Listening to a Lecture Discussing Pros and Cons of Tourism Listening to a Conversation between Classmates Presenting a Problem and Proposing Solutions. id Se em eu essa Grr Wee Seen kc ud Pat cet ane chien Bene erectaPee 2) units ity in the world Peso act urban areas, Imagine this ented EUROPE tke ca io -0% Masco cy sourH ~@ AMERICA Tokyo urban agglomeration with more ‘han Z0'rition people (mega) ego Urban agglomeration nth more than Silon people Larges bon agomeation Bar our or possessionEreencene) iio Cars fil the streets of Bangkok, Thaland, Crowds fila railroad station in = As cities get larger, new challenges such Guangciong, China, As the worla's ce ee 2 trafic jams bacome Important issues. | population grows, competion fr space = ®t _isa challnge in mary large cites. Pra sence mgt hens Oe. AUSTRALIA wnne @-~ URBAN CHALLENGES | 34 units ©. A | Meaning from Context. Read and lsten to the information about the ways that some cities are meeting new challenges. Notice the words in blue. These are words you will hear and use in Lesson A. Finding affordable land for housing is a challenge in many of the world's largest cities. Some residents of Tokyo, Japan, have found a solution to this problem. They are building homes on pieces of land as small as 344 square fost (82 square meters). Thase “micro-homes” allow paople to live close to central Tokyo and cost much less than other homes in the city. Many micro-homes have several floors and big windows that maximize sunlight. Many cities have problems with air pollution and smog. What can big cities do to regulate the amount of air pollution and smog generated by cars and factories? An Italian company has come up with an innovative tool to reduce pollution: smog-eating cement. The cement contains a substance that converts, Pollution into harmless chemicals. The harmless chemicals wash off roadways when it rains. Smog-eating materials are also being used in roof tes in Los. ‘Angeles, California, the smoggiest city in the United States. Cities must find creative ways to build public parks, gardens, and outdoor areas when space is limited. In New York City, the High Line was an unattractive black steel structure that once supported railroad tracks. Today, the High Line has been restored as an elevated urban park. The park was financed by donations, and now it is one of the most inviting public spaces in the city. Visitors can walk through the gardens, relax on the sundeck, and attend public art exhibits and special events. ‘Smog is a combination of smoke and fog that can damage the health of humans, plants, and animals, B | Match each sentence beginning to its ending to complete each definition. Use context clues from exercise A to understand the words in blue. Use your dictionary to help you. 1. The residents of a house or area are a._you repair and clean it. 2, To finance something means 'b. to.change it $0 that it can be used 3. Ifyou maximize something, — for another purpose. 4, Achallenge is . the people who ive there. 5. An innovation is you produce it, or cause it to be 6. Ifyou restore an old painting, — produced. 7, To regulate something means 8. something new and creative. 8 When you generate something, {. you increase it as much as possible. 9. Astructure is 3. something that has been built 10. To convert one thing into h. a difficult job that requires effort. another means — i. to control the way it is done. |. to pay foriA | Using a Dictionary. Complete the chart with the correct form of each word. Use your dictionary to help you. (See page 209 of the Independent Student Handbook for more information on using a dictionary.) Noun Verb Adjective i challenge challenge 2 convert 3. finance 4, generate 5. innovative 6 maximize ii regulate 8. resident 8, restore. 10, structure B | Read a tour guide's explanation of an unusual challenge facing the city of Venice, Italy. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a word from exercise A above. Welcome to Venice, everybody! To start our tour today, I want to tell you about a (1) _____we face in our beautiful city: floods. You see,a large portion of Venice was built on a salt marsh.’ City planners had to find a way to (2) space and use every part of the marsh. Builders placed hundreds of wooden logs deep into the marsh. Then they placed building foundations? on top of the logs. By doing this, they were able to (3) —___ the salt marsh into land for farming. But the salt marsh is like a giant sponge. The weight of the city pushes down on the salt marsh and buildings slowly sink into the water. High tides, called acqua alta, are also a problem. Now, Venice floods on a regular basis. Venetian (4) __ are used to the floods, but our old and beautiful buildings suffer. Many (5) are damaged by the water and the (6) ______of these buildings is very expensive, ‘The city is now building water barriers that will stop seawater from flooding the city. This (7) project is called MOSE, and it will be completed soon. The cost of this project is already more than seven billion dollars. Some people argue that the project violates government (8) ___ and is illegal. Others believe that the water barriers will interfere with the beauty of the city and will cause tourists to leave. Let’s hope this does not happen, because tourism (9) _____ business for shops, restaurants, and hotels. (10) support is necessary to help pay for the MOSE project. So thank you for coming to Venice! 