Julianne Marie B.

Ocampo BSMT-T2 (´｡• ᵕ •｡`) ♡

The Nature of the Clinical Laboratory - Total protein (TP), albumin,

electrocytes, clinical enzymology
Clinical Laboratory – place where specimens - Drug analysis – monitor therapeutic
collected from individuals are processed, range to avoid toxic levels for drugs
analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed of. - TSH, T3, T4 (thyroid hormones
- Vary according to size, function, and Blood Cells
complexity of tests performed

Anatomic Pathology Clinical Pathology

Cytopathology Clinical Microscopy
Cytogenetics Hematology
Histopathology Microbiology
Autopsy Blood Bank /
Immunohematology
Clinical Chemistry
Immunology &
Serology

Common Sections in the Clinical Laboratory

(CHCMBHP)

- Clinical Chemistry Microbiology

- Hematology
- Clinical Microscopy - Identification of microorganisms in body fluids
- Microbiology or tissues
- Blood Bank - More focused on identification of bacteria and
- Histopathology fungi on specimens received
- Phlebotomy - Specimens: blood, other body fluids, stools,
tissues, swabs from diff. sites in body
- Divided into:
Clinical Chemistry o Bacteriology
o Mycology
- Amounts of certain chemicals in a blood o Virology
sample - Isolation, and identification of bacteria (aerobes
- Most automated area of laboratory and anaerobes) and fungi using varied culture
- Instruments are computerized and media and different biochemical tests
designed to perform single and multiple - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
tests from small amounts of specimens - Culture and sensitivity
- Divided into several areas: - Gram staining and AFB tests
o Automated chemistry - Preparation of culture media and stains
o Electrophoresis - Infection control
o Toxicology
o Immunochemistry
- FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), Hba1 Clinical Microscopy
(glycosylated hemoglobin), Random
Blood Sugar (RBS) – check diabetes, - Routine and other special examinations of urine
liver disease, malnutrition such as macroscopic examinations to
- Total cholesterol, HDL & LDL (h/l determine color, transparency
density lipoproteins), TAG - Chemical evaluation of urine: specific gravity,
(triglycerides) – diagnosis of pH level, bilirubin, glucose, protein
cardiovascular diseases - Microscopic examinations to detect presence of
- BUN (Blood urea nitrogen), creatinine abnormal cells / parasites, quantify RBC, WBC,
– diagnosis of diseases involving the other chemicals
kidney - Stools, semen, CSF also analyzed in this section
Julianne Marie B. Ocampo BSMT-T2 (´｡• ᵕ •｡`) ♡

- Detection and identification of parasitic Order of Draw

worms and ova
- Culture Tube
- Sodium Citrate (light blue)
Blood Bank/Immunohematology - Red (Plain) tube
- SST (Yellow/Gold)
- Blood typing & compatibility testing - Heparin Tube (Light green)
(main activities) - EDTA (lavender)
- Screening for antibodies, identification of - Sodium Fluoride (Gray)
antibodies and blood components used
for transfusion
- most critical section in clinical Hematology Section
laboratory
- Red cell morphology & Cell indices
- Quantitative platelet count
Immunology and Serology - Blood smear preparation
- Coagulation studies – ability to form and
- analyses of serum antibodies and dissolve clots
antigens in certain infectious agents - RBCs, WBCs, platelets are enumerated and
- Hepatitis B profile tests classified
- Serological tests for syphilis - Bone marrow samples also studied in this section
- Hepatitis C tests - Complete blood count (CBC)
- Dengue fever tests (NSt, tgG, IgM) - Hemoglobin to rule out anemia
- HIV screening - Hematocrit – hemoglobin level and red blood
- Typhidot cell count
- Antibody screening tests - WBC differential count
- ASO
- CRP
- HCG test

Anatomic Pathology and Histopathology

- deals with tissue (biopsy & autopsy),

processing, cutting into sections, staining
and preparation for microscopic
examination by pathologist
- specimens are processed to determine
nature of disease, structural and
functional changes of cells, tissues and
organs caused by disease

Phlebotomy Section

- deals with collection of blood samples

for required tests
- most sensitive area of clinical
laboratory, where patients meet lab.
Professionals
- gives impression of quality of work
for entire laboratory