“Assam At a Glance” Series

RIVER SYSTEM
OF ASSAM
অসমৰ নদ - নদীসমূহ
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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
Some Important Points
Transboundary River
i N S I G H T

● A transboundary river is a river that crosses at least one political border

or an international boundary.
S T U D Y

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Perennial River
● A stream or a river that flows continuously through its river bed for a
i N S I G H T

year is known as a perennial river. They have water in their river bed for
the whole year. Examples of perennial rivers are, the Brahmaputra,
Ganges, Indus, etc.

Braided Rivers
Braided rivers are a type of river that form a network of
many branches within a channel. They often form when
S T U D Y

the bedload sediment is high compared to the suspended

load, which then helps the development of bars, creating
the braided character. Fast flow and steep gradients
characterize braided rivers.

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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
River mouth
 The place of origin of the river is known as its Source. The place
i N S I G H T

where it joins a lake or sea or an ocean is known as the River

mouth
S T U D Y

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DELTA
•
i N S I G H T

 The large of sediments a fan

shaped by river deposition. Deltas
are excellent productive lands.
They have more minerals which
favour cultivation. E.g. Cauvery
delta, Ganges delta, Mississippi
delta
S T U D Y

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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
LEVEES & FLOOD PLAIN
• A flood plain is a flat area of land adjacent to a river. It stretches from
i N S I G H T

the bank of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls which
experiences flooding during the period of high discharge.
• Raised bed and a bank of the river due to frequent flooding and
deposition of the sediments is called levees
S T U D Y

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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
Brahmaputra River
I N S I G H T

 Trans-boundary river- China, India

and Bangladesh.
 It is a classic example of a perennial
and braided river.
 Length 3,080 Km (NCERT-2880 Km)
 Old Sanskrit name- Lauhitya, Luit.
 15th longest and 9th largest river in
S T U D Y

the world by discharge.

Known as Jamuna River in Bangladesh
 Kangchenjunga (3rd highest mountain
in the world)- highest point within the
Brahmaputra basin.

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Source

 Chemayungdung Glacier of the Kailash range, east

I N S I G H T

of the Mansarover lake.

 New Opinion Angsi Glacier in Tibet, southeast of
Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar.
 Here the river is known as Yarlung Tsangpo.

Runs parallel to Himalayas for 1200km in Tibet.

S T U D Y

Turns south creating a deep gorge through the

Himalayas near Namcha Barwa (Yarlung Tsangpo
Grand Canyon) and enters India through
Arunachal Pradesh.

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Entry in India
I N S I G H T

 Known as Yarlung Tsangpo in China.

Enters India in Arunachal with the name -
Siang River.
On plain in ARUNACHAL PRADESH-
Dihang.
Arunachal-Dihang Flows for about 35 km
southward joined by Dibang River and
S T U D Y

Lohit River near Sadiya town, at the head of

the Assam Valley.

Dihang+Dibang+Lohit =
Brahmaputra

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Course in Bangladesh

The Brahmaputra enters the plains of Bangladesh

I N S I G H T

after turning south around the Garo Hills below

Dhuburi (Assam).
In Bangladesh, it is joined by Tista (Teesta) River on
its right bank. Brahmaputra splits into two
distributaries:
-The western branch, as the Jamuna-to merge
with the lower Ganga (Padma)-north of Goalundo
S T U D Y

Ghat.
-The eastern branch, much smaller- Old
Brahmaputra-curves southeast to join the Meghna
River near Dhaka.
Padma and Meghna converge near Chandpur and
flow out into the Bay of Bengal as Meghna.
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I N S I G H T
S T U D Y RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM

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Tributary and Distributary
I N S I G H T
S T U D Y

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Important Notes

Brahmaputra length 915 km in India and 720 km in assam.

I N S I G H T

After entering Bangladesh, the Brahmaputra river is known as the Jamuna

river (not to be confused with the Yamuna of India).
 It is known as Red River (Ronganodi) in India.
There are 57 tributaries in northern site and 33 in southern site.
Subansiri River is the right northern bank and longest tributary of
Brahmaputra River.
It forms Sundarban Delta with Ganga in Bangladesh and a little part in West
Bengal
S T U D Y

Kopili River is the largest south bank tributary of the Brahmaputra.

