Solution

REVISION TEST

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
−
−−
(d) √0.6
Explanation: At the angular frequency ω
1
XC =
ωC

I =
V

Z
=
V
...(i)
2 2
√R + X
C

At the angular frequency ω

′ 1 3
X = = = 3XC
C (ω/3)C ωC

∴
I

2
=
V

Z
=
V
...(ii)
2 2
√R +9X
C

Dividing (ii) by (i), we get

2 2
√R + X 2 2
C R +X
1 1 C
= ⇒ =
2 2 2 4 2 2
R +9X R +9X
C C

2 2 2 2
⇒ R + 9X = 4R + 4X
C C

2 2
⇒ 5X = 3R
C
−
−
XC 3 −
−−
∴ = √ = √0.6
R 5

2.
(d) 0.124 H
Explanation: R = 48Ω
f = 80Hz
∘
ϕ = 53

Now, ω = 2πf = 2 × 3.14 × 80

In series LR circuit,
ωL
tan ϕ =
R

∘ 2×3.14×80×L
tan 53 =
48
4 2×3.14×80×L
=
3 48

Thus, L = 0.124 H
3. (a) 7.61mA
Explanation: R = 200Ω , L = 0.4H, C = 5μF = 5 × 10
−6
F , ω = 400rad/s , E = 3volt
Now, X = ωL = 400 × 0.4 = 160Ω
L

1 1
XC = = = 500Ω
ωC −6
400×5×10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
Z = √R + (XC − XL ) = √200 + (500 − 160) = 394.46Ω

E 3
i = = = 0.00761A = 7.61mA
Z 394.46

4.
E0 I0
(c) 2
cosϕ

Explanation: Pav = EvIv cosϕ

E0 I0 E0 I0
= × cosϕ =
2
cosϕ
√2 √2

where ,cosϕ is called the power factor of ac circuit.

5. (a) 200 V - 50 Hz
Ns
Explanation: ε s =
N
⋅ εp

5000
= × 20 = 200 V
500

frequency remains the same.

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VIJAY VIKAS ACADEMY PERUNDURAI NEET/JEE/CA
 6.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The mean average value of alternating current (or emf) during a half, cycle is given by Im = 0.636 I0 (or Em =
0.636 E0) During the next half cycle, the mean value of ac will be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. For this reason
the average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero. So the average value is always defined over a half cycle of ac.
Section B
7. i. Inductance,
XL
L=
2πf

1
= × slope of XL − f graph
2π

1 8−0 1 −3
= × = = 3.18 × 10 H
2π 400−0 100π

ii. From the given graph, when f = 300 Hz, XL = 6 Ω

−−−−−−− −− −−−−
∴ Impedance, Z = √R 2
+ X
2
L
2 2
= √8 + 6 = 10Ω

8. When an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor, inductance (L) of the coil increases, increasing thereby the inductive
reactance XL= ω L. The current Iv = Ev/XL decreases. Therefore, the glow of the light bulb decreases.
If ac source is replaced by dc source of same voltage glow of the bulb is much more (∵ XL = ω L = 2 π ν L = 0). However, this
glow does not change on inserting an iron rod.
9. For unity power factor, XL= Xc
′
ωL = 1/ωC

′ 1 1 −5
C = = = 10 F = 10μF
2 2 −3
ω L (1000) ×100× 10

′ ′′
∵ C = C + C

′′ ′
C = C − C = 10 − 2 = 8μF

So, the required capacitance should be 8μF which will be added in parallel with the given capacitor.
Section C
10. a. To find the impedance of the circuit, we first calculate XL and XC.
XL= 2 π vL

= 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 25.48 × 10-3 Ω = 8 Ω thus the impedence is given by;-

1
XC =
2πvC
1
= = 4Ω
−6
2×3.14×50×796×10

Therefore,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Z = √R2 + (XL − XC ) = √3 + (8 − 4)2

=5Ω
XC − XL
b. Phase difference, ϕ = tan −1

= tan-1 (
4−8

3
) = -53.1°
Since ϕ is negative, the current in the circuit lags the voltage across the source.
c. The power dissipated in the circuit is given as:-
P = I2R
im 283
Now, I = =
1
(
5
) = 40A
√2 √2

Therefore, P = (40A) × 3Ω = 4800 W 2

d. Power factor = cos ϕ = cos (-53.1°) = 0.6

11. i. R is not affected by frequency. So current does not change on increasing f.
ii. Inductive reactance, X = 2πf L . When the frequency f is increased, XL increases and hence current in the circuit decreases.
L

iii. Capacitance reactance, X C =

1

2πf C
. As the frequency f is increased, XC decreases and hence current increases.

12. i. In R-L series combination, voltage leads the current by phase ϕ = π

4
which means element X is an inductor.
π
In R-C series combination, voltage lags behind the current by phase ϕ = 4
. So, element Y is a
capacitor.

