Microsoft Edge

Microsoft Edge (or simply Edge) is a

proprietary, cross-platform web browser
created by Microsoft. It was first
released in 2015 as part of Windows 10
and Xbox One and later ported to other
platforms as a fork of Google's
Chromium open-source project: Android
and iOS,[8][9] macOS, older Windows
versions (Windows 7, Windows Server
2008 R2 and later were supported until
early 2023),[10][11] and most recently
Linux.[12][13] Edge was created as the
successor to Internet Explorer (IE).
 Microsoft Edge

Microsoft Edge on Windows 11

Original author(s) Microsoft

Developer(s) Microsoft

Initial release July 29, 2015

Stable release(s)
 Android 114.0.1823.56[1]  / 25 June
2023

iOS 114.1823.61[2]  / 27 June 2023

Linux 116.0.1938.62[3]  / 25 August

2023

macOS 116.0.1938.62[3]  / 25 August

2023

Windows 116.0.1938.62[3]  / 25 August

2023

Preview release(s) [±] (https://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/Template:Latest_preview_software_release/Mic

rosoft_Edge?action=edit)

Beta 117.0.2045.12 / August 29,

2023[4]

Dev 118.0.2060.1 / August 2023

Canary 118.0.2082.0 / September 5, 2023

Written in C++

Engines Android: Blink[5]

iOS/iPadOS:
WebKit[5]
macOS: Blink
Microsoft Windows:
EdgeHTML (2014–
2019)[6]
Blink (2019–present)
Linux: Blink
Xbox One:
EdgeHTML (until
2021)
Blink (from 2021)
Xbox Series X/S:
EdgeHTML (until
2021)
Blink (from 2021)
Operating system Android
iOS
macOS 10.13 or later
Windows 10,
Windows Server
2012 or later
Linux (specifically
Ubuntu, Debian,
Fedora, and
openSUSE
distributions)

Platform IA-32
x86-64
ARM32
ARM64

Included with Windows 10

Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 11
 Xbox One and Xbox
Series X/S system
software

Predecessor Internet Explorer

License Proprietary software,

based on an open
source
project[7][note 1]

Website www.microsoft.com
/en-us/edge (https://
www.microsoft.com/
en-us/edge)

Edge was initially built with Microsoft's

own proprietary browser engine,
EdgeHTML, and their Chakra JavaScript
engine.[14] In late 2018, it was announced
that Edge would be completely rebuilt as
a Chromium-based[15][16] browser with
Blink and V8 engines. The new Edge was
publicly released in January 2020,[17][18]
and on Xbox platforms in 2021.[19][20]
Microsoft has since terminated security
support for the original browser (now
referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy),[21]
and in Windows 11 it is the default web
browser (for compatibility[22][23] with
Google Chrome).[24]

In May 2022, according to StatCounter,

Microsoft Edge became the second most
popular browser in the world, overtaking
Apple's Safari (in some countries, such
as the United States, Edge is the 3rd
most popular, where it has a 14% share,
slightly behind Safari's 16% share). As of
September 2022, Edge is used by 11% of
PCs worldwide.[25]

Features
Microsoft Edge is the default web
browser on Windows 10, Windows 10
Mobile, Windows 11, Xbox One, and Xbox
Series X and Series S consoles, replacing
Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer
Mobile.[26] As its development and
release is dependent on the model of
Windows as a service, it is not included in
Windows 10 Enterprise Long-Term
Servicing Channel (LTSC) builds.[27][28][29]
Microsoft initially announced that Edge
would support the legacy MSHTML
(Trident) browser engine for backward
compatibility, but later said that, due to
"strong feedback," Edge would use a new
engine, while Internet Explorer would
continue to provide the legacy engine.[30]
The developer toolset of the EdgeHTML-
based versions featured an option to
emulate the rendering behaviour
("document mode") of Internet Explorer
versions 5 to 11.[31][32]

Favorites, reading list, browsing history

and downloads are viewed at the Hub,[33]
a sidebar providing functionality similar
to Internet Explorer's Downloads
manager and Favorites Center.[34]

Edge features a built-in PDF reader,[35]

and supports WebAssembly. Until
January 2021, Edge also featured an
integrated Adobe Flash Player (with an
internal whitelist allowing Flash applets
on Facebook websites to load
automatically, bypassing all other
security controls requiring user
activation).[36]