In Arunachal Pradesh jiabharali river known as kameng river.
Manas river joins the Brahmaputra River at Jogighopa.
Sadiya - Dhubri stretch of Brahmaputra River was declared as the National
Waterway No.2 in 2011.
Brahmaputra river Sisu (Dolphin) is the State Aquatic Animal of Assam.
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Bridges over Brahmaputra Important Tributaries
Northern Southern
I N S I G H T

Old Saraighat (1962)

New Saraighat (2017) Subansiri Burhi Dihing
Koliabhomora (1987) Jiabharali Dikhou
Naranarayan Setu (1998) Manas Dhansiri
Bogibeel (2018) Pagladia Kopili
Champapati Dichang
S T U D Y

Godadhar
Puthimari
Sankosh
Beki
Major Distributories: Jamuna river
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S T U D Y RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM

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S T U D Y RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM

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Some Information

● Naranarayan Setu: It has a length of 2.284 kilometres and

I N S I G H T

connects Jogighopa, a town of Bongaigaon District on the north with

Pancharatna, a town of Goalpara District on the south.

● Bogibeel Bridge: The bridge connects Dibrugarh in south to Dhemaji in

the north. It is 4.94 KM long.

● Kaliabhomora Bridge: Sonitpur ( today's Tezpur ) on the north bank and

S T U D Y

Nagaon District on the south bank. Length is 1.492 km.

 Old Saraighat (1962) – 1.492 KM

 New Saraighat (2017) – 1.49 KM

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Barak River
I N S I G H T

The Barak River is a 900 KM long (560 mi).

524 KM is in India and about 450 KM long in
Assam. 31 km on Indo - Bangladesh border and
the rest is in Bangladesh.
The Barak is the second largest river system in
the North East India as well as in Assam.
Barak River, also called Surma river in
northeastern India and eastern Bangladesh.
S T U D Y

River flowing through the states of Manipur,

Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India and into
the Bay of Bengal via Bangladesh.

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 Source –
Mukru River, Manipur.
 The Barak River rises from the Manipur hills,
I N S I G H T

south of Mao in Senapati district of Manipur at an

elevation of 2,331 m. It flows then along
Nagaland-Manipur border through hilly terrains
and enters Assam.
 The Katakhal, Jiri, Chiri, Modhura, Longai, Sonai,
Rukni and Singla are the main tributaries of the
valley. The tributaries are mainly rain fed and
S T U D Y

cause flood problems when precipitation occurs.

After entering into modern Karimganj District in
south Assam, Barak divides in two, with the
northern branch being called the Surma River
and the southern branch the Kushiyara River.
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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
● The Barak River is a 900 KM long (560 mi) river flowing through the
states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India and into
I N S I G H T

the Bay of Bengal via Bangladesh.

● Of the 900 KM, 524 KM is in India, 31 km on Indo – Bangladesh border

and the rest is in Bangladesh.

● The navigable portion of Barak River in India, the 121 km stretch

between Lakhipur and Bhanga has been declared as National Waterway
S T U D Y

6, (NW-6) in the year 2016.

● The principal tributaries of the Barak are all in India and are the River
Sonai (Tuirial River), the Jiri, the Tlawng (Dhaleswari / Katakal), the Longai
and the Madhura.
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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
The navigable portion of Barak River in India, the 121 km stretch between
Lakhipur and Bhanga has been declared as National Waterway 6, (NW-6) in
the year 2016.
I N S I G H T

Tipaimukh Dam is a proposed embankment dam on the Barak River.

The river enters Bangladesh as Surma and Kushiyara. Later, the river is
called the Meghna and receives the combined flow of the Ganga and
Brahmaputra.
S T U D Y

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 RIVER SYSTEM OF ASSAM
Manas River

 The Manas or Gongri river, which originates in the

I N S I G H T

West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.

 The Manas River is a transboundary river in the
Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and
India.
 It is named after Manasa, the serpent god in Hindu
mythology.
 Manas River known in Bhutan as the Drangme
S T U D Y

Chhu and in China Niamjang.

 It is the largest river system of Bhutan, among its
four major river systems; the other three are Amo Chu
or Torsa river, Wong Chu or Raidak, Puna Tshang Chu
or Sankosh. It is met by three other major streams
before it again debouches into India in western Assam.
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 Manas River is the northern tributary of
Brahmaputra.
I N S I G H T

 Total length of the river- 400 KM (250 mi).

 Flows through Tibet, China for 24 KM (15
mi).
 Flows in Bhutan for 272 KM (169 mi) and
then flows through Assam for 104 kilometres
(65 mi) before it joins the mighty
Brahmaputra River at Jogighopa.
S T U D Y

 River Lhobrak or Kuri chhu is the central

tributory of Manas in Bhutan.
 The Aie River is a tributary of the Manas River
in the Indian state of Assam and it joins at
Bangpari (Chirang district).
Credit: Testbook
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