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Module 1 - E - UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITION

This document provides an overview of occupational health and safety concepts including accident causation and prevention. The objectives are to identify causes of workplace accidents and name different accident types. All accidents are presented as preventable. Unsafe acts by workers and unsafe conditions can both lead to accidents. Accident causes are examined using various accident causation theories. The costs of accidents, including direct medical costs as well as indirect costs like lost productivity, are discussed. Personal protective equipment is introduced as a method to prevent accidents.

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ian nel melo
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665 views

Module 1 - E - UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITION

This document provides an overview of occupational health and safety concepts including accident causation and prevention. The objectives are to identify causes of workplace accidents and name different accident types. All accidents are presented as preventable. Unsafe acts by workers and unsafe conditions can both lead to accidents. Accident causes are examined using various accident causation theories. The costs of accidents, including direct medical costs as well as indirect costs like lost productivity, are discussed. Personal protective equipment is introduced as a method to prevent accidents.

Uploaded by

ian nel melo
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSULTANCY

UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY
ACTS & UNSAFE
CONDITIONS
SESSION OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session, YOU should be able


to:
• To identify the causes of accidents arising in
workplaces
• To name the different accidents / incidents
happening in workplaces.
BASICS

!!! ALL ACCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE !!!


BASICS

If no injury or When injury or


damage occur it is damage occur, it is
called a “near miss”. called an “accident”.
DIFFERENCE
HAZARD NEAR-MISS

It is any situation in It is where


the workplace which somebody slips on
has the potential to the stairs but is not
cause harm like a injured.
slippery set of stairs.
DIFFERENCE
SAMPLES
SAFETY PYRAMID
1 Fatality

30 Injuries with
Lost Workdays

300 Medical or Restricted


Injuries 1 Fatality

3,000 First Aids or Near Misses


30 Injuries with
Lost Workdays
30,000 Unsafe Acts or Unsafe Conditions
300 Medical or Restricted
Injuries

3,000 First Aids or Near Misses

30,000 Unsafe Acts or Unsafe Conditions


DIFFERENCE
Accident Individual slips on stairs and
sustains an injury
1 Fatality

Near-Miss Individual slips on stairs but


30 Injuries with Lost
Workdays

sustains no injury
300 Medical or Restricted Injuries

Potential Individual walking down stairs


3,000 First Aids
or Near Misses

Incident with hands in their pockets


30,000 Unsafe Acts or Unsafe Conditions
ALL ACCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE
Unsafe / Unhealthy Acts
and
Unsafe Condition
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SAFETY
• Accidents cannot be prevented
• Companies do not have many accidents
• Safety is expensive
• Companies are insured anyway
TERMINOLOGIES
▪ SAFETY – freedom from unacceptable risk
of harm.
▪ OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH –
conditions and factors that affect the well-
being of employees, workers, contractor
personnel, visitors and any other person in
the workplace.
ACCIDENT
It is an unplanned, unwanted
sequence of events that
causes unintended injury or
property damage
COMMON TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
▪ Fall from height and fall from the
same level (slips and trips)
▪ Struck against rigid structure,
sharp or rough objects
▪ Struck by falling objects
▪ Caught in, on or in between
objects
▪ Electrocution
▪ Fire
ACCIDENTS
Accidents are the result of a combination of
causes such as:
– Work methods
– Worker
– Work environment
– Equipment used
– Organizational structure
– Climate at the time of accident

Accidents occur as a result of a fault in the total


system, not a fault of an individual worker.
ACCIDENT CAUSES

(Human Factor)
Condition that may ▪ Typhoon Violation of Safe
contribute in the ▪ Floods Procedure
occurrence of an accident ▪ Volcanic Eruption
▪ Earthquake
▪ Etc…
EXAMPLES OF UA & UC
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
UNSAFE ACTS
• Slippery and wet floors
• Horse playing
• Dusty work area
• Smoking in non-smoking areas
• Congested plant lay-out
• Using substandard/defective • Octopus wiring
tools
• Scattered objects on the
• Non-wearing of goggles/gloves floor/work area
• Driving without license • Poor storage system
• Reporting to work under the • Protruding nails and sharp
influence of liquor or drugs objects
• Improper storage • Unguarded rotating
machines/equipment
UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACT
“Any human action that
violates a commonly
accepted safe work
procedure or standard
operating procedure”
- ANSI (American National Standards
Institute)
SAMPLE PHOTOS OF UNSAFE
ACTS
HOW CAN WE PREVENT UNSAFE ACTS?

Consider these simple practices to


reinforce with fellow employees to help
make the workplace safer:
1. To follow all specific safety rules.
2. To report all unsafe acts or unsafe
conditions to your supervisor.
3. To encourage fellow employees to
work safely.
UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY CONDITION
“Any physical or chemical
property of a material,
machine or the environment
which could possibly cause
injury to people, damage to
property, disrupt operations
in a plant or office or other
forms of losses”
- ANSI (American National Standards
Institute)
SAMPLE PHOTOS OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS
COMMON REASONS FOR ACCIDENTS
Layman’s Version:
– “Oras na kasi nya, hayaan na siyang
mamahinga”
– “Ang malas naman niya”
– “Tanga kasi niya”
– “Kasama sa trabaho yan”
These are not real causes …
only EXCUSES
ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED

They don’t
just happen
THE AXE AND THE TOES
Unsafe Act

Unsafe Condition

Near Miss

Property Damaged

Accident (LTI)
BASIC ACCIDENT
CAUSATION THEORIES
ACCIDENT CAUSATION
❑ Accident causation refers to the factors that are
the primary reasons behind an accident.
❑ For occupational health and safety professionals,
determining causation factors in any workplace
injury or accident is KEY
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORY
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORY
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORY
COST OF ACCIDENTS

SAFETY DIRECT COST $ 100


ICEBERG
TRUE COST
OF AN INDIRECT COST =
$ 700 - $ 1400 +
INCIDENT SOCIAL COST
DIRECT COST
All costs directly related to the incident:
❑ Costs paid by medical treatments
❑ Social Security; Workmen’s compensation
❑ Costs paid to replace or repair damaged
equipment or installations
❑ Medical costs
❑ Insurance co-payments
INDIRECT COST
❑ Also known as the “uninsured” or
“hidden costs”, because many of them
are not estimated or related to the
incident.
❑ These costs are always paid by the
company.
HIDDEN COST
AS CONSEQUENCE OF ACCIDENT

▪ Cost of losing ▪ Deterioration in quality


experienced personnel ▪ Customer relation damage
▪ Business interruption ▪ Civil Claims
▪ Loss of time of people ▪ Penalties for non-
involved compliance
▪ Loss of market share ▪ Legal Fees
▪ Company image/Bad ▪ Recruitment/Training of
new personnel
publicity
▪ Damaged product
▪ Increase in insurance
▪ Remediation Cost
premiums
THAT IS WHY…
▪ Companies consider HSE as a core value
because “EMPLOYEES” are the most
important asset
▪ We need to take a pro-active approach to
prevent injuries, protect the health and
the environment
▪ To do it, we must take a PREVENTIVE not
a REACTIVE approach to incidents.
QUESTIONS?
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
END OF
PRESENTATION

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