Edge does not support legacy

technologies such as ActiveX and
Browser Helper Objects, instead it uses
an extension system.[6][37][38]
Internet Explorer 11 remained available
alongside Edge on Windows 10 for
compatibility until 2023, when it was
removed.[39] It remained identical to the
Windows 8.1 version and did not use the
Edge engine as was previously
announced.[6][26][37] In Windows 11, Edge
became the only browser available from
Microsoft. However, it includes an
"Internet Explorer mode," aimed at fixing
compatibility issues; it provides the
legacy MSHTML browser engine and
supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO
technologies.[40]

Edge integrates with Microsoft's online

platforms to provide voice control,
search functionality, and dynamic
information related to searches within
the address bar. Users can make
annotations to web pages that can be
stored to and shared with OneDrive,[41]
and can save HTML and MHTML pages
to their computers. It also integrates with
the "Reading List" function and provides
a "Reading Mode" that strips
unnecessary formatting from pages to
improve their legibility.[41] Edge also has
a new feature called vertical tabs which
allow users to move tabs on the left side
of the screen.[42]

Preliminary support for browser

extensions was added in March 2016,
with build 14291, three extensions were
initially supported. Microsoft indicated
that the delay in allowing extensions and
the small number was due to security
concerns.[43] As of December 2022, there
are more than 9,000 extensions—called
add-ons—available for Edge.[44]

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft

announced a major overhaul to Edge,
revamping the user interface with Fluent
Design, along with adding a Bing Chat
button, which replaces the Discover
button.[45]
HTML5 standards

Edge originally lacked support for open

media standards such as WebM and
Opus, but these were later added in Edge
14.14291.[46]

As of August 2020, Edge 84 had scored

496/555[47] on HTML5test.

Release strategy

Microsoft Edge Legacy's release cadence

was tied to the Windows 10 release cycle
and used the Windows Insider Program
to preview new versions of the browser.
These pre-release builds were known as
"Edge Preview". Every major release of
Windows included an updated version of
Edge and its render engine.

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced

the introduction of four preview
channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable
and launched the Canary and Dev
channels that same day with the first
preview builds, for those channels, of the
new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the
Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the
"Microsoft Edge insider channels".[48] As
a result, Edge updates were decoupled
from new versions of Windows. Major
versions of Edge Stable are now
scheduled for release every 4 weeks,
closely following Chromium version
releases.

Surf (video game)

In May 2020, an update to Microsoft

Edge added Surf, a browser game where
players control a surfer attempting to
evade obstacles and collect powerups.
Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur
Game, Surf is accessible from the
browser's offline error page and can also
be accessed by entering
edge://surf into the address bar.
The game features three game modes
(classic, time trial, and slalom), has
character customization, and supports
keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad
controls.[49][50] Its gameplay has been
compared to the 1991 Microsoft video
game SkiFree.[51][52]

In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-

time seasonal theming resembling
SkiFree. Instead of surfing, the player skis
down a mountain while being chased by
a yeti.[53]
Development

Edge Legacy (2014–2019)

Microsoft Edge logo, used

from July 29, 2015 to
November 1, 2019

A screenshot of the Edge Legacy

browser, opened to the Wikipedia
homepage.

In December 2014, writing for ZDNet,

technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported
that Microsoft was developing a new
web browser codenamed "Spartan" for
Windows 10. She said that "Spartan"
would be treated as a new product
separate from Internet Explorer, with
Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it
for compatibility.[54]

In early January 2015, The Verge

obtained further details surrounding
"Spartan" from sources close to
Microsoft, including reports that it would
replace Internet Explorer on both the
desktop and mobile versions of Windows
10.[55] Microsoft officially unveiled
"Spartan" during a Windows 10-focused
keynote on January 21, 2015.[41] It was
described as a separate product from
Internet Explorer, its final name was not
announced.[56]
"Spartan" was first made publicly
available as the default browser of
Windows 10 Technical Preview build
10049, released on March 30, 2015.[57]
The new engine used by "Spartan" was
available in Windows 10 builds as part of
Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft later
announced that Internet Explorer would
be deprecated on Windows 10 and would
not use the "Spartan" engine.[26][58]

