PROPOSED PAVILION SQUARE KUALA LUMPUR

CONDITION SURVEY AND MONITORING

SECTION 01017
CONDITION SURVEY AND MONITORING
INDEX TO SPECIFICATION

CLAUSE PAGE

1.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Related Sections.....................................................................................................................2
1.3 Standards and Regulations ....................................................................................................2
1.4 Trade Preambles ....................................................................................................................2
1.5 Definitions ...............................................................................................................................3

2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................4

2.1 The Survey .............................................................................................................................4
2.2 Instrumentation and Monitoring ..............................................................................................4
2.3 Noise Nuisance.......................................................................................................................5

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................6

3.1 Instrumentation .......................................................................................................................6
3.2 Camera ...................................................................................................................................6

4.0 EXECUTION AND WORKMANSHIP ...............................................................................................6

4.1 Working Method......................................................................................................................6
4.2 Photographic Record ..............................................................................................................6
4.3 Installation of Instrumentation.................................................................................................6
4.4 Crack Survey ..........................................................................................................................6
4.5 Level Survey ...........................................................................................................................6
4.6 Reflector Targets ....................................................................................................................7
4.7 Plumb Survey .........................................................................................................................7
4.8 Record of Defects ...................................................................................................................7
4.9 Reading of Crackmeters and Tiltmeters .................................................................................7
4.10 Readings of Vibration Sensors ...............................................................................................7
4.11 Monitoring Records ................................................................................................................7
4.12 Reinstatement.........................................................................................................................7

5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS .............................................................................................8

5.1 Submissions ...........................................................................................................................8
5.2 Survey Records ......................................................................................................................8
5.3 Monitoring Records ................................................................................................................9
5.4 Interpretative Reporting ....................................................................................................... 10
5.5 Post-completion Survey Records ........................................................................................ 10
PROPOSED PAVILION SQUARE KUALA LUMPUR
CONDITION SURVEY AND MONITORING

This specification section is the copyright of DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd. No reproduction either in part or
in whole in any manner whoever is allowed without written permission from DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd.

Date Revision Prepared and Checked By Approved By

(Project Engineer) (Project Director)

21 Feb 2020 - SWT, JFS TCH

6 Nov 2020 A SWT, JFS TCH

PROPOSED PAVILION SQUARE KUALA LUMPUR
CONDITION SURVEY AND MONITORING

1.0 GENERAL

Read with the Particular Specification, and all other contract documents.

This technical specification shall form part of the Contract and the Contractor shall allow for all
obligations, requirements, considerations, etc. to comply with the specification. The Contractor is
also deemed to have visited the site and fully acquainted himself as to the nature and
practicability of the works. No claims will be entertained as a result of his failure to do all of the
above.

The Consulting Civil and Structural Engineer is DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd. The Contractor is to
note that when the term ‘Engineer’ in the following Specification means the representative of the
Consulting Engineer.

The Contractor is to note that when the term Client is referred to in the Specifications, such term
shall be deemed to mean the Employer/Developer unless the context otherwise requires.

The Contractor is to note that when the term Engineer is referred to in the following specification,
such term shall be deemed to mean The Architect as defined in the Articles of Agreement or any
other person designated in writing by the Architect from time to time to exercise the power of the
Architect as required.

The Works shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Building By-
Laws of Malaysia, the Malaysian Standards and Codes of Practices, Malaysian Standards
Eurocodes current at the date of tender and to the satisfaction of the local Building Authorities
empowered to control the Works, the Specifications and drawings supplied to the Contractor and
any other instructions issued by the Engineer/Architect or their representative from time to time.

Any reference in the Specifications to a Malaysian Standard (MS), Eurocodes (EC) or Code of
Practices (CP) shall imply the latest version at the time of tender of the applicable Standards or
Code of Practices. Should there be any discrepancy between these Specifications and the MS,
EC or CP, the more onerous requirement/s shall be adopted. The Engineer has the sole
discretion to modify or upgrade the specifications, drawings and documents to comply fully with
MS, EC or CP requirements at no additional cost and time to the Contract.

1.1 Scope

This specification covers the requirements for the condition survey and monitoring of
buildings, services and other structures within the area of influence of other
construction works. The survey may be carried out prior to and / or after the execution
of the other construction works.

It applies generally to buildings and structures that could be affected by works such
as:

(a) Demolition
(b) Piling
(c) Earthworks

The requirements for instrumentation for monitoring are given in SECTION 01018
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING.

1.1.1 Prescribed Scope of Survey and Monitoring

Refer to SECTION 01016 PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION.

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1.2 Related Sections

Read this section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the following work
sections:

01018 INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

1.3 Standards and Regulations

Where the works are done as required by the authorities, comply with all standards
and regulation as directed by the authorities.

1.4 Trade Preambles

1.4.1 Contractor’s Submissions and Proposals

Propose suitable methods of survey and instrumentation for the purpose of

monitoring, for Engineer’s acceptance and comply with such.

Responsible for the provision of adequate numbers of inclinometers,

piezometers, water standpipes, 3D prism, vibration sensor, noise meter,
settlement markers along the site boundary, and building settlement markers
and tiltmeters at the adjacent properties, for monitoring during the excavation
and construction works.

Propose the locations to the Engineer acceptance, MRTC and/or relevant

authorities for approval.
Allow for minimum frequency of monitoring as specified in the respective
sections and drawings where indicated.

1.4.2 Access to Adjacent Sites

Obtain appropriate permission for access to adjacent sites prior to

commencement of the works.

1.4.3 Quality Control Plan

Submit and work to a quality control plan as agreed with the Engineer.

1.4.4 Verification of information

Obtain relevant information on existing buildings and structures from the

Engineer. Verify the information given and, if necessary, carry out additional
investigation or request from the MRTC and/or relevant authorities to ensure
that adequate information is available to carry out the works

1.4.5 Notice of Survey

Provide within 2 weeks on contract commencement date, notice of the

intended date and scope of condition and post-condition surveys to the
affected parties.

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1.4.6 Instrumentation and Monitoring

Install suitable instrumentation for continuous monitoring of the conditions of

the prescribed buildings in the course of other construction works. The
monitoring shall include but not limited to the following instrumentation: -

§ Inclinometers
§ Piezometers
§ Water Standpipes
§ Vibration Sensors
§ Settlement Markers
§ Load Cells

Based on the condition of the buildings surveyed, propose suitable schedule

of instrumentation and frequency of readings for Engineer’s acceptance.
Allow adequate time to procure and install the instruments and
subsequently provide initial readings prior to commencing any piling or
excavation works.

Take cognisance of and co-ordinate with other contractors on site who may
be carrying out instrumentation and monitoring works to avoid duplication of
installation and readings.

For general requirements of the instrumentation, refer to SECTION 01018

INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING.

1.4.6.1 Instrumentation Engineer

Engage qualified instrumentation engineer(s) to the Engineer’s

acceptance to install and record readings for all the instruments.

1.5 Definitions

(a) Trigger Value The value of movement or vibration detected as

reaching the “Alert” or “Action” or “Alarm” level as
defined below.

(b) Alert Level The value of movement or vibration detected at

which all stakeholders (e.g. MRTC, rail operators,
SPAD and the likes) are to be notified. Joint
inspection shall be arranged. Mitigation and
contingency measures shall be proposed for
approval. Construction works shall continue with
close monitoring and supervision.
(c) Action Level The value of movement or vibration detected at
which all stake holders are to be notified. Joint
inspection shall be arranged. Mitigation and
contingency measures shall be proposed for
approval. Weekly updates to stakeholders shall
be carried-out.
(d) Alarm Level The value of movements or vibration detected at
which works shall be make safe and ceased
immediately. All stakeholders shall be notified.
Emergency joint inspection shall be carried out.
Remedial works if required shall be approved by
stakeholders. Works shall not resume without
prior written approval from stakeholders.

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2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 The Survey

Provide adequate information to allow agreement as to the condition of the identified

buildings/structures/services prior to the commencement of the construction works
and any change in that condition that has occurred during and upon completion of the
construction works.

