boundary layers 320
8.4 Flow in the endwall regions of axial compressors 331
8.5 Viscous effects in centrifugal compressors 356

\ 9) Stall and surge 359


9.1 Introduction 359
9.2 Instability and the inception of stall 369
9.3 Post stall behaviour 391
9.4 The flow in the rotating stall cell 398
9.5 Stability enhancement: casing treatment 401

10 Vibration and noise 410


10.1 Introduction 410
10.2 Vibration 410
Mechanical vibration modes All
Forced vibration 415
Flutter All
Supersonic unstalled flutter All
10.3 Noise 428
Scales and rating of noise 429
Elementary acoustics 431
Compressor and fan noise 440
Non-aeronautical aspects of compressor noise 455
Acoustic treatment 457

11 Design, Measurement and computation 459


11.1 Introduction 459
11.2 Understanding and design 459
11.3 Experimental techniques 461
11.4 Mathematical techniques 466

Appendix Blade profile families for axial compressors 479

Bibliography 484

Index 505

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