2A salt marsh is an area of flat, wet ground that is sometimes covered by salt water. 24 foundation is a layer of bricks or concrete that a structure is built on. UREAY APACCENREE |Before Listening Predicting Content. Look at the photo of tourists in Venice, Can you guess how many tourists visit Venice each year? How do tourists help the city? How do they hurt it? Discuss your ideas with a partner. (See page 202 of the Independent Student Handbook for more information on predicting) Listening: A Lecture Criti Thinking Focus: Identifying the Lecture Topic Lecture introductions often have two parts. In the first part, the speaker provides background information about the topic, or reviews what was covered in earlier lectures, Inthe second part of the introduction, the speaker announces the specific topic they plan to discuss and explains how they will present the information. Correctly identifying the lecture topic can help you organize your lecture notes. , A | Listen to the lecture introduction, Which specific topic is this lecture about? Circle the correct answer. 1, The problem of flooding 2, The MOSE project 8, Problems caused by tourists 9. B | Listening for Main Ideas. Listen to the lecture and complete the main ideas about the problems and benefits of tourism. (See page 203 of the Independent Student Handbook for more information on listening for main ideas) Problems of Tourism. Benefits of Tourism 1. City services: 1. Generates 2. Higher prices for 2. Money helps city 3, Higher in tourist areas 3, Many Venetians have jobs related to 4, Bed = proton 5. The city’s population is, && C | Withapariner, compare your answers from exercise B, Did you both list the same main ideas? 6 | uNiT4£3, D | Listening for Details. Listen again and answer the questions about detals in the lecture. 1. How many tourists visited Venice in one holiday weekend? a. 60,000 . 80,000 ©. 21 million 2, What is NOT found in the Rialto Market area? a. Grocery stores ', Souvenir shops ©. Abeach 3. What did a 1999 law make it easier to do? a. Convert residences to hotels or guest houses b, Increase the cost of garbage collection ©. Create affordable housing for young people 4, What is the population of Venice today? a, Around 120,000 'b, Around 80,000 «. Around 60,000 5. What did the speaker say about the unemployment rate in Venice? a. Itis higher than in the rest of Italy. b. Itis lower than in the rest of Italy. ¢. Its lower in the summer than in other seasons. After Listening A | Making inferences. a partner. 1. Based on the lecture, what is the attitude of Venetian residents toward tourists? Use information from the listening to support your answer. 2. What is the lecturer’s attitude about Venice's future? 3. Look at the cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the lecture ‘you just heard, iscuss these questions with Form a group with two or three other students. Look al the cartoon. As a group, create a caption for the cartoon. Share your caption with the class. URBAN CHALLENGES | 7Language Function Introducing a Topic During a presentation or a formal conversation, we often use special phrases and expressions to introduce a topic. These expressions help listeners to identify main ideas ‘and follow along with a presentation or conversation. Here are some common phrases to introduce a new topic. To begin with... Let me add that... 'd lke to focus on... ‘Another point | want to make is Today's topic is... Today, we're going to cover. Let's move on to. . What | want to do today is... DY A | Inthe lecture, the speaker used a number of expressions for introducing a topic. Listen to the sentences and filin the expressions, 1. OK, everyone, __ continue our discussion about cities and the challenges they face . 2, So,_______ let's review a few of the points we've discussed so far. 3, ________there is a serious housing problem in Venice. 