Sections of the report relating to individual owners of the nearby and adjacent
buildings/properties must be distributed to the respective owners prior to commencing
any Works on Site.

Confirm in writing to Engineer and authorities (e.g. MRTC, SPAD, DBKL etc.) when
this requirement has been complied with.

The overall precondition survey, certified by the Contractor’s Professional Engineer

(PE) must be submitted to the Engineer, not later than two weeks prior to any Works
commencing on Site. A copy of the complete report must be retained on Site.

Any delays in the issuance of the Permit to Commence Piling/Building Works due to
either an incomplete report, or a report unacceptable to the authorities remains the full
responsibility of the Contractor.

2.2 Instrumentation and Monitoring

Provide adequate record to identify changes that occurred and to allow changes to
methods of the construction works such as to avoid or minimise damage to the
surveyed buildings.

When planning for suitable methods and instrumentation for the survey, take account
on the limits on movements and levels of vibration, refer to SECTION 01018
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING, as well as in the respective specifications
relevant to the other construction works. Also take account of the frequency of
monitoring as indicated in the respective sections.

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2.3 Noise Nuisance

Take all necessary actions to ensure compliance with the environmental protection
and management regulations or the latest noise control regulations imposed by the
relevant authorities. In the absence of any guide, the noise level (maximum allowable
equivalent continuous noise level measured over a period of 5 minutes in dB) at the
nearest occupied building outside the site shall not exceed the following permissible
noise level. If there are specific guide published by the relevant authorities, the latest
applicable regulations shall apply.

Mon-Fri Sat/Eve of PH Sun/ PH

7pm to 10pm

10pm to 7am

7pm to 10pm

10pm to 7am

10pm to 7am
7pm to 10pm
7am to 7pm

7am to 7pm

7am to 7pm
Types of
affected
buildings

(a) Hospital,
school,
No
home for 75 55 75 55 No Work
Work
the aged,
sick etc

(b) Residential
Buildings
located less
than 150m 90 70 55 90 70
from the
construction
site

(c) Buildings
other than
those in (a) 90 70 90 70 90 70
and (b)
above
Note: Noise levels in dBA (Leq 5mins)

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3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 Instrumentation

For general requirements of the instrumentation and monitoring works refer to

SECTION 01018 INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING.

3.2 Camera

Use camera capable of producing digital records of the survey unless otherwise
agreed with the Engineer.

4.0 EXECUTION AND WORKMANSHIP

4.1 Working Method

Plan to carry out the Works in a manner that the Works do not cause any damage to
the buildings or properties. Submit a workable and reliable working method to the
Engineer for acceptance. If damage is inevitable provide a solution to rectify the
damage to the Engineer for acceptance prior to commencement of any work.

4.2 Photographic Record

Submit colour photographs, their negatives and *.jpg or *.bmp format files to the
Engineer for record. Comply with size and other requirements as described in the
contract. Where a digital camera is used, submit an electronic copy of the
photographs in either *.jpg or *.bmp format in place of the photograph negatives.

The photographs shall show clearly all required details and shall contain a graduated
scale and colour chart for reference. These shall be taken under natural light
condition and the intensity of light shall be uniform to reflect the natural colour of the
intended objects. Use flashlight only as agreed.

Ensure that all labels and markers are clearly identified within the photograph.

4.3 Installation of Instrumentation

Give at least 48 hours notice of the intention to install any instrument unless otherwise
agreed by the Engineer. Install all instruments and establish initial readings prior to
the construction activity or area of works to which they relate unless otherwise agreed
by the Engineer.

4.4 Crack Survey

Carry out a visual survey of all structural elements in the adjacent properties for
cracks in excess of 0.1mm. Notify the Engineer if there are signs of structural
damages. Mark the location of cracks thus identified on plans and elevations as
appropriate.

The survey shall include at least the cracks previously identified and agreed in the
report as described in the contract.

4.5 Level Survey

Establish the initial (datum) reading of each survey point and submit records to the
Engineer. Protect the datum during monitoring period.

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4.6 Reflector Targets

Install prism reflector targets at the locations shown in the drawings.

4.7 Plumb Survey

Carry out a plumb survey to establish the verticality of the members where necessary.

4.8 Record of Defects

Record any obvious defects on plans/elevations.

4.9 Reading of Crackmeters and Tiltmeters

Typical details of acceptable installations for ground and building settlement points
are shown in the drawings.

Submit for approval details of any alternative installations.

Monitor and record the levels of ground survey and building settlement points
throughout the duration of the Works to the accuracy of 0.5mm.

4.10 Readings of Vibration Sensors

To be carried out by qualified personnel only.

4.11 Monitoring Records

Review the monitoring records on receipt. Notify the Engineer immediately if the alert
or work suspension levels are reached and agree any action proposed.

4.12 Reinstatement

Reinstate all affected or damaged areas to the acceptance of the Engineer.

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5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Method Statement

Submit to the Engineer for acceptance a method statement containing the

following information for each building/structure/service to be surveyed and
monitored:

(a) nature of survey to be undertaken

(b) scheduling and timing of survey and monitoring
(c) differentiating between initial survey and subsequent monitoring
(d) effect of alert and work suspension levels on timing of subsequent
monitoring
(e) personnel undertaking survey and monitoring
(f) special concern and method of survey and monitoring
(g) anticipated damage to the surveyed area and proposed method of
reinstatement

5.1.2 Proposals for Monitoring

Provide proposals for monitoring in the form of a method statement to the

Engineer prior to commencement of the work or as soon as practical during
the survey if the results indicate the need for additional monitoring.

The proposals shall include:

(a) proposed instrumentation

(b) details and drawings of instruments
(c) manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations for installation and
maintenance
(d) details of sequence of assembly and connections
(e) location of instrumentation
(f) programme of installation
(g) details of monitoring arrangements and verification procedures
(h) frequency of readings
(i) format of records

5.1.3 Quality Control Plan

Submit a Quality Manual containing a QA/QC programme for the Works to

the Engineer for acceptance within directed time frame.

The Quality Manual is to include at least information on the following:

(a) Quality policy

(b) Organisation charts and responsibilities
(c) Internal quality control and audits
(d) Facilities and equipment
(e) Calibration and testing of equipment
(f) Testing and inspection procedures
(g) Subcontractors and suppliers

5.2 Survey Records

Submit survey records within 1 week after completion of the survey. Provide each
neighbouring owner a copy of relevant portion of the survey as directed by the
Engineer.

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5.3 Monitoring Records

5.3.1 General

Submit two copies of preliminary records of the installation of each

instrument within 24 hours from the time of installation of each instrument.

Submit final records for each instrument incorporating any comments from
the Engineer within seven days of completion of installation of each
instrument.

5.3.2 Record information

The records shall incorporate a graphical illustration of the instrument

installation and shall include the following information:

(a) Instrument number and location (in eastern and northern co-ordinates
and level).
(b) Names of personnel responsible for installation.
(c) Time and date for commencement and completion of instrument.
(d) Plant and labour used.
(e) Ground conditions encountered (if applicable).
(f) Details of instrument installation (grout, fixings etc).
(g) Instrument readings during installation, calibration and immediately
after installation are completed.
(h) Location of instrument terminals, housings and any leads or cabling.
(i) Details of any splices, numbers of casings or joins.
(j) Details of any breakdowns or delays.

5.3.3 Factual Reporting

Submit the factual reports prepared and endorsed by Professional Engineer

of monitoring results bi-weekly during piling and excavation works, and
weekly throughout the construction activities. Submit in an acceptable
format including a plan showing the location of the structure and
instrumented lines and comprise of at least the following:

(a) Plots of measured parameters vs time, depth and/or location of

construction activity with reference to each instrument etc. as agreed
with the Engineer.
(b) A comparison of data with predetermined trigger values (Alert or Work
suspension levels), e.g. Settlement Vs Time, horizontal deflections vs
time, load vs depth of excavation, settlement vs location of construction
activity / depth of excavation etc.
(c) Highlight of idle or damage instrument and provide estimated time
frame for corrective measures.

