INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY
Empowerment - the process of giving yourself, or other people, the capacity to achieve a
specific end-goal
Empowerment Technology - refers to computer technology that we use almost every day, which
enables us to do tasks that, in the past require professional help

EMPOWERMENT THROUGH ICT

Empowerment is a strategy that aims to give individuals the tools and resources necessary to
take initiative, as well as gather and analyze information or situations
In the context of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), empowerment requires
being information literate and technology literate
INFORMATION LITERACY COMPETENCIES
An information literate individual is able to:
1 | Determine the extent of information needed
2 | Access the needed information effectively and efficiently.
3 | Evaluate information and its sources critically
4 | Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base.
5 | Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
6 | Understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and
access and use information ethically and legally.
TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - the ability to use digital technology, communication tools, and/or
networks to define an information need, access, manage, integrate and evaluate information,
create new information or knowledge and be able to communicate this information to
others.” – defined in 2002 by International ICT Literacy Panel
COMPONENTS OF ICT
People - individuals who are responsible for the development, improvement, and maintenance
of an ICT system.
Data - are the raw facts or figures that can be processed, stored, and transmitted by an ICT
system
Procedures - are actions performed in a certain order and condition to make sure an ICT system
runs smoothly.
Hardware - the technical term used to describe physical or tangible parts of an ICT system
Software - the generic term for programs and applications installed on your personal computer,
laptop, or smartphone
Information - the result of processed, organized, and structured data. It is the output of an ICT
system with context and meaning that makes it useful for the people using the system.
ICT and Society
› Significant changes have been observed in four major aspects of life:
• communication,
• economics,
• education, and
• Lifestyle (travel)
ICT as a Communication Tool

› Social networking sites

› Instant messaging and video calls
› Forums and webinars (web seminars)
ICT and Education

› Source of learning, teaching, and research materials

› Online learning communities
› Recording and computation of grades
› Managing records and other administrative purposes
ICT and Commerce

› Online marketing

› Convenient business transactions

› Online payment gateways

ICT and Lifestyle (Travel)

› Online booking and reservation

› Online tracking of reservations
Additionals

ICT AT HOME

ICT and Employment

ICT and Government

Top Three Requirements for Applicants: ICT Skills, Communication Skills, Analytical Skills

ICT Skills- As companies become less hierarchical, the effective use of online networks will be crucial to
success.

“Wielding Digital Influence”

Communication Skills- To work well with colleagues, you may have to risk feeling inauthentic and
incompetent.

“Code Switching Between Cultures”

Analytical Skills- Instead of battling distraction, embrace your brain’s proclivity for it.
“Dividing Attention Deliberately”

A PEEK IN THE PAST

Back to the Future

The focus of technological advancement today is actually on:

1| Integration of technology knowledge and skills in the 4Cs or 21st Century skills

2 | Student’s college readiness

These are the years that have influenced changes in ICT

1980s- Realization of an educational crisis

1990s- Time of choice and innovation

2000s- How do we measure progress and increase accountability

TODAY- Focus on 21st century skills and college readiness

Evolution of the Web

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web

- open-source information space where documents (formatted and annotated using HTML and
web resources) are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) interlinked using hypertext
links and accessed via the Internet

- considered as central to development of Information Age

- used as primary tool of people to interact with the Internet

Web 1.0 – refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of the Web
pages connected by hyperlinks.

STATIC WEB PAGE

- -is known as a flat page or stationary age in the sense that the page is ‘’as is’’ and cannot be
manipulated by the user. The content is also the same for all users that is referred to as Web 1.0

DYNAMIC WEB PAGE

- -is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic pages.

- The user is able to see a website differently than others.

- - Allows users to interact with the page; instead of just reading the page, the user may be able
to comment or create user account.

Web 2.0

- allowed users to interact and collaborate with each other through social media dialogue

- could create user-generated content in a virtual community

- Includes social networking sites, blogs, folksonomies, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services,
web apps, and mashups

FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

FOLKSONOMY - allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen keywords e.g.
tagging by FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #, referred to as hashtag.

RICH USER EXPERIENCE - content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input.

USER PARTICIPATION - The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others
are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews and evaluation e.g. Lazada,
Amazon.

LONG TAIL - services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICES -users will be subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them

MASS PARTICIPATION - Diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web 2.0’s content is
based on people from various cultures.

Web 3.0 - Web of Data

- Semantic Web – an extension of Web 2.0 by virtue of standards of the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C)

- “provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application,
enterprise, and community boundaries.”
LATEST TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
TECH TRENDS - Gartner, Inc., highlighted the Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends of 2017 based on three
themes, namely, intelligent, digital and mesh.

