Lesson plan for a formal lecture

 Name: Jo-Anne Elders

 Student number: 45300011
 Subject: HSE2603
 Assignment: 1
 Unique number: 214925
 Date: 8 May 2023
Target group: 2nd year students nurses
registered for the basic program of
education and training
leading to registration as a
professional nurse and midwife

Subject: General Nursing Science

Theme: Renal Failure

Topic: Management of a patient

suffering from Renal Failure
Introduction
 Time: 40 minutes

 Media: We might think that the kidneys are only there

with the help to urine, but these two that are shape
like beans are very important organs. Some of the
functions are that it has control of water balance,
control of blood pressure, and help with the growth of
the hormones, etc.
Outcomes:

At the end of my lecture the students will be able to

 Define Renal Failure

 Types of Renal failure
 Stages of renal failure
 Signs and symptoms of renal failure
 Medical management
 Nursing management
Define Renal Failure

It’s when the kidneys stop working and not able

to remove any more wastes or performs with
their normal functions. Renal failure is a
disease that can take over the whole body and
is a final disease when it comes to urinary
tract disease. In most cases renal failure can
detect on blood tests, urine tests, X-ray or a
scan.
Types of Renal Failure
Acute renal failure Chronic Renal Failure/ ESRD (End-Stage
 When there is a sudden or a total complete Renal Disease
loss of kidney function  It is unrepairable, the renal function is on its
 The urine may seem normal or some changes worse, failing to maintain fluid and balance.
can occur like, urine output less than  Diabetes, Hypertension are some of the
400ml/day, nonoliguria ( more than conditions that cause chronic renal failure
400ml/day) or urine output less than  This type of renal failure is the worse;
50ml/day eventually Dialysis or kidney transplantation
 Renal stones are not familiar with the cause of becomes necessary.
kidney failure but some may increase the risk
of Acute Renal Failure.

Three categories is under Acute Renal Failure

 Prerenal failure: poor blood flow that lead to
poor kidney function
 Intrarenal failure: burns, infections and
injuries can lead to intrarenal failure.
 Postrenal failure: the result of a barrier to
the point to the kidney

Stages of Renal Failure

 Stage 1  90% Kidney Damage

 Stage 2  60-89% Mild decrease

 Stage 3  30-59% Moderate

decrease
 Stage 4  15-29% Severe decrease

 Stage 5  15% Kidney Failure

Signs and symptoms of renal
failure
Neurologic Gastrointestinal
 Weakness and fatigue  Constipation of diarrhea
 Confusion  Mouth ulcers and bleeding
 Disorientation  Nausea
 Restlessness of legs  Vomiting
Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal
 Hypertension  Bone pain
 Pericardial effusion  Foot drop
 Pericarditis  Muscle cramps
Pulmonary
 Depressed cough reflex
 Shortness of breath
 Tachypnea
Medical management

 Administering prescribed phosphate binding agents, calcium

supplements, antihypertensive can delayed or prevent
complications.
 All binding agents must be administered with food to be
effective.
 Magnesium-based antacids are avoided to prevent magnesium
toxicity. Diuretic agents are necessary.
 Observe for any dizziness/headache, neurologic abnormalities. If
any seizure, IV valium must be administered. Potassium levels
must be monitored. If potassium levels are more than 5.5,
Kayexalate can be administered per os or enema.
 Make sure of good ventilation, in case respiratory problems
occur. Manage diabetics, check haemoglobin and give metformin
or insulin as prescribed. Dietician will give education about
high-carbohydrate meals.
Nursing management

 Limit fluid intake

 Avoid spicy and fatty food
 Patient must eat small portions
 Document all food and fluid intake
 Depend on what stage the patient is, bed rest will be prescribed
 Patients that have pulmonary problems will need assistance to
turn when cough
 Urinary catheter will be avoided to prevent infection.
 Skin care is important to prevent breakdown, therefore is
hygiene important to moisturise
 Families must be informed about patient’s condition and be
supportive during this time
Summary

 Renal failure is when the kidneys stop working and not

able to remove any more wastes or performs with their
normal functions.
 You get two types of renal failure, acute renal failure
and chronic renal failure.
 The signs and symptoms of renal failure are weakness,
disorientation, hypertension, shortness of breath,
constipation of diarrhea
 Renal failure can be detect through blood test, urine
tests, x-ray and sonar
Sources

 Smeltzer,S.C, Bare,B.G, Hinkle,J.L, Cheever.K.H. 2008. Brunner

& Suddarth’s textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 11th edition.
Lippincott and Wilkins

 Declaration
I declare that this assignment is my own original work. Where
secondary material has been used (either from a printed source
or from the internet), this has been carefully acknowledge and
referenced in accordance with departmental requirements. I
understand what plagiarism is and am aware of the department’s
policy in this regard. I have not allowed anyone else to borrow or
copy my work.

Sign: J. Elders Date: 8 May 2023

Question 2
Post-test
1. In the hospital is a patient with renal failure. What tests are used to assess renal failure(Select more
than one)
A. Creatinine
B. TSH
C. Amylase
D. Bun (1)

2. What are risk factors that you can associate with chronic kidney disease (Choose more than one)
 Cardiovascular
 Neurologic
 Oliguria
 Renal stones (1)

3. A 50 year old female with renal failure and pneumonia is admitted. Her blood results of creatinine may
indicate
A. Body breaking down
B. Dehydration
C. Lost of weight
D. Increase in creatinine only (1)

4. Definition of Renal Failure (2)

5. Explain the two types of renal failure (5)

6. Patient who is diagnosed with acute renal failure. What are the nursing management
A. No messages for the patient
B. Patient must undergo blood transfusion
C. Monitor intake and output
D. Continuously O2 (1)

7. Student asks the nurse about a patient with chronic renal failure. Nursing management include
A. Administered lasix
B. Start patient on a drip
C. Limit fluid intake
D. Avoid big meals, teach patient about diet (1)

8. Which of the following cause prerenal acute renal failure

A. Burns
B. Vomiting
C. Poor blood flow
D. Infection (2)

9. Name and explain all stages in renal failure (5)

10. What conditions can cause chronic renal failure

A. Diabetic
B. Hypertension
C. Pulmonary
D. Edema (1)
 Memorandum of Post-test
1.A. D

2.A.B

3.A.B

4.Renal Failure is when the kidneys stop working and not able to remove any more wastes or performs with their normal
functions.

5.Acute renal failure

 When there is a sudden or a total complete loss of kidney function
 The urine may seem normal or some changes can occur like, urine output less than 400ml/day, nonoliguria ( more
than 400ml/day) or urine output less than 50ml/day
 Renal stones are not familiar with the cause of kidney failure but some may increase the risk of Acute Renal Failure.
Chronic Renal Failure/ ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease
 It is unrepairable, the renal function is on its worse, failing to maintain fluid and balance.
 Diabetes, Hypertension are some of the conditions that cause chronic renal failure
 This type of renal failure is the worse; eventually Dialysis or kidney transplantation becomes necessary.
6. C.

7.C.D

8.A.B.C.D.

9.Stages of Renal Failure

Stage 1 90% Kidney Damage
Stage 2 60-89% Mild decrease
Stage 3 30-59% Moderate decrease
Stage 4 15-29% Severe decrease
Stage 5 15% Kidney Failure

10.A.B.

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