5.3.4 Interpretative Reporting

5.3.4.1 Frequency

Based on the factual information received, submit interpretative

reports of monitoring results bi-weekly during piling and
excavation works, and weekly throughout the construction
activities.

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When established trends indicate potential problems then such

areas of concern shall be re-appraised at intervals consistent with
the data collection and reports issued accordingly as required.

5.3.4.2 Report content

Interpretative Reports shall include a summary plot of all

instrumented lines or points which indicate a trend (including
historical data where appropriate) that could result in a work
suspension level being exceeded and any instrumented line or
point in which a work suspension level has been exceeded.
Submit recommendations for any protective measures or actions
that are necessary.

5.4 Interpretative Reporting

5.4.1 Frequency

Based on the factual information received, submit interpretative reports of

monitoring results twice a week during piling and excavation works, and
weekly throughout the construction activities.

When established trends indicate potential problems then such areas of

concern shall be re-appraised at intervals consistent with the data collection
and reports issued accordingly as required.

5.4.2 Report content

Interpretative Reports shall include a summary plot of all instrumented lines

or points which indicate a trend (including historical data where appropriate)
that could result in a work suspension level being exceeded and any
instrumented line or point in which a work suspension level has been
exceeded. Submit recommendations for any protective measures or actions
that are necessary.

5.5 Post-completion Survey Records

Submit the post-completion survey for the Engineer for record. Follow the same
procedures as for the pre-condition survey unless otherwise required by the Engineer.

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INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

SECTION 01018
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING
INDEX TO SPECIFICATION

CLAUSE PAGE

1.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Related Sections.....................................................................................................................1
1.3 Standards and Regulations ....................................................................................................2
1.4 Trade Preambles ....................................................................................................................2

2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................3

2.1 Quality of Instrumentation .......................................................................................................3

3.0 MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................3

3.1 Schedule of Instrumentation ...................................................................................................3
3.2 Remote Data Acquisition ........................................................................................................3
3.3 Inclinometer (Manual Read) ...................................................................................................5
3.4 In-place Inclinometers (Remote Read) ...................................................................................6
3.5 Magnetic Extensometers ........................................................................................................7
3.6 Rod Extensometers ................................................................................................................8
3.7 Tape Extensometers ..............................................................................................................8
3.8 Deep Levelling Datum ............................................................................................................9
3.9 Levels .....................................................................................................................................9
3.10 Piezometers ............................................................................................................................9
3.11 Vibration Monitors ................................................................................................................ 10
3.12 Settlement Markers ............................................................................................................. 10
3.13 Tell-Tales ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.14 Reflector Targets ................................................................................................................. 11
3.15 Temperature Sensors .......................................................................................................... 11
3.16 Strain Gauges ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.17 Water Standpipes ................................................................................................................ 11
3.18 Load Cell .............................................................................................................................. 11

4.0 EXECUTION AND WORKMANSHIP ............................................................................................ 12

4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Instrument Reading and Records ........................................................................................ 14
4.3 Inclinometers (Manual Read) .............................................................................................. 16
4.4 In-place Inclinometers (Remote Read) ................................................................................ 17
4.5 Extensometers ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.6 Deep Levelling Datum ......................................................................................................... 19
4.7 Piezometers ......................................................................................................................... 19
4.8 Strain Gauges ...................................................................................................................... 20
4.9 Vibration Monitoring Device ................................................................................................. 21
4.10 Tell-Tales ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.11 Markers, Crackmeters and Tiltmeters ................................................................................. 21
4.12 Inspection of Adjacent Property ........................................................................................... 21
4.13 Completion........................................................................................................................... 21

5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS .......................................................................................... 22

5.1 Submissions ........................................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Calibration of Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 23
5.3 Records and Reporting ........................................................................................................ 23
PROPOSED PAVILION SQUARE KUALA LUMPUR
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

This specification section is the copyright of DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd. No reproduction either in part or
in whole in any manner whoever is allowed without written permission from DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd.

Date Revision Prepared and Checked By Approved By

(Project Engineer) (Project Director)

21 Feb 2020 - SWK, JFS TCH

6 Nov 2020 A SWK, JFS TCH

PROPOSED PAVILION SQUARE KUALA LUMPUR
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

1.0 GENERAL

Read with the Particular Specification, and all other contract documents.

This technical specification shall form part of the Contract and the Contractor shall allow for all
obligations, requirements, considerations, etc. to comply with the specification. The Contractor is
also deemed to have visited the site and fully acquainted himself as to the nature and
practicability of the works. No claims will be entertained as a result of his failure to do all of the
above.

The Consulting Civil and Structural Engineer is DPE Consultants Sdn Bhd. The Contractor is to
note that when the term ‘Engineer’ in the following Specification means the representative of the
Consulting Engineer.

The Contractor is to note that when the term Client is referred to in the Specifications, such term
shall be deemed to mean the Employer/Developer unless the context otherwise requires.

The Contractor is to note that when the term Engineer is referred to in the following specification,
such term shall be deemed to mean The Architect as defined in the Articles of Agreement or any
other person designated in writing by the Architect from time to time to exercise the power of the
Architect as required.

The Works shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Building By-
Laws of Malaysia, the Malaysian Standards and Codes of Practices, Malaysian Standards
Eurocodes current at the date of tender and to the satisfaction of the local Building Authorities
empowered to control the Works, the Specifications and drawings supplied to the Contractor and
any other instructions issued by the Engineer/Architect or their representative from time to time.

Any reference in the Specifications to a Malaysian Standard (MS), Eurocodes (EC) or Code of
Practices (CP) shall imply the latest version at the time of tender of the applicable Standards or
Code of Practices. Should there be any discrepancy between these Specifications and the MS,
EC or CP, the more onerous requirement/s shall be adopted. The Engineer has the sole
discretion to modify or upgrade the specifications, drawings and documents to comply fully with
MS, EC or CP requirements at no additional cost and time to the Contract.

1.1 Scope

This specification covers the requirements for instrumentation using a number of

different methods and monitoring of the various construction works to:

(a) Determine ground movements as a result of construction.

(b) Determine the effects of settlement on existing structures, services and utilities.
(c) Provide settlement and movement data in a form that will allow direct comparison
with performance criteria and design expectations.

1.2 Related Sections

Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections as follows:

SITE AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

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1.3 Standards and Regulations

Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, ensure all of the Works comply with the
relevant requirements of the Authorities, Regulations, Standards and Codes listed
below or referenced in the body of the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes
may be proposed for approval by the Engineer, provided it can be demonstrated that
the alternative Standards and Codes comply with the requirements of the standards
specified. All Standards and Codes quoted are the current version, unless specific
year references are noted.

In the event that the standards or codes are revised or superseded, refer to the latest
edition or the appropriate substitution for the relevant subjects.

1.4 Trade Preambles

1.4.1 Contractor’s Submissions and Proposals

The schedule of instrumentation and monitoring for the project is indicated

in the drawings and in Clause 3.1 below.

Based on the information issue, propose and submit the following to the
Engineer for acceptance:

1.1.1.1. Select suitable make and model of the instrumentation for the
project.

1.1.1.2. Develop methods and details of the instrumentation installation

and monitoring.

1.1.1.3. Propose suitable schedule for the monitoring reading and records.

1.4.2 Coordination with Other Works

Co-ordinate with other contractors who may carry out other works at the
same time at the site. Take into account of site access, space occupation,
safety and safeguarding of adjoining properties and each other’s works.

1.4.3 Existing Services Affected by the Works

Refer to Preliminaries and conditions and SECTION 01016 PARTICULAR

SPECIFICATION for the requirements to deal with existing services affected
by the works.

1.4.4 Quality Control Plan

Submit and work to a quality control plan as agreed with the Engineer.