AI and Advanced Machine Learning - Composed of many technologies and techniques (deep learning,
neural networks, and natural-language processing) that make smart things “intelligent”

Intelligent Apps - Virtual personal assistants, like Siri and Google Home, that perform some human
assistance functions, making tasks easier

Intelligent Things - the physical things that are imbued with machine learning capabilities through rigid
programming. Devices will have a collaborative “intelligent things” model rather than a standalone one

Virtual and Augmented Reality - the immersive technologies that are now dominating the market. VR is
now accessible through different wearables like VR boxes that are cheap, and smartphones capable
enough of running VR apps

- Though focused right now on gaming, VR and AR technology advancements will soon show how these
would be useful in other aspects of society, like business and research

Conversational System - Siri on Apple devices and Cortana for Windows devices (Virtual Personal
Assistants)

- Through evolution of technologies such as Google Home, this will not be limited to single device,
but connected to a network of multiple Internet of Things devices like house lights, air
conditioning units, and many more
Mesh App and Service Architecture (MASA) - Enables users to have an optimized solution for
targeted endpoints in the digital mesh (e.g. desktop, smartphone, automobile) as well as
continuous experience as they shift across these different channels*
Technological Convergence - the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal
or task. For example, besides using your personal computer to create word documents, you can
now use your smartphone.
Social Media - Is a website, application, or online channel that enables web users web users to
create , co-create, discuss modify, and exchange user generated content.
Social, Mobile, and Assistive Media
Types of Social Media: Social Networking Sites, Media Sharing Sites, Discussion Sites, Blogging
and Publishing Network Sites, Customer Review Networks, Mobile Media
Types of Assistive Media:
Assistive Media for the Vissualy Impaired, Hearing Impairments, Speech Difficulty, Learning
Difficulty
LESSON 2
Internet as Research Tool and Online Safety and Ethics
Contextualized Online Search and Research Skills
Contextualized search- Can be defined as a skilled or optimized way of searching the Internet based on
the “context” provided, therefore narrowing down the results given back to you by the search engine
(Feldman, 2012)

Research- A systematic inquiry that attempts to provide solutions to existing problems and questions
using facts and data. This is usually presented in a form where all methods and procedures conducted
are recorded so that they can be viewed and accessed by others

Research Forms: ORIGINAL RESEARCH (PRIMARY SOURCE), HUMANITIES RESEARCH (historical

and sociological), SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (providing explanations about the world), ARTISTIC
RESEARCH (practice-based research)
PERSONAL RESEARCH- also important in daily tasks
PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH- exceedingly important in the academic world
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH:
› to discover new information, to interpret existing facts, to revise accepted knowledge in light of newly
discovered facts, or to apply theories and laws into practice.

Thomas Edison was widely known as inventor of the light bulb, but was not the first

Humphry Davy developed the Arc-Lamp–first electric light device, did not stay lit for very long and too
bright

Joseph Swan discovered carbonized paper is a better filament material for light bulbs, but could not
make his design more efficient and last longer,

But with the help of Edison, both found better materials to use, and their companies merged to sell the
improved light bulb design

Edison, though, was the only one remembered by most people (Skillicorn, 2016)

Why is Research Important?

› Professional researchers (inventors included) produced results based on the works of their
predecessors

› Successful inventions, most of the time, are products of reworking previously made inventions, or were
based on the results of the previous inventions

› Most research is conducted while considering the work of others as references

› Research on healthcare is especially important

› Without further research or verification, a claim may mislead people or even endanger lives

› There are still gaps in the body of knowledge, especially in medical science

› For every cure, treatment, or medicine, intensive research and clinical trials are performed before
approved to ensure the safety of the people

What are the Research Skills I Need to Develop?

CHECK YOUR SOURCES- Evaluate information you gather from your sources

ASK GOOD QUESTIONS- Be specific when entering queries into the search engine.

USE YOUR NETWORKS- Be persistent in looking for more information regarding your topic

BE PATIENT- think critically and synthesize the data you have gathered until you yourself can formulate
your own conclusion

RESPECT OWNERSHIP- Remember that everything on the Internet, be it text, images, ideas, audio, or
any other form of information, has its own respective owner

GO BEYOND THE SURFACE- Social media and other information tools like Wikipedia and online forums
are useful when doing research; can provide various and nuanced perspectives on the information you
need.

ICT Tools Useful in Research

GOOGLE SEARCH- The most popular and powerful search engine in the 21st century

GOOGLE SCHOLAR- Gives users, especially researchers, a simpler way to search for scholarly literature
on the Internet

ONLINE JOURNALS- scholarly publications released in a format accessible via the Internet.
Journal – A periodical publication that contains scholarly articles relating to a particular discipline or
field of study.

ACADEMIC WEBSITES- There are many academic websites and libraries that provide electronic
copies of papers, journals, books, videos, and audio recordings that may aid you in the research
process.
Internet Archive – a non-profit electronic library that has a free-to-access collection of digitized
materials ranging from websites, multimedia files, and academic materials.

EBSCO - another digital library that offers premium fee-based access to mainly academic materials that
are normally not available for public use.

JSTOR – another digital library that is primarily licensed to academic, scientific, and other research and
educational institutions.