On April 29, 2015, during the Build

Conference keynote, it was announced
that "Spartan" would officially be known
as Microsoft Edge.[59] The browser's logo
and branding were designed to maintain
continuity with the branding of Internet
Explorer.[60] The Project "Spartan"
branding was used in versions released
after Build 2015. On June 25, 2015,
Microsoft released version 19.10149 for
Windows 10 Mobile which included the
new brand. On June 28, 2015, version
20.10158 followed for the desktop
versions, also including the updated
branding. On July 15, 2015, Microsoft
released version 20.10240 as the final
release to Insiders. The same version
was rolled out to consumers on July 29,
2015.

On August 12, 2015, Microsoft started

the preview program for the next version
of Microsoft Edge. They released version
20.10512 to Mobile users. 6 days later
followed by version 20.10525 for desktop
users. The preview received multiple
updates. On November 5, 2015,
Microsoft released version 25.10586 as
the final release for Edge's second public
release for desktop users. On November
12, 2015, the update was rolled out to
both desktop users and Xbox One users
as part of the New Xbox Experience
Update. On November 18, 2015, the
update was to Windows 10 Mobile.
Finally, on November 19, 2015, the
update was also made available as part
of the Windows Server 2016 Technical
Preview 4.[61]
In November 2017, Microsoft released
ports of Edge for Android and iOS. The
apps feature integration and
synchronization with the desktop version
on Windows 10 PCs. Due to platform
restrictions and other factors, these
ports do not use the same layout engine
as the desktop version and instead use
OS-native WebKit-based engines.[62][63][5]

In April 2018, Edge added tab audio

muting.[64] In June 2018, support for the
Web Authentication specifications were
added to Windows Insider builds, with
support for Windows Hello and external
security tokens.[65][66]
Microsoft stopped supporting Microsoft
Edge Legacy on March 9, 2021.[67][68] On
April 13, 2021, Microsoft released a
cumulative monthly security update
which replaced Edge Legacy with the
new Edge.[69]

EdgeHTML

EdgeHTML is the proprietary browser

engine originally developed for Edge. It is
a fork of MSHTML (Trident) with all
legacy code of older versions of Internet
Explorer removed, with the majority of its
source code rewritten to support web
standards and interoperability with other
modern browsers.[70][71] EdgeHTML is
written in C++.[72]

The rendering engine was first released

as an experimental option in Internet
Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10
Preview 9926 build.[73]

EdgeHTML is meant to be fully

compatible with the WebKit layout engine
used by Safari, Chrome, and other
browsers. Microsoft stated their original
acceptance criteria: "Any Edge–WebKit
differences are bugs that we’re interested
in fixing."[74]

A review of the engine in the beta

Windows 10 build by AnandTech found
substantial benchmark improvements
over MSHTML (Trident), particularly its
new Chakra JavaScript engine
performance, which had come up to par
with that of Google Chrome.[75] Other
benchmarks focusing on the
performance of the WebGL API found
EdgeHTML to perform much better than
Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.[76]

Edge Legacy release history

Current Latest
Old version, Older version, Future
Legend: stable preview
not maintained still maintained release
version version
 Browser
Version Release date(
engine

20.10240[77] EdgeHTML July 15, 2015

12.10240
25.10586[79] EdgeHTML November 5,
13.10586 2015
38.14393 EdgeHTML August 2, 201
14.14393
40.15063[81][82] EdgeHTML April 11, 2017
15.15063
 EdgeHTML January 14,
40.15254.603[83]
15.15254 2020

EdgeHTML September 26
41.16299[84][85]
16.16299 2017

EdgeHTML
42.17134[86][87] April 30, 2018
17.17134

EdgeHTML November 13
44.17763[88][89]
18.17763 2018
 EdgeHTML
44.18362 May 21, 2019
18.18362

EdgeHTML November 12
44.18363
18.18363 2019

EdgeHTML
44.19041 May 27, 2020
18.19041
New Edge (2019–present)