1.4.5 Specialist Personnel

1.4.5.1 Borehole installation

Engage qualified crew of not less than two men to the Engineer’s
acceptance for the operation of each boring or drilling rig.

Engage qualified personnel to the Engineer’s acceptance for every

two drilling or boring rigs to supervise all drilling works and to
accurately record all drilling or boring and testing.

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1.4.5.2 Registered land surveyor

Engage a registered land surveyor for surveying of settlement of

the ground surface, roads, drains, buildings, and other structures.

1.4.5.3 Installer

Engage qualified personnel to the Engineer’s acceptance to install

and record readings for all the instruments.

1.4.6 Safety

Provide safety precautions to comply with all current legislation and

regulations, notably:

(a) DOHS Regulations

(b) OSH Act
(c) MRTC Instrumentation & Monitoring Guidelines

For works within Railway Protection Zone, ensure the works comply fully
with Railways (Railway Protection Zone) Regulations 1998.

2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Quality of Instrumentation

Use instruments and measuring devices manufactured by companies with proven

experience in the field of construction or geotechnical instrumentation. Engage
materials, designs and construction of the highest quality to provide robust, corrosion
and vibration resistant instruments. Use only instruments with a satisfactory proven
working life and are fully functional through the duration of the works. The accuracy
and dependability of the equipment shall not be significantly affected by changes in
temperature, humidity, stray currents or contaminants that may be encountered.

2.1.1 Electrical Interference

Ensure that electrical instrumentation is not adversely affected by other

temporary or permanent electrical services and equipment, and does not
affect any other services, activities or equipment within or adjacent to the
Works. Where transformers are used, they shall have safety cutout devices
to guard against overheating.

3.0 MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT

3.1 Schedule of Instrumentation

Refer to Section 01016 Particular Specification and Drawings for the schedule of
instrumentation including the minimum frequency of reading to be implemented for
the works.

3.2 Remote Data Acquisition

Provide data acquisition set up as per requirement in the contract. Provide remote
data acquisition in compliance with the following:

3.2.1 Use of Readout Boxes for Remote Readout

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3.2.1.1 Remote readout facilities

All electrical measuring devices to be capable of being read

remotely using portable readout units connected via the readout
boxes. Supply readout units together with leads for plugging into
the measuring device and readout boxes.

3.2.1.2 Instrument range

Readout boxes to be capable of being placed up to 200 m from

their associated instrumentation or transducers with the specified
accuracy of the instrumentation maintained.

3.2.1.3 Remote readout cover boxes

Readout cover boxes to be made of robust water-resistant metal

construction with lockable sealed doors. Ensure all cable entries to
the cover boxes are through watertight glands.

3.2.1.4 Link to site office

Include modem link and connection for direct computer link to

allow reading for all remotely read instrumentation and make links
to the site office(s) as directed.

Use readout unit devices with facilities for recording monitoring

data directly onto tape or magnetic disc for subsequent computer
processing.

3.2.2 Logger Stations

3.2.2.1 General

Use reliable and safe remote data collection systems with back-up
facilities in the event of mains power failure. Prove the reliability of
the logger prior installation by demonstration and records of
previous works.

Use a flex outlet without switches for all loggers when connected
to the mains electrical supply. Do not use plug sockets.

3.2.2.2 Station requirements

Logger stations are to be:

(a) Capable of reading all instrument types proposed for each

structure.
(b) Programmable to log data at any specified interval,
including real-time.
(c) Capable of accepting new instruments to extend or repair
the proposed system.
(d) Easily connected to an external computer by either a direct
hard wire or modem link as agreed with the Engineer.
(e) Unaffected by external electrical influence, and shall not
affect other electrical equipment.
(f) Safe: in the event of overheating or short circuiting, the
device shall shut down.

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Logger stations are to collect the cabling from the various remotely
read instruments and from local terminal boxes, so that monitoring
can be conveniently carried out from a single position close to any
instrumented section.

3.2.3 Type of Cable

Use cabling and connectors that are robust, water resistant and corrosion
resistant for instrumentation. Use only low smoke zero halon cabling for all
cables, which is durable and suitable for the proposed locations in the
works.

Use items that are extinguishable non-metallic and emit no toxic fumes in
the event of fire.

3.3 Inclinometer (Manual Read)

3.3.1 General

Inclinometers are to take the form of an access tube with four keyways (in
pairs at right angles), which shall be grouted in to a borehole.

Inclinometers, spread around the perimeter of the excavation, shall be

installed in the ground near to the edge of the excavation. These will monitor
the deflection of the ground caused by the earth pressure, water pressure and
other loads acting on the soil mass.

The orientation of the keyways to be such that they are parallel to and
perpendicular to the orientation of any tunnel, excavation or wall or
otherwise as accepted by the Engineer.

3.3.2 System Accuracy

The system accuracy of the inclinometer is to be ±6 mm per 25 m of casing

or better.

The inclinometer and logging system are to be capable of recording

movements in both directions (i.e. biaxial).

3.3.3 Probe

The probe used to have the following:

(a) A wheel base of 500mm.
(b) A measurement range of ±53° or greater from vertical.
(c) A resolution of 0.02mm or greater per 500mm with a repeatability of
±0.003°.
(d) A minimum radius curve for retrieval of 2.2m or less.
(e) A working temperature range of -20° Celsius to +50° Celsius or greater.
(f) A construction (externally) of stainless steel.
(g) A Shock resistance 1000g for 4ms

3.3.4 Data Recorder

Data recorder is to have a capacity of 10,000 data points minimum, with an

operating time of 16 hours or more.

A backup battery is to be incorporated to keep data secure for a minimum of

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72 hours on depletion of primary power source.

Signal shall be emitted to confirm power failure and confirm that the battery
pack is operative.

3.3.5 Taking Readings

When taking readings, insert the inclinometer probe in the tube. The
inclinometer shall travel along the whole length of the tube with its wheels
engaged in each pair of the keyways in turn to obtain deformation
measurements in both directions. A force balance accelerometer within the
probe shall respond to changes in alignment, which shall be displayed on a
portable readout unit.

3.3.6 Calibration Device

Provide a calibration device with the instrument, which calibrates both the
probe and the portable readout unit to the acceptance of the Engineer.

3.3.7 Tubing

Inclinometer tube is to be slotted plastic of 75 mm internal diameter that is

pre-grouted into a minimum 100 mm diameter borehole. Depth of the tube to
be greater than the temporary wall.

Tubing to be of uniform section and free of twist in manufacture and shall

not twist during installation.

3.3.8 Ground Level Installation

At the final ground level fit the inclinometer tubing with a removable cap
within a lockable vandal-proof cover set in a concrete surround.

To protect the installation from accident or vandalism is of the utmost

importance. It shall be done to manufacturer’s recommendations and
protection of these instruments.

The protection, cover and surround details shall be to the acceptance of the
Engineer.

3.4 In-place Inclinometers (Remote Read)

3.4.1 General

The orientation of the keyways to be parallel to and perpendicular to the

orientation of any tunnel, excavation or wall or otherwise as accepted by the
Engineer.

3.4.2 Sensor

Resolution of the sensor to be 0.04mm/m or better and the measuring range

to be at least ±10°. The precision of the sensor to be ±0.1mm per m. The
allowable maximum gauge length to be 3m.

The operating temperature range to be -20° to 50° Celsius and the

compensated temperature range to be 0 to 45° Celsius.

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3.4.3 Electrolevel System

Where specified use electrolevel inclinometer consisting of a waterproof

sensor that is remotely monitored using a computer data logging system.
Use datalogger capable of at least 14 days operation in the event of power
failure.

3.4.4 System Accuracy

The system accuracy of the inclinometer is to be ±6 mm per 25 m of casing

or better.

The inclinometer and logging system are to be capable of recording

movements in both directions (i.e. biaxial).

3.5 Magnetic Extensometers

3.5.1 General

Use magnetic extensometers in the form of a series of magnetic rings

(“spider magnets”) fixed into a maximum 150mm diameter borehole with
plastic tubing of nominal 75mm minimum internal diameter allowing access
to the magnetic points for the measurement of settlement.