Philippine Ejournals – is an online bibliographic database & repository of academic journals in different
disciplines from various resources
Philippine Ejournals – is an online bibliographic database & repository of academic journals in different
disciplines from various resources

Directory of Open Access Journals – is an online directory that indexes and provides access to quality
open access, peer-reviewed journals

Asia Journals Online – a portal to scholarly journals published in Bangladesh, Nepal, The Philippines,
Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia

VERIFICATION OF ONLINE SOURCE MATERIALS

Cramming - one of the many problems of students, especially when doing homework. They fire up their
computers and search for the answers, just before the deadline.

Criteria when evaluating source material: CURRENCY, SECURITY, AUTHORITY, SCOPE

ICT SAFETY, SECURITY, AND NETIQUETTE

1. Online Safety and Security - Most of us use the Internet every day. We share information
online. We don’t pay attention as to how much of this we share Computer Ethics and Netiquette
2. The Dangers- Social networking sites continue to improve their security features. Threat of
cybercrime is very real. We may not experience the threat now, but whatever info we share today
could affect our future.
3. Computer Ethics and Netiquette-
Computer Ethics – new branch of ethics that is concerned with standards of conduct in the use
of computers.
Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people in any way.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s computer work.
3. Thou shalt not sneak around in other people’s computer files.
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper
compensation.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you
are designing.
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow
humans.

Intellectual Property- refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and
artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Trademarks - another familiar type of intellectual property rights protection. A trademark is a
distinctive sign which allows consumers to easily identify the particular goods or services that a
company provides.
Patent - used to prevent an invention from being created, sold, or used by another party without
permission.

- most common type of intellectual property rights that come to people’s minds when they think
of intellectual property rights protection.
Patent Types:

Utility patent- protects the creation of a new or improved product, process, composition of matter,
or machine that is useful.

Design patent - protects the ornamental design on a useful item.

Plant patent - protects new kinds of plants produced by cuttings or other nonsexual means.

Copyright- it covers “tangible” forms of creations and original work–for example, art, music,
architectural drawings, or even software codes

Trade secrets - the secrets of a business. They are proprietary systems, formulas, strategies, or other
information that is confidential and is not meant for unauthorized commercial use by others. This is
a critical form of protection that can help businesses to gain a competitive advantage.

IPR infringement - when you use other people’s work, such as images, movies, or music, and alter
them or combine them into a different work, such as those used in YouTube fan-created videos and
image modifications.

Avoiding Plagiarism
Six Ways to Avoid Plagiarism:
1. Paraphrase- read the material you wish to use and rephrase it in your own words.
- using two words consecutively must be avoided.
- in a situation wherein it cannot be avoided, quotation marks must be used.
2. Cite - Proper citation must be observed when referencing existing materials

3. Quoting - Directly quoting source material is recommended in order to avoid misquotation or

misinterpretation

4. Citing Quotes - Former often includes the page number written after the name of the author if
the source material is a book, magazine, or a newspaper

5. Citing Your Own Material - Although the reference you may want to use is you own work, it is still
necessary to cite yourself as you would another person. Failure to provide citations for your own
material is known as “self-plagiarism”

6. Referencing - Important to provide a page for references and other materials used at the end of
your work Information such as title of the work, author(s), publication date and place, and URL of
the source (for websites) are among the details that must be provided
I.Multiple Choice

1. This term refers to the practice of taking someone else's creative and innovative work or ideas
and passing them off as one's own.
a. Plagiarism
b. Downloading
c. Archiving
d. IPR infringement

2. A very popular source of information since it is a "free open source online encyclopedia" which
is created through collaborative effort of a community but is generally considered as not quite
reliable.
a. EBSCOhost
b. Wikipedia
c. Google Scholar
d. JSTOR
3. This is a set of rules that determines how to properly browse and communicate when using the
Internet.
a. Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics
b. Netiquette
c. Intellectual Property Law
d. Terms and Conditions
4. Due to the alarming rise of cybercrime issues like software piracy and copyright infringement,
legal policies were implemented so that the author, artist or inventor's rights are protected.
What legal policy is being described?
a. Netiquette
b. Terms and Conditions
c. Copyright
d. Intellectual Property Law
5. It is a systematic inquiry that attempts to provide solutions to existing problems.
a. Browsing the web
b. Searching the Internet
c. Scientific Process
d. Research
II. Identification: Identify what is asked by placing your answers on the space provided.

1. Rex is an artist. His new client wants a painting that has different color intensity and brightness
so that certain objects in the painting are noticeable. What principle should Rex apply which
makes larger and darker elements look heavier in the design than smaller and lighter elements
so as to satisfy his client? – Contrast
2. Jose is trying to impress his colleagues with his presentation by making it interactive. He uses an
active link on his presentation so that it redirects him to the URL being attached to the active
word or image. What feature did Jose use? – Hyperlink
3. What sign should be placed first in making a function syntax?- Equal Sign
4. What is a representation of something that conveys meaning, like photographs, paintings,
drawings, illustrations, sculptures, abstracts, etc? – Art
5. What is referred to as a type of software that allows users to publish, edit, organize, and delete
web content? – Content Management System