Codenamed "Anaheim", on December 6,

2018, Microsoft announced its intent to
base Edge on the Chromium source
code, using the same browser engine as
Google Chrome but with enhancements
developed by Microsoft. It was also
announced that there will be versions of
Edge available for Windows 7, Windows
8, and macOS, plus that all versions will
be updated on a more frequent
basis.[91][92] According to Microsoft
executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for
the change came after CEO Satya
Nadella told the team in 2017 that the
product needed to be better and pushed
for replacing its in-house rendering
engine with an open source one.[93]

Microsoft Edge running on macOS

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the

new Edge for Windows were released to
the public.[94] On May 20, 2019, the first
preview builds of Edge for macOS were
released to the public, marking the first
time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser
was available on the Mac platform.[95]
The last time a Microsoft browser was
available on the Mac platform was
Microsoft Internet Explorer for Mac,
which was withdrawn in January 2006.
On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit,
an Edge developer stated that it was
theoretically possible for a Linux version
to be developed in the future, but no work
had actually started on that possibility.[96]
On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge
available on both Windows 7 and
Windows 8 for testing.[97] On August 20,
2019, Microsoft made its first beta build
of Edge available for Windows 7,
Windows 8, Windows 10 and macOS.[98]
August 2019 also saw the removal of
support for the EPUB file format.[99] At
Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an
updated version of the Edge logo.[100]
The new Edge was released on January
15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to
all Windows 10 users.[101][102] The new
Edge was also rolled out to Windows 7
and 8.1 users via Windows Update.[103]

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft

announced that a beta version of Edge
for Linux would be available in preview
form in October 2020.[12] This comes
after the company announced in
November 2019 that a Linux version
would be developed and confirmed in
May 2020 that the Linux version was in
development.[104][105] The first preview
build for Linux was released on October
20, 2020.[13]
Full support for the new Edge on
Windows 7 was scheduled to end on
January 15, 2022, but was later extended
to January 15, 2023. The last version of
Edge on Windows 7 is version
109.0.[106][107]

On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced

integrated VPN support for Microsoft
Edge, coming in line with this privacy
feature with Chrome and Firefox. There
will be a free version of the integrated
Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB
of data transfer.[108]
New Edge release history

Current Latest
Old version, Older version, Future
Legend: stable preview
not maintained still maintained release
version version
 Browser
Version Release date(s)
engine

January 15,
79.0.309[109][110] Blink 79
2020

80.0.361[111] Blink 80 February 7,

2020
81.0.416[112] Blink 81 April 13, 2020
83.0.478[113] Blink 83 May 21, 2020
84.0.522[114] Blink 84 July 16, 2020
85.0.564[115] Blink 85 August 27,
2020
 October 9,
86.0.622[116] Blink 86
2020

November 19,
87.0.664[117] Blink 87
2020

January 21,
88.0.705[118] Blink 88
2021

89.0.774[119] Blink 89 March 4, 2021

90.0.818[120] Blink 90 April 15, 2021

91.0.864[121] Blink 91 May 27, 2021

92.0.902[122] Blink 92 July 22, 2021

September 2,
93.0.961[123] Blink 93
2021
 September 24,
94.0.992[124] Blink 94
2021

October 21,
95.0.1020[125] Blink 95
2021

January 6,
96.0.1054[126] Blink 96
2022

January 20,
97.0.1072[127] Blink 97
2022

February 3,
98.0.1108[128] Blink 98
2022

99.0.1150[129] Blink 99 March 3, 2022

Blink
100.0.1185[130] April 1, 2022
100

Blink
101.0.1210[131] April 28, 2022
101
 Blink
102.0.1245[132] May 31, 2022
102

Blink
103.0.1264[133] June 23, 2022
103

Blink
104.0.1293[134] August 5, 2022
104

Blink September 1,
105.0.1343[135]
105 2022

Blink October 3,
106.0.1370[136]
106 2022

Blink October 27,

107.0.1418[137]
107 2022

Blink December 5,
108.0.1462[138]
108 2022
 Blink January 12,
109.0.1518[139]
109 2023