3.5.2 Installation of Magnetic Rings

Set a datum magnetic ring at the base of the inclinometer tubing and also
within the instrument chamber base, located at the top of the borehole.

Install the magnetic rings at the depths accepted by the Engineer or at

maximum 3m intervals.

Check that the reading system is reliable and require minimal maintenance
over the required monitoring period. Thermal or other influences shall be
negligible.

3.5.3 System Precision

The system precision to be ±1.0mm.

3.5.4 Measurement of Relative Movement

Measure relative movement between the magnetic ring and the reference
magnetic ring at the top of the holes by a reed switch attached to a stainless
steel tape. Raise and lower the steel tape and reed switch assembly from
the top of the borehole.

The magnetic rings to be housed in splay PVC holders (“spider magnets”)

suited to the ground. Install to the acceptance of the Engineer.

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3.6 Rod Extensometers

3.6.1 General

Use rod extensometers in the form of a rod anchored at the remote end of
the borehole passing into a plastic tube fixed in a reference collar at the
open end of the hole.

3.6.2 Restrictions on Rods

Install no more than six rods in a single hole with each rod of a different
length so that displacements at various borehole depths may be recorded.

Where more than six rods are required, prepare another borehole as close
as possible to the initial hole and rods set at alternate depths in each hole.

3.6.3 Materials

Rods to be fabricated from stainless steel. The grade of steel rod shall suit
the environment and duration of the project. Make provision for threading
the anchor points onto the rod.

3.6.4 Measurement of Relative Movement

Measure relative movement between the end anchor and the reference
collar by an automated measurement device (an electrical transducer)
registering on the free end of the rod and by manual means using a system
to the acceptance of the Engineer.

Extend the reading range beyond that of the measurement device by a

range adjustment device fitted at the reference collar.

3.6.5 Measuring Head

Measuring head to be of design to allow manual readings to be taken.

Extensometers to be of design that make the measurement of both

elongations and reductions in the length between anchorage point and
measuring head possible.

Undertake remote reading using the electrical transducers linked to a logger

station, with an overall accuracy of +0.25 mm and with a measuring range of
150 mm. In the event that movements potentially exceed 150 mm, make
adjustment to allow continued monitoring. Use transducers that are
waterproof to 15bar.

Cabling to the terminal box to be capable of accepting up to six

extensometers from each hole. Provide a battery operated digital readout
device capable of reading to the required overall accuracy.

3.7 Tape Extensometers

Use a tape extensometer comprising of a steel tape, portable measuring instrument

with metric dial calliper and a pair of anchor clips.

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Provide a minimum of two tape extensometers at the commencement of work. These

are to be calibrated against each other, so that in the event of damage to one tape,
accuracy is not compromised.

Use a tape extensometer that is capable of being read to ±0.15 mm, and have a
range of 20 m. Demonstrate a repeatability of reading to ±0.15 mm prior to use.

3.8 Deep Levelling Datum

Deep Levelling Datum to comprise of a 25mm galvanised steel rod cast into a 250mm
diameter grout filled steel casing positioned within a 300mm diameter steel casing.

Fill the annulus between the two casings with grease. The top of the 25 mm steel rod
shall be domed and centre punched.

3.9 Levels

3.9.1 Standard Levelling

Use a basic Engineer’s optical level of an approved make and specification

with a single measurement precision of around ±1mm with a standard
measuring staff.

The accuracy of results here should be within ±3mm.

3.9.2 Precise Levelling

Where more accurate levelling is required provide more precise instrument

to the accuracy as within ±1mm.

3.10 Piezometers

Piezometers shall be in place and calibrated two weeks before any excavation work
starts. They shall be installed at about 1m from the external temporary wall system face,
if any, as soon as practicable after the wall system has been installed.

The piezometer shall measure pore water pressure with an accuracy of not less than
0.5% full scale ±0.2m head of water and a resolution of 0.1m head of water.

3.10.1 Casagrande Piezometers

3.10.1.1 Tube

The standpipe shall be of unplasticised Polyvinylchloride (uPVC),

to BS 3506 (1969) Class 6, of nominal diameter 19mm and
supplied in lengths of 3m.

The tube shall be connected at its lower end by suitable PVC

fitting to a piezometer tip.

3.10.1.2 Filter

Clean sand between grading limits 1200 and 210 microns.

3.10.1.3 Tip

Porous ceramic element or rigid uPVC perforated pipe having an

expanded Polystyrene lining moulded to form an inner tube of not
less than 13mm bore retained in position by a moulded flange as

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approved, of minimum length 150mm and minimum diameter

35mm, protected by uPVC fittings. Permeability to be
approximately 3 x 10-4 m/s.

If the permeability test is to be carried out with a piezometer, the

filter tip shall be increased to at least 900mm in length.

3.10.2 Vibrating Wire Piezometers

3.10.2.1 Type of Tip

Choose the type of tip to suit the expected maximum groundwater

pressure and the characteristics of the surrounding ground. Use
only piezometers with high air-entry tips.

3.10.2.2 ‘Push-in’ Piezometers

Where accepted by the Engineer, ‘push-in’ vibrating wire

piezometers may be used utilising a mandrel of not less than 0.5m
in length. In such cases there will be no requirement for a sand
cell. Backfill using bentonite and grout as directed.

The combined accuracy of the instrument and the readout device

is to be within ±1.0 % of the true pressure. Use an instrument
capable of measuring pressures up to 15bar.

3.10.3 Pneumatic Piezometers

Do not use.

3.11 Vibration Monitors

Type and specification of vibration monitors are to be to manufacturer’s

recommendation and to the Engineer’s acceptance.

Vibration monitors shall be capable of taking and recording data on a continuous

basis. The monitors shall be capable of registering vibrations of magnitude, peak
particle velocities and frequencies above the threshold, and that reflect the normal
construction activities on site.

A plan showing location of all vibration monitoring sensors must be prepared by the
Contractor’s PE. All buildings/structures likely to be affected by either the temporary
works, excavation or piling works must be included with sensors installed.

3.12 Settlement Markers

Provide settlement markers with drive in or cast in survey nails to Engineer’s

acceptance and at agreed locations.

3.13 Tell-Tales

Type and specification of tell-tales to be to manufacturer’s recommendation and to

Engineer’s acceptance.

Tell tales to generally comprise of two clear plastic overlapping plates, one marked
with a millimetre scale the other with a cross-hair marking to allow reading on two
axis.

If the position of tell-tale is out of general sight, it shall be readable without

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obstruction.

3.14 Reflector Targets

Install prism reflector targets at the locations shown in the drawings. Targets should
be durable, not damaged by rain and fixed so that they are not disturbed by vibration.

3.15 Temperature Sensors

Ensure the working range of the sensors to be at least –40° Celsius to +60° Celsius
with an accuracy of ±1° Celsius. All sensors to be capable of being remotely
monitored and the data being downloaded to a computer in an ASCII file format.

3.16 Strain Gauges

3.16.1 General

Vibrating wire strain gauges to have the following characteristics:

(a) Strain range 2500 x 10-6 m/m
(b) Accuracy ±3.0 x10-6 m/m
(c) Resolution 0.5 x 10-6 m/m
(d) Response time to be no more than 10 seconds.

3.16.2 Signal Cable

Shield signal cable with flexible polyurethane jacket. Temperature rated

minimum ranges 0° Celsius to 80° Celsius and to be compatible with the
environment in which the gauges are installed.

3.17 Water Standpipes

The water level is measured normally by lowering a dipmeter probe from ground level.
The water standpipes shall be installed where possible, in sandy layers of high
permeability. Water standpipes shall be in place and calibrated two weeks before any
excavation work starts. They shall be installed at about 1m from the external
temporary wall system face, if any, as soon as practicable after the wall system has
been installed.

The water standpipe shall measure water level with an accuracy of not less than 0.01m
head of water.

