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Phases of History C2

Civilizations developed along river valleys, which provided water for agriculture and transportation. History is categorized into ancient, medieval, and modern periods based on major social, political, economic, and cultural changes. The ancient Indus Valley Civilization flourished over 6000 years ago in the Indus River valley. During the medieval period from the 9th to 17th centuries, India saw development in art, language, culture, trade, and religion under rulers like Maharana Pratap and Chhatrapati Shivaji. In the modern period from the 18th century to 1947, European trading companies competed in India and the British eventually ruled for 200 years, bringing significant changes.

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SUNIL SONAWANE
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26 views2 pages

Phases of History C2

Civilizations developed along river valleys, which provided water for agriculture and transportation. History is categorized into ancient, medieval, and modern periods based on major social, political, economic, and cultural changes. The ancient Indus Valley Civilization flourished over 6000 years ago in the Indus River valley. During the medieval period from the 9th to 17th centuries, India saw development in art, language, culture, trade, and religion under rulers like Maharana Pratap and Chhatrapati Shivaji. In the modern period from the 18th century to 1947, European trading companies competed in India and the British eventually ruled for 200 years, bringing significant changes.

Uploaded by

SUNIL SONAWANE
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SMT.

SULOCHANADEVI SINGHANIA SCHOOL, THANE


STD 4 / PROJECT I/ SOCIAL STUDIES / JULY 2021 / V K
Chapter 2 – Phases of History

What is a civilization?
Civilization means a society which has its own developed culture
and a way of life.

Why civilizations grew in River Valleys?


The world’s greatest ancient civilizations grew in the valleys of
rivers. They are, therefore known as river valley civilizations.
The rivers valleys provided the following advantages:
1. Rivers provided constant supply of water for human beings as
well as for agriculture.
2. Rivers were used as means of communication and transport.
Since there were no roads to connect distant towns, rivers
were the only means of transportation.

Need to compartmentalise history


The need to compartmentalise history into ancient, medieval and
modern is necessary to understand it in chronological order.
When there are major changes in the social, political, economic and
cultural institutions that are altogether different from the previous
ones, we can say the period has changed.
Ancient History (till 8th century AD)
The ancient history of India begins with one of the oldest
civilizations in the world, the Indus Valley Civilization. It
flourished along the Indus River more than 6000 years ago. The
two major settlements of that time were Harappa and Mohenjo-
Daro. The Indus Valley Civilization was an urban civilization with
well-planned cities and drainage systems.
FACT-Mesopotamia one of the earliest known civilizations in
the world was found to exist in this period.

Medieval History (9th century AD – 17th century AD)


The medieval period is an important period in Indian history. At
this time, there was development in art, language, culture, trade
and religion. Some of the well-known rulers of the medieval
period are Maharana Pratap, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, etc.
Some of the famous monuments constructed during this time are
the Taj Mahal, the Qutub Minar, Meenakshi Temple, the Jama
Masjid, the Charminar, and the Golden Temple.

Modern History (18th century AD -1947)


With the decline of the Mughal empire, many European trading
companies started their trade in India. They competed with each
other. The British defeated other competitors such as the
Portuguese and the French. The British ruled over India for
about 200 years and brought about many changes in the social,
political and economic life of the country.
FACT-The Renaissance and the American Revolution took
place during this period.

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