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Contents
1.Certificate
2.Acknowledgement
3.Blaise Pascal and his Contributions

4.Pascal’s Triangle
6.Symmetry
8.Perfect Squares
9.The Fiboacci Series

10.The Binomial Theorm

11.Bibliography
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Acknowledgement
I express my deepest gratitude to our Dr. Phanindra Pd.
Bhandari for his valuable guidance and also for
providing students with an environment to complete our
projects successfully.

I am deeply indebted to our teacher for his unwavering

support, both academically and morally during the entire
course of project work.

I take this opportunity to extend my deep appreciation

also to my family and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame and
for all the motivation and inspiration. Thank You.
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Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal was French mathematician, physicist,

inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a
child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax
collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the
natural and applied sciences where he made
important contributions to the study of fluids, and
clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by
generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli.Pascal
was an important mathematician, helping create two
major new areas of research: he wrote a significant
treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the
age of 16, and later corresponded with Pierre de
Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the
development of modern economics and social
science. Following Galileo Galilei and Torricelli, in
1647, herebutted Aristotle's followers who insisted
that nature abhors a vacuum.

Pascal’s Contributions

Blaise Pascal lived in 17th-century France and made

several contributions to the fields of mathematics,
physics, and philosophy. He is known for laying the
foundation for today's probability theory, for his work
in barometric pressure, and for his theological
writings.
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Pascal’s Triangle
In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of the
binomial coefficients. In much of the Western world, it is
named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal,
although other mathematicians studied it centuries before
him in India, Persia (Iran), China, Germany, and Italy. The
rows of Pascal's triangle are conventionally enumerated
starting with row n = 0 at the top (the 0th row). The entries in
each row are numbered from the left beginning with k = 0
and are usually staggered relative to the numbers in

adjacent
Each number is the numbers directly above it added together
The triangle may be constructed in the following manner: In
row 0 (the topmost row), there is a unique nonzero entry 1.
Each entry of each subsequent row is constructed by adding
the number above and to the left with the number above and
to the right, treating blank entries as 0. For example, the
initial number in the first (or any other) row is 1 (the sum of 0
and 1), whereas the numbers 1 and 3 in the third row are
added to produce the number 4 in the fourth row.
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Properties of Pascal’s Triangle:

Symmetrical The numbers on the left side have identical

matching numbers on the right side, like a mirror image.
The first two columns aren’t too interesting, they’re just
the ones and the natural numbers. The next column is the
triangular numbers. You can think of the triangular
numbers as the number of dots it takes to make various
sized triangles. Similarly the fourth column is the
tetrahedral numbers, or triangular pyramidal numbers. As
their name suggests they represent the number of dots
needed to make pyramids with triangle bases. The
columns continue in this way, describing the “simplices”
which are just extrapolations of this triangle/tetrahedron
idea to arbitrary dimensions.
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The next column is the 5-simplex numbers, followed by

the 6-simplex numbers and so on. Horizontal Sums The
horizontal sums in the triangle double each time i.e with
the power of 2.

Powers of 11 The triangle also reveals powers of base 11.

This can be done by squishing the numbers in each row
together. Which is easy enough for the first 5 rows. for the
double digits, on carrying the tens place over to the
number on its left, a unique sequence is revealed.
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Perfect Sources

We can locate the perfect squares of the natural numbers

in column 2 by summing the number to the right with the
number below the number to the right. For example, 2²

→ 1+3=4 3² → 3+6 4² → 6+10=16

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The Fibonacci sequence

To uncover the hidden Fibonacci Sequence

sum the diagonals of the leftjustified Pascal

Triangle.

When we make a pattern by going up and then

along, then add up the values We will get the

Fibonacci sequence . The Fibonacci Sequence

starts "0, 1" and then continues by adding the two

previous numbers, for example 3+5=8, then

5+8=13 etc
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Expanding Binomials Suppose you have the binomial (x +

y) and you want to raise it to a power such as 2 or 3.
Normally you’d need to go through the long process of
multiplying, but with Pascal’s Triangle you can avoid the
hassle and skip to the answer. For example, let’s expand
(x+y)³. Since we’re raising (x+y) to the 3rd power, use the
values in the fourth row of Pascal’s as the coefficients of
your expansion. Then fill in the x and y terms as outlined
below.
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Binomial Theorem

Multiplying powers of (x+y) is cool, but how often do

we come across the need to solve that exact
problem? Probably, not too often. Wouldn’t it be
handy if we could generalize the idea from the last
section into a more usable form? Well, turns out
that’s the Binomial Theorem:It’s similar to what we
did in the last section. The best way to understand
any formula is to work an example.Let’s try (2x–3)³.
Let x from our formula be the first term and y be the
second. Then x=2x, y=–3, n=3 and k is the integers
from 0 to n=3, in this case k={0, 1, 2, 3}. First I’ll fill in
the formula using all the above values except k:

It still looks a little strange, but we’re getting closer.

Next fill in the values for k. Recall that k has 4

values, so we need to fill out 4 different versions and

add them together.

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Bibliography

http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.pas
cal.triangle.html

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pascaltriangl
e/

https://medium.com/i-math/top-10-
secrets-of-pascals-triangle-6012ba9c5e23

https://www.mathsisfun.com/pascalstriangle.
htm
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