Water standpipes shall be installed and readings taken to manufacturer’s instructions.

The water table should not be reduced by more than 1m during excavation in any of the
water standpipes. Should the drop in water level approach this value, then the
Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer and the Contractor must take
immediate action to prevent damage to relevant structures.

3.18 Load Cell

Load cells are to be used for measuring forces in the struts and braces of a strutted
excavation. It is very important to ensure that struts and bracing are accepting loads
and performing their tasks; also whether these members accept greater than designed
loads (indicating that additional struts/bracing may be required).

Measurements of this type would also complement inclinometer readings.

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4.0 EXECUTION AND WORKMANSHIP

4.1 General

4.1.1 Instrument Maintenance

Maintain all instruments, including readout and data loggers, required for
monitoring in a satisfactory working order for the duration of the monitoring
programme.

Protect all instruments. Submit the proposal for rectification and

replacement should any damage occurs to the instrument during the course
of works, to engineer acceptance.

4.1.2 Storage

Securely store all equipment and installation accessories prior to installation

where they will not suffer physical damage or damage arising from
excessive moisture, extremes of temperature or any adverse conditions.

4.1.3 Installation and Testing

Install and test all equipment including connections and fittings in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Reconfirm the depth
of installation of underground instrumentation with the Engineer based on
the soil profile encountered in the borehole for the purpose.

4.1.3.1 Grouting

Do not backfill boreholes with soil arisings, unless otherwise

agreed with the Engineer. Backfill all boreholes with cement
bentonite grout, with standpipes and piezometers together with
their response zones installed at the depths specified, or as
directed by the Engineer.

Introduce the grout using a tremie pipe which is kept below the
surface of the grout as filling proceeds. Agree on methods to be
used where ground conditions make normal grouting
impracticable. Leave the area in a clean and tidy condition.

4.1.3.2 Testing

Undertake testing as necessary to ensure satisfactory functioning

of the equipment at each stage of the installation.

Report any instruments found to be malfunctioning at any time to

the Engineer within 24 hours of the fault being identified, and
replace at the earliest opportunity.

4.1.4 Fixing and Protection

Securely fix all instruments and adequately protect their terminations,

including any attendant wiring and terminal panels, against mechanical
damage and ingress of water and dirt.

Fix the equipment such that it is capable of resisting vandalism and adverse
climatic conditions at surface locations. In addition, protect all instruments
by hoarding or barriers as directed.

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Tag all external visible protective covers to equipment using aluminum rigid
nameplates of minimum size 2500 mm2, swg 24 or similar to the acceptance
of the Engineer, identifying the following:

(a) Project title and Contract No.

(b) Equipment reference number.
(c) A contact name and contact telephone number.

4.1.4.1 Protection details

Protection details for inclinometers, piezometers, extensometers

and settlement points are given in the Drawings. Develop
alternatives if necessary to fit in with site constraints and further
improve protection to the instruments.

Develop also protection systems for other instruments. These

protection systems shall provide a similar or better level of
protection as that provided by the systems shown in the Drawings.

Submit the drawings showing the proposed protection systems to

the Engineer for acceptance. Protect each instrument using the
accepted system.

4.1.4.2 Prevention of damage

Take all sensible measures to prevent damage to the instruments

and ancillary equipment during handling, installation and
subsequent operations. Replace any instrument and/or ancillary
equipment damaged during handling, installation or subsequent
operation immediately.

Snake or coil cabling and tubing to provide sufficient slack to

accommodate potential ground movement.

4.1.5 Instrument Reference System

Establish a logical reference system for all the instrumentation equipment

prior to installation and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, so records for any
particular location can easily be recovered for interpretation or review.

4.1.6 Remote Readout

4.1.6.1 Location of readout boxes

Position readout boxes for ease of access and protect from

damage during construction.

4.1.6.2 Location of logger stations

Position logger stations for ease of access and protect from

damage during construction. Propose locations unless shown
otherwise in the drawings for acceptance by the Engineer.

4.1.6.3 Cable fixing and identification

Fix cabling for the instrumentation neatly and securely to

appropriate cable trays which in turn shall be securely fixed to the
structure. Tag all cabling with an appropriate reference, identifying
the electrolevel or instrument to which it is attached.

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Protect cables in galvanised pipes from ground level to one meter

below cut-off level. In addition, clearly label the cables at 0.5 metre
interval within the protected length. Where possible, use colour-
coded cables for the purpose of identification.

Use single length cable for newly installed vibrating wire

piezometer. Do not allow splicing unless otherwise agreed. When
splicing is allowed, ensure water tightness of the splices in the event
where the cables are damaged and need to be spliced.

4.1.6.4 Identification of cables

Tag each individual cable at least at the instrument end

connection and at the logger connection identifying that cable.
Maintain a schedule showing all cables and their respective
connections.

4.2 Instrument Reading and Records

Records of all readings have to be kept up to date on Site for inspection at any time.
Records shall be kept in the Contractor’s site office and at the office of the Resident
Engineer. All records/data must be certified by the Contractor’s PE and submitted to
the Engineer within one week. The Engineer shall be notified immediately in the event
an alert level is reached for any of the instruments.

Each instrument shall be assigned an identification number. This number shall also be
indicated on: -

§ The drawing of instrumentation layouts

§ The instrument itself
§ The records of measurements

4.2.1 Schedule of Monitoring

Submit a proposed schedule of readings for the acceptance of the Engineer.

Comply with the minimum frequency and duration of readings for each
instrument as stated in Clause 3.1.

Vary the frequency depending upon the stage of the works. In some cases
continuous logging will be required.

Increase the monitoring frequency at any stage as directed by the Engineer

if the performance of the Works being monitored does not perform as
predicted, or the Works are likely to cause adverse effects on the adjacent
properties if they proceed further.

4.2.2 Ground Movements and Vibrations

When planning for suitable methods and schedule for monitoring, take
account of the limits of movement and levels of vibration for the adjacent
buildings as set out in the Section 01016 Particular Specification and
Drawings.

4.2.3 Methods of Taking Readings

Do not use any form of instrument which uses electrical resistance methods
for taking readings unless otherwise agreed.

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4.2.4 Initial Readings

Read all instruments as soon as possible after installation and at least once
per day for a period of two weeks thereafter. Where instruments appear not
to have stabilised, for example exhibiting a continued drift in the readings,
the cause shall be identified and the fault rectified and a new set of readings
provided. When all instruments are showing consistent results for a period
of 1 week, readings shall be averaged to provide a datum reading.

4.2.5 Site Conditions

When recording instrumentation readings, record all site conditions that may
affect the results, including temperature and humidity readings.

Record also the instrument type, location reference, datum and time of
reading, personnel carrying out the readings and measuring instrument or
readout unit reference.

Record any observations of unusual conditions that could influence the

instrumentation or the structure.

4.2.6 Reading Records

Record instrument readings in accepted format for subsequent analysis by

computer.

Take backup copies on a daily basis on two sets of disks; one set to be
stored remote from the site office.

Make corrections for temperature difference or other factors as appropriate,

but uncorrected data shall also be available.

Produce plots of deformation, stress, raw data readings against time

together with plots of temperature and humidity, or other data as directed
when relevant.

4.2.7 Consistency of Instrument Use

Use the same recording devices, e.g. tape extensometers, level, EDM and
Theodolite, etc. at any given location throughout the monitoring programme.

If this becomes impractical, take new datum readings immediately with a

replacement instrument, and use the new instrument for future readings.

4.2.8 Consistency of Readings

Readings shall be taken by the same personnel to maintain consistency. If

personnel need to be replaced for any reason, take a series of three
duplicate readings by both the outgoing person and his replacement.

4.2.9 Consistency of Location

Should a monitoring location become unavailable, read the instrument

previously read from this point from an alternative point, as soon as
practicable after the location becomes unavailable. Use this for all
subsequent readings.

Include a reference to such changes on the summary plots.