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VIJAY VIKAS ACADEMY PERUNDURAI NEET/JEE/CA
 ii. If both elements X and Y are connected in series with R, then power dissipation in the combination can be given as

P = Vrms ⋅ Irms ⋅ cos ϕ

R R
cos ϕ = =
Z 2 2
√R + ( X − X )
L C

Here, X = X , So cos ϕ = 1
L C

Hence, Pmax = Vrms Irms

Section D
13. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c. circuit at any instant is the
product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I). The average power supplied to a pure resistance R over a
complete cycle of a.c. is P = E I . When circuit is inductive, average power per cycle is E I cos ϕ
v γ v v

In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 μF capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω resistance. The a.c. supply to the
circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.
(i) (d) 17.42 W
Explanation: Average power transferred per cycle to resistance is P v
2
= Iv R

As XL = ωL = 2πνL = 2 × × 60 × 0.6 = 226.28 Ω

22

XC = ωC
1
=
1

2πνC
=
7

−6
2×22/7×60×50×10

= 53.03 Ω
2
−−− −−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
Z = √R 2
+ (XL − XC ) = √(10) 2
+ (226.28 − 53.03)
2
= 173.53 Ω
Ev 230
Iv = Z
=
173.53
= 1.32 A
Pv = I 2
v R = (1.32)
2
× 10 = 17.42 W

(ii) (d) zero

Explanation: PL = E v Iv cos ϕ

In a capacitor, phase difference, ϕ = 90o

PL = Ev Iv cos 90
∘
= zero
(iii) (a) 17.42 W
Explanation: Total power absorbed per cycle P = PR + PC + PL = 17.42 + 0 + 0 = 17.42 W

(iv) (d) 6.2 × 104 Joule

Explanation: Energy spent = power × time
= 17.42 × 60 × 60 = 6.2 × 104 Joule
Section E
14. Inductance, L = 0.12 H
Capacitance, C = 480 nF = 480 × 10-9 F
Resistance, R = 23 Ω
Supply voltage, V = 230 V
Peak voltage is given as:
–
V = √2 × 230 = 352.22 V
0

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VIJAY VIKAS ACADEMY PERUNDURAI NEET/JEE/CA
 a. the source frequency for which the current amplitude is maximum is given by:-Current flowing in the circuit is given by the
V0
relation, I 0 =
2
2 1
√R + (ωL− )
ωC

Where,
I0 = maximum at resonance
At resonance, we have
1
ωR L − = 0
ωR C

Where,
ω R = Resonance angular frequency

1
∴ ωR =
√LC

=
1
= 4166.67 rad/s
√0.12×480×10−9

ωR
∴ Resonant frequency, v R =
2π
=
4166.67

2×3.14
= 663.48 Hz
V0
And, maximum current in he given circuit (I0)Max = R
=
325.22

23
= 14.14 A
b. Maximum average power absorbed by the circult is given as:
(Pav)Max = 1

2
(I0)2Max R
=
1

2
× (14.14)
2
× 23 = 2299.3 W
Also ,the resonant frequency (ν ) is 663.48 Hz. R

c. The power transferred to the circuit is half the power at resonant frequency.
Frequencies at which power transferred is half, = ω ± △ω r

= 2π (vR ± △v)

where,
R
△ω =
2L
23
=
2×0.12
= 95.83 rad/s
Hence, change in frequency, △v = 1

2π
△ω =
95.83

2π
= 15.26 Hz
∴ νR + △v = 663.48 + 15.26 = 678.74 Hz
And, ν - △v = 663.48 - 15.26 = 648.22 Hz
R

Hence, at 648.22 Hz and 678.74 Hz frequencies, the power transferred is half.

At these frequencies, the current amplitude can be given as:
′ 1
I = × (I0 )
Max
√2

14.14
= = 10A
√2

ωR L
d. Q -factor of the given circuit can be obtained using the relation, Q = R

=
4166.67×0.12

23
= 21.74
Hence, the Q -factor of the given circuit is = 21.74
15. i.

Working principle:
Step-down transformer is made up of two or more coil wound on the iron core of the transformer. It works on the principle of
magnetic induction between the coils. Whenever current in one coil changes an emf gets induced in the neighboring coil
(Principle of mutual induction)
Voltage across secondary
dϕ
Vs = es = -Ns dt

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VIJAY VIKAS ACADEMY PERUNDURAI NEET/JEE/CA
 Voltage across primary
dϕ
Vp = ep = -Np dt

Vs Ns

Vp
=
Np
(here, Ns > Np)
In an ideal transformer
Power Input - Power output
Ip Vp = Is Vs
Vs Ns Ip
∴ = =
Vp Np Is

ii.

Input power, Pi = Ii × Vi = 15 × 100 = 1500 W

Power output, P0 = Pi × 90

100
= 1350 W
⇒ I0 V = 1350 W
1350
Output voltage, V0 = 3
V = 450 V

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