Blink February 9,
110.0.1587[140]
110 2023

Blink
111.0.1661[141] March 13, 2023
111

Blink
112.0.1722[142] April 6, 2023
112

113.0.1774[143] Blink May 5, 2023

113
 Blink
114.0.1823 [144] June 2, 2023
114

Blink
115.0.1901 N/A
115

Blink
115.0.1901 N/A
115

Blink
116.0.1917 N/A
115

Blink
117.0 N/A
117
Performance
Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML
engine—included in the first beta release
of Edge in Windows 10[145] Build 10049—
had drastically better JavaScript
performance due to the new Chakra than
MSHTML (Trident) 7 using the older
Chakra in Internet Explorer 11, with
similar performance to Google Chrome
41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the
SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed
faster than other browsers,[146] while in
other benchmarks it operated slower
than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and
Opera.[147]
Later benchmarks conducted with the
version included in 10122 showed
significant performance improvement
compared to both IE11 and Edge back in
10049. According to Microsoft's
benchmark result, this iteration of Edge
performed better than both Chrome and
Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and
Apple's Jetstream benchmark.[148]

In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555

points on the HTML5test. Chrome 44 and
Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434
respectively, while Internet Explorer 11
scored 312.[149]
In August 2015, Microsoft released
Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders,
which included Edge 21.10532.0. This
beta version scored 445 out of 555
points on the HTML5test.[150]

In July 2016, with the release of Windows

10 Build 14390 to insiders, the HTML5
test score of the browser's development
version was 460 out of 555 points.
Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored
456, and Safari 9.1 scored 370.

Power efficiency

In June 2016, Microsoft published

benchmark results to prove the superior
power efficiency of Edge in comparison
to all other major web browsers.[151]
Opera questioned the accuracy and
provided their own test results where
Opera came out on top.[152] Independent
testing by PC World confirmed
Microsoft's results.[153] However, tests
conducted by Linus Sebastian in June
2017 instead showed that, at that time,
Chrome had the best battery
performance.[154]

Privacy
Edge sends the images that the users
view online to Microsoft servers by
default, although Microsoft has stated
that it encrypts images before
transfer.[155]

Reception
In an August 2015 review of Windows 10
by Dan Grabham of TechRadar, Microsoft
Edge was praised for its performance,
despite not being in a feature-complete
state at launch.[156] Andrew Cunningham
of Ars Technica praised the browser for
being "tremendously promising" and "a
much better browser than Internet
Explorer ever was" but criticized it for its
lack of functionality on launch.[157] Thom
Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in
August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack
of user friendliness, poor design and a
tab system that is "so utterly broken it
should never have shipped in a final
release". He described the browser's
implemented features as "some sort of
cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating
doesn't even begin to describe it".[158]

Data from August 2015, a few weeks

after release, showed that user uptake of
Edge was low, with only 2% of overall
computer users using the new browser.
Among Windows 10 users, usage peaked
at 20% and then dropped to 14% through
August 2015.[159]

In October 2015, a security researcher

published a report outlining a bug in
Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data
related to visited sites to still be cached
in the user's profile directory, theoretically
making it possible for others to
determine sites visited. The bug gained
mainstream attention in early February
2016,[160] and was fixed with a
cumulative update on February 9,
2016.[161]

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's

engine has faced mixed reception. The
move increases the consistency of web
platform compatibility between major
browsers. For this reason, the move has
attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity
in the overall web browser market and
increases the influence of Google on the
overall browser market by Microsoft
ceding its independently developed
browser engine.[162][163]

According to Douglas J. Leith, a

computer science professor from Trinity
College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among
the least private browsers. He explained,
"from a privacy perspective Microsoft
Edge and Yandex are much more
worrisome than the other browsers
studied. Both send identifiers that are
linked to the device hardware and so
persist across fresh browser installs and
can also be used to link different apps
running on the same device. Edge sends
the hardware UUID of the device to
Microsoft, a strong and enduring
identifier than cannot be easily changed
or deleted."[164] In response, a
spokesperson from Microsoft Edge
explained that it uses user diagnostic
data to improve the product.[165]

In June 2020, users criticized newly

released Windows 7, Windows 8.1, and
Windows 10 updates that installed Edge
and imported some user data from
Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining
user permission. Microsoft responded by
stating that if a user rejects giving Edge
data import permission, then Edge will
delete the imported data. However, if the
browser crashes before the user has a
chance to reject the import, then the
already imported data will not be
cleared.[166][167] The Verge called these
"spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first
run experience" a "dark pattern".[168]

Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers

in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs
accessed via system search functions to
Edge, even if the user had not chosen
Edge as their default browser. In
November 2021, a patch was released to
frustrate a workaround employed by the
third-party tool "EdgeDeflector", with a
Microsoft spokesperson stating that
search in the Windows shell is an "end-to-
end customer experience" that is not
designed to be modified.[169] The
developer of EdgeDeflector, Daniel
Aleksandersen, called this "clearly a user-
hostile move that sees Windows
compromise its own product usability in
order to make it more difficult to use
competing products."[170]

In November 2021, Microsoft announced

that it would display integrated
advertising for the buy now, pay later
service Zip Pay in Edge during online
purchases eligible for financing via the
service,[171][172] and allow users to link
their Microsoft account to expedite
registration for the service. Microsoft
claims that it "does not collect a fee for
connecting users to loan providers."[171]
This decision was met with criticism
from users and the press, arguing that
the feature was added bloat.[171][172]

In December 2021, Microsoft began

testing the display of in-browser prompts
on the Google Chrome website to
discourage downloading the browser.[173]
The prompts displayed advertisements
with multiple claims about Edge's user
experience, features, and
performance.[174] Similar prompts
intended to discourage Google Chrome
downloads also appear when searching
for "Chrome" or "browser" on Microsoft's
Bing search engine.[175] In February 2023,
users reported seeing large banner
advertisements for Microsoft Edge
inserted on the Chrome webpage when
attempting to download the browser, a
move that was criticized for deceptively
altering part of Google's official
website.[176]
Market share

Desktop/laptop browser
statistics

Google Chrome   66.39%

Microsoft Edge   11.09%
Safari   9.33%
Mozilla Firefox   6.87%
Opera   3.42%
360 Safe   0.92%

Desktop web browser market

share according to
StatCounter for January
2023[177]

According to StatCounter, in August

2019, Edge overtook the market share of
Internet Explorer (IE) on PCs, ranking
third place at 9.14%[178] and IE in sixth.
Mobile versions of Edge exist for Android
and iOS, however, they have little to no
market share. On Microsoft consoles,
Edge replaced IE as the dominant
browser a few months after its release in
2015.[179] Market share varies by region.
On some days of the week, Edge takes
second place with a 10.02% share in the
US on PC, and Firefox and Edge have a
very similar share globally, switching
places for second and third depending
on the day.[180][181][182] For example, in
March 2020, Edge ranked second with a
market share of 7.59%, overtaking
Firefox, which had 7.19% of the market
share.

Notes
1. Edge's WebKit & Blink layout engines and
its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and
open-source software, while its other
components are each either open-source
or proprietary.

References
1. "Android: Version 114.0.1823.56; Updated
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2023.
2. "iOS: Version History 114.1823.61; Jun 27,
2023" (https://apps.apple.com/app/id128
8723196) . June 27, 2023. Retrieved
July 1, 2023.

3. "Release notes for Microsoft Edge

Security Updates" (https://learn.microsof
t.com/en-us/deployedge/microsoft-edge-
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Channel" (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/deployedge/microsoft-edge-relnote-be
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atcounter.com/browser-market-share/des
ktop/united-states-of-america/) from the
original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved
September 21, 2019.

Further reading
Weber, Jason (January 22, 2015).
"Project Spartan and the Windows 10
January Preview Build" (http://blogs.m
sdn.com/b/ie/archive/2015/01/22/pro
ject-spartan-and-the-windows-10-janua
 ry-preview-build.aspx) . IEBlog.
Microsoft.

External links
Official website (https://www.microsof
t.com/en-us/edge)
Official website for preview builds of
Chromium-based Microsoft Edge (http
s://www.microsoftedgeinsider.com)
Microsoft Edge Team (April 22, 2020).
"Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open
Source: Our Intent" (https://github.co
m/MicrosoftEdge/MSEdge) . GitHub.
"Microsoft Edge open source projects -
demos, tools, data" (https://github.co
m/MicrosoftEdge) . GitHub.
 "Incognito mode in old IE (and other
browsers)" (https://www.wikihow.com/
Activate-Incognito-Mode/) . WikiHow
(in English, German, French, Spanish,
and Italian). May 25, 2018.

Portal: Internet

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