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4.3 Inclinometers (Manual Read)

4.3.1 General

All inclinometer tubing and instrumentation shall be resistant to

aggressive/adverse substances in the ground and shall conform to the
requirements for sub-surface installations. For excavation works, the
inclinometers shall be installed such that the lower end is fixed at least 3m in a
rigid stratum and to a depth beyond the toe of the temporary earth retention
wall.

4.3.2 Installation

Insert a slotted plastic inclinometer tube of minimum 60mm internal

diameter into a minimum 100mm diameter borehole or a steel duct of at
least 150 mm cast into any pile or wall.

Withdraw any temporary casing used during boring/drilling at the time of

grouting the inclinometer tubing. Embed the toe of inclinometer into hard
stratum below which the ground movement is negligible. Prior to installation,
propose the installation level for acceptance of the Engineer.

4.3.3 Tubing

Provide the tubing with appropriate couplings for joining tube lengths to the
required borehole length. Cap the base of the tube.

Adequately fix and seal the cap and coupling joints so that the tube is grout-
and dirt-tight.

Lower the joined and sealed tubing into the borehole and grout the annulus
using a bentonite/cement grout tremied to the bottom of the hole. Fix the
tubing from rotation while being lowered.

4.3.4 Probe Location

Provide suitable means of measuring the position of the probe down the
borehole to an accuracy of ±10 mm from a reference point at the top of the
borehole.

Establish the coordinate of the reference point prior to all readings by

surveying from a suitable stable benchmark.

4.3.5 Extension of Inclinometers

Where inclinometers already exist and are to be extended, the new tubing
shall match the existing tubing.

During earthworks operations, extend the inclinometer tubes in lengths and

ahead of the fill to a manner accepted by the Engineer.

4.3.6 Stability and Gain Check

Check stability and gain of the reading system at weekly intervals unless
otherwise agreed, and provide results to the Engineer.

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4.3.7 Spiral and Inclination Check

Carry out spiral and inclination check prior to establishing the datum
reading.

4.4 In-place Inclinometers (Remote Read)

4.4.1 General

Ensure all inclinometer tubing and instrumentation to be resistant to

aggressive/adverse substances in the ground and conform to the
requirements for sub-surface installations. Ensure that the in-place
inclinometer is capable of providing continuous, unattended monitoring data.

4.4.2 Installation

Insert a slotted plastic inclinometer tube of 75 mm internal diameter into a

minimum 100mm diameter borehole or a steel duct of at least 150 mm cast
into any pile or wall.

Any temporary casing used during boring/drilling shall be withdrawn at the

time of grouting the inclinometer tubing. Embed the toe of inclinometer into
hard stratum below which the ground movement is negligible. Prior
installation, propose the installation level for the acceptance of the Engineer.

4.4.3 Tubing

Provide the tubing with appropriate couplings for joining tube lengths to the
required borehole length.

Cap the base of the tube.

Adequately fix and seal the cap and coupling joints so that the tube is grout-
and dirt-tight.

Lower the joined and sealed tubing into the borehole and grout the annulus
using a bentonite/cement grout tremied to the bottom of the hole. Fix the
tubing from rotation while being lowered.

4.4.4 Sensor

Install the biaxially electrolevels at spacing acceptable to the Engineer and

connect with a rod to give a fixed gauge length. At the end of the sensor and
the gauge extension fit a spring loaded wheel assembly. Do not use sensors
mounted on sleds. Check that the spacing of sensor is no greater than 3 m.

4.4.5 Stability and Gain Check

Check stability and gain of the reading system at weekly intervals by means
of three “dummy” electrolevels using precise resistors.

4.4.6 Spiral and Inclination Check

Carry out spiral and inclination checks prior to establishing the datum
reading.

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4.5 Extensometers

4.5.1 Magnetic Inclinometer Extensometers

4.5.1.1 Installation of assembly

(a) Grout the complete downhole assembly in place ensuring that

the access tube and magnets remain undisturbed during
grouting operations.

(b) Seal the access tube to prevent ingress of ground water.

4.5.1.2 Level check

(a) Fix a level survey point to the top of the reference head of the
extensometer to allow precise levelling back to a datum.

(b) Check the level survey point each time the instrument is read,
unless otherwise accepted by the Engineer.

4.5.2 Rod Extensometers

4.5.2.1 Rod assembly

Isolate each rod Individually by its own plastic sleeve and grout
the complete assembly in place, fixing the anchors to the ground
but allowing free movement of each rod within its sleeve.

Ensure a single reference housing receives all of the rods from a

drill hole and provide protection to the reference head and
measurement device.

4.5.2.2 Survey point

Fix a level survey point to the top of the reference head of the
extensometer to allow precise levelling back to a datum.

4.5.2.3 Use of casing

Use casing to stabilise holes through unstable ground.

Determine the lengths of rods using the level of the ground at the
hole location. For grout used for backfilling, use bentonite/cement
mix with just sufficient water to allow it to be tremied to the bottom
of the holes.

4.5.3 Tape Extensometers

Locate and fix anchors in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.

Take measurements by connecting the tape hook to the pertinent eyebolt

and the tape stretched across to the next bolt.

Adjust the tension of the tape and take the tape and calliper readings.
Use the same extensometer for each set of readings to maintain
consistency.

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4.6 Deep Levelling Datum

4.6.1 Installation

Install a 300mm diameter casing not less than 300 mm into firm ground.
Install the 250 mm diameter casing not less than 1500mm beneath the
300mm casing and fill with water cement grout that is just pumpable. Ensure
the founding depth of deep levelling datum to be such that the founding
strata is not affected by the construction activity.

4.6.2 Protection

Protect the top of the Deep Levelling Datum by a manhole cover and by a
surface protection barrier to the acceptance of the Engineer.

4.7 Piezometers

4.7.1 Installation of Sand Filter

In placing the sand, ensure that no sand adheres to the soil in the sides of
an unlined hole. Where there is water in a hole, allow sufficient time for all
the sand to settle, and take measurements of the upper surface of the sand
from time to time to ensure this. Record the final elevation of the top of the
sand.

4.7.2 Bentonite Seal

Tamp the bentonite seal formed of either stiff hard rolled balls or pellets over
the sand to a thickness of approximately 1500 mm. Backfill the hole with
bentonite/cement grout mix to the acceptance of the Engineer. Terminate
grout backfill at the base of the instrumentation chamber.

4.7.3 De-airing of Piezometer Tip

Check that the tip of each piezometer is air free and the porous stone of the
tip is fully saturated by submergence in clean de-aired water for a period of
at least 24 hours prior to installation.

Confirm complete de-airing of the porous stone by periodic weighing.

4.7.4 Piezometer Installation

Install each piezometer in a separate borehole of 100mm nominal diameter.

Carry out the complete installation as soon as practicable, no later than 24

hours after drilling, in order to minimise the amount of deterioration or
alteration of the ground at the location of the piezometer tip. Carry out
drilling to the required depth without the use of air-flush in the vicinity of the
tip position.

4.7.5 Use of Casing

Use casing to stabilise the hole through unstable ground.

If casing is used to maintain the hole open, withdraw it carefully so as not to

damage the instruments or cables, concurrently with the progress of the
backfilling.

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4.7.6 Testing Before Installation

Test all piezometers before installation by submergence in still clean water

to a series of depths appropriate to the anticipated pressure range of
operation in order to verify the calibration and accuracy of the instrument.

4.7.7 Records

Keep accurate records of the depths of the piezometers, sand surrounds

and seals, and record readings at each stage of the installation. For push-in
piezometers, record the increase in pore pressure as well as dissipation
using a data logger.

Check the maximum pressure allowable during installation to be 50% of the

maximum for which the piezometer is rated.

4.7.8 Commissioning Test

On completion of the installation, commission all standpipes and

piezometers using a falling head test by filling the standpipe or piezometer
full with water to the top of the PVC tubing.

Monitor the drop in water level in the standpipe or piezometer at intervals of

15s, 30s, 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 8 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5
hr, 6 hr, 7 hr, 8 hr, 16 hr, 24 hr, or when the water level has returned to its
initial steady level.

The water standpipe or piezometer must be in working condition throughout

the monitoring period. Rectify any damaged water standpipe or piezometer
before handing over.

Take samples of ground water of not less than one litre from the standpipes
and piezometer when required.

Store the water samples in clean sealed containers; clearly label and deliver
to the laboratory for chemical tests.

The tests for sulphate content (% SO3), chloride content, acidity (pH value)
and degree of salinity shall be determined from the same sample.

4.8 Strain Gauges

Ensure strain gauges and cabling are compatible for their intended location. Protect
them against any disturbance from the site activities.

4.8.1 Strain Gauges Embedded in Concrete

Use the embedment variety or securely attach to mounting plates welded to

bars that are then attached to the reinforcement.

The method of attachment shall prevent displacement of the gauge or

damage to the wires and cables during fixing of reinforcement, concreting,
driving or other processes.

Attach the bars at two locations only to limit the bending induced in the bars
changes by less than 50µε.

4.8.2 Strain Gauges for Temporary Struts

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Use spot weldable strain gauges to the Engineer’s acceptance. At the

beginning of the strut monitoring, install strain gauges in strut together with
load cells for calibration purposes. Establish a correlation between the
gauges and loads measured by the load cells and submit the results for
review by the Engineer. Gauges from the same type and source shall then
be used to monitor other selected struts in place of load cells. The locations
of struts required strain gauges are shown in the drawings.

4.9 Vibration Monitoring Device

Engage a specialist to carry out the monitoring and recording of readings.

4.10 Tell-Tales

Fix the overlapping plates securely so that a gap of not greater than 1 mm separates
them at the start of monitoring and so that the cross-hairs are zeroed. Record the
location, orientation and plate separation for each telltale on the reading sheets.

4.11 Markers, Crackmeters and Tiltmeters

Typical details of acceptable installations for ground and building settlement points
are shown in the drawings.

Submit for approval details of any alternative installations proposed.

4.11.1 Accuracy of Levels

Monitor and record the levels of ground survey and building settlement
points throughout the duration of the Works, using a precise level and staff
accurate to 0.5mm or better.

4.12 Inspection of Adjacent Property

Keep adjacent roads, neighbouring properties and structures clear of equipment and
spoils and regularly inspect the surface of the ground, properties and structures.

Report to the Engineer immediately any signs of subsidence or cracking.

4.13 Completion

Remove all specialist monitoring and make good all installations to the satisfaction of
the Engineer upon completion of the monitoring, or at other such times if accepted by
the Engineer.

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5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Description of Instrumentation

Provide fully detailed drawings, together with descriptions of the principal

features, mode of operation, the measuring range and the degrees of
accuracy of the equipment.

5.1.2 Method Statement

Submit detailed method statements for the installation of all instruments for
the acceptance of the Engineer prior to installation.

5.1.2.1 Content

Method statements shall include, at least the following information:

(a) Details and drawings of instruments.
(b) Manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations for
installation and maintenance etc., details of drilling equipment
and drilling methods.
(c) Details of all materials (including samples).
(d) Details of sequence of assembly and connections.
(e) Details of any backfill, proposed grout mixes.
(f) Details of monitoring arrangements and verification
procedures.

The method statement shall also include a programme of

installation related to the main construction activities to the
acceptance of the Engineer.

5.1.3 Installation Drawings

Submit detailed drawings showing the precise location and depth for
instrument installation for the acceptance of the Engineer prior to
commencement of installations.

5.1.4 Schedule of Manpower and Resources

Provide a detailed schedule of manpower and equipment resources to be

employed for the Works for Engineer’s acceptance before commencement
within timeframe as directed.

5.1.5 Data Management System

Submit full details of the proposed data management system for the
acceptance of the Engineer. These shall include proposed formats for data
acquisition, checking, processing, and subsequent reporting to the Engineer
for all instruments.

5.1.6 Calculations

Provide calculations to convert raw output to processed data for all

instrumentation.

Provide a sample calculation with appropriate data listings to the Engineer,

endorsed by the Instrumentation Engineer.

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5.1.7 Maintenance and Inspection Schedule

Submit a maintenance and inspection schedule prior to installation or use of

the instrumentation for the acceptance of the Engineer.

5.1.8 Quality Control Manual

Submit a Quality Manual containing a QA/QC programme for the Works to

the Engineer for acceptance within the directed time frame.

The Quality Manual is to include at least information on the following:

(a) Quality policy

(b) Organisation charts and responsibilities
(c) Internal quality control and audits
(d) Facilities and equipment
(e) Calibration and testing of equipment
(f) Testing and inspection procedures
(g) Subcontractors and suppliers

5.2 Calibration of Instrumentation

Correctly calibrate all the installed instrumentation in use.

Carry out calibration and provide certificates by an accepted accredited agency.

Carry out periodic checks at appropriate intervals to confirm the validity of calibration
of equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and make any
necessary adjustments. Check instruments to have a validity of calibration at least 3
months after their last intended reading in the project.

Repeat calibration if anomalous readings are recorded.

Keep records of checks, errors recorded and whether any adjustment was
undertaken.

5.2.1 Records of Calibration

Keep records of all calibration certificates and of dispatch of equipment off

site for re-calibration when required.

Retain copies of all certification and other records on site and make
available for the Engineer’s inspection when required.

5.3 Records and Reporting

5.3.1 General

Submit two copies of preliminary records of the installation of each

instrument within 24 hours from the time of installation of each instrument.

Submit final records for each instrument incorporating any comments from
the Engineer within seven days of completion of installation of each
instrument.

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5.3.2 Record Information

The records shall incorporate a graphical illustration of the instrument

installation and shall include the following information:

(a) Instrument number and location (in eastern and northern co-ordinates
and level).
(b) Names of personnel responsible for installation.
(c) Time and date for commencement and completion of instrument.
(d) Details and records of boreholes.
(e) Plant and labour used.
(f) Ground conditions encountered (if applicable).
(g) Details of instrument installation (grout, fixings etc).
(h) Instrument readings during installation, calibration and immediately
after installation are completed.
(i) Location of instrument terminals, housings and any leads or cabling.
(j) Details of any splices, numbers of casings or joins.
(k) Details of any breakdowns or delays.

5.3.3 Datum Readings of Survey Points

The registered surveyor shall establish the initial (datum) reading of each
survey point and submit records to the Engineer. Unless otherwise agreed,
submit the datum readings prior to any excavation and construction works.

5.3.4 Submission of Readings

Submit all instrument readings in approved tabular and graphical formats,

within 24 hours of monitoring.

5.3.5 Factual Reporting

Submit reports of monitoring results in a factual report at intervals of bi-

weekly during piling and excavation works, and weekly throughout the
construction activities, in an acceptable format including a plan showing the
location of the structure and instrumented lines and shall comprise at least
the following:

Submit the factual reports prepared and endorsed by the Professional

Engineer of monitoring results.

(a) Incorporate plots of measured parameters vs time, depth and/or

location of construction activity with reference to each instrument etc.
as agreed with the Engineer.
(b) Include a comparison of data with predetermined trigger values. (e.g.
Settlement against Time, horizontal deflections against time, load
against depth of excavation, settlement against location of
construction activity / depth of excavation etc.).
(c) Highlight idle or damaged instruments and provide estimated time
frame for corrective measures.

5.3.6 Interpretative Reporting

5.3.6.1 Frequency

Based on the factual information received, issue interpretative

reports at intervals of bi-weekly during Piling Works, and weekly
throughout the construction activities.

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When established trends indicate potential problems, such areas

of concern shall be re-appraised and monitored at revised
frequencies as directed.

5.3.6.2 Report content

Interpretative Reports shall include a summary plot of all

instrumented lines or points which indicate a trend (including
historical data where appropriate) that could result in a trigger level
being exceeded and any instrumented line or point in which a
trigger level has been exceeded. Submit recommendations for any
protective measures or actions that are necessary.

--- End of Section ---

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