4, _____________ that many people in Venice have jobs related to tourism, B | Reread the expressions for introducing a topic. Which expressions are for introducing topios at the beginning of a talk? Which expressions are for introducing topics later on in a talk? Write each expression in the correct column, Introducing a Topic at the Introducing a Topic Later Beginning of a Talk ‘onina Talk BKC | Youhave leamed about two of Venice's challenges. Imagine that you are explaining one of the challenges to a new student. Choose one of the roles below and explain the problem to a partner. Use expressions for introducing a topic in your discussion. Student A: Flooding in Venice (Reter to exercise B, page 5) Student B: Tourism in Venice (Refer to pages 6-7 and CD 4, Track 4) 8) unsGrammar The Passive Voice We use the active voice to emphasize the agent, or the “doer,” of an action: During the acqua alta, people wear boots instead of shoes. We use the passive voice when the agent of a sentence is not known of is not important Instead, the passive voice emphasizes the object of the action. During the acqua alta, boots are worn instead of shoes, ‘The passive voice consists of a form of be + the past participle of the verb. Verb Tense Passive Voice ‘Simple present During the Carnival celebration, masks are warn. Simple past The walkways weren't set up today. Future The barriers will be (are going to be) constructed. Present continuous Flood barriers are being constructed. Present perfect Their house hasn’t been sold. ‘Modal, simple present ‘The house can't be converted into a hotel. ‘A | Complete each sentence with the passive voice of the verb in parentheses. Use the correct verb tense, 1. New Orleans badly (damage) during Hurricane Katrina in 2006. 2. Eighty percent of the city flood. Some parts of New Orleans —___ sti (rebui 4, There have been many meetings to discuss how a similar disaster (can, avoid) in the future. ‘A conference on this subject _________ hola) next year. Meanwhile, tourists are returning to New Orleans, and many conventions —________— hold) there every year, Hurcana Kalra fooded the ty of New (ean, Louisiana, URBAN CHALLENGES | 93B | Study the diagram of the MOSE flood barrier project in Venice. Work with a partner to ‘complete the conversation about the diagram. Complete the sentences with the active or passive voice of the verb in parentheses. Use the correct tense. How k Works {Hollow soe gate fled with wate fein aras butt into the Vericelagoon foor 2. Wen a foods preccte, aris pumpedito te gstes. This makes ne gates Poa anc alow them ore within anal hou. 4. Fully elevated, te gates separate the sea rom the lagoon. When the food) sop, water flows back ino the gate 1 cover them 1. At Where will the barriers be constructed (construct)? B: They —_____________(oonstruct) in the three places where water enters the Venice lagoon from the Adriatic Sea, 2 the barriers_____________(consist) of? —___ (consist of 78 giant gates, 92 feet (28 meters) wide and 65 feet (20 meters) across. 3. the gates __ (attach) to? {attach) to giant concrete bases lying on the sea floor. 4. the gates raise)? Whenever a high tide (Predict) and there is a danger of flooding in the city 5. A: How the gates ray? Air _________________(pump) into hollow panels in the gate. This ____ force) the gate to rise and form a barrier against the waves. 6. Ai When_____ the project ______ {complete}? ‘everything goes as planned, it _______________ (complete) in 2012. &% C | Understanding Visuals. Work with your partner and practice the conversation from ‘exercise B. Then discuss the MOSE diagram with your partner. Based on the diagram, do you think the MOSE barrier will stop floods? Explain your opinions. 10) uNiTsDiscussing Pros and Cons of Tourism 423A | Critical Thinking. Form a group with two or three other students, Look at the list of topics below. How does tourism affect each of these areas? Discuss your ideas with your group. Add your own topics to the list. Public transportation Culture (arts, restaurants, and museums) Tourist attractions Cleanliness Job opportunities for residents, The cost of ving The city’s reputation Other: B | Organizing Ideas. With your group, select a city thet you know well. Make notes in the chart about the positive effects (pros) and negative effects (cons) that tourism has on your chosen city. City Positive Effects (Pros) Negative Effects (Cons) 4&4 C | Discussion. With your group, use your chart from exercise B to talk about the effects, cf tourism on your chosen city. Does tourism have more positive effects or more negative effects? ‘Sometimes in pair or group conversations people accidentally interrupt other people. Hete are some expressions you can use to apologize for interupting, Sorry, Go ahead. I'm sony. | didn’t mean to cut you off Sorry. What were you going to say? | Cops. Please finish what you were saying. | URBAN CHALLENGES | 11“The Tuareg poopie ware nomads, but today some of tam are fama. 12 unit 4 Before Viewing aa a B| Predicting Content. Lesson A discussed some challenges faced by people in cities. The video you are going to watch is about a problem faced by farmers in Mall With a partner, look at the map and the photos on pages 12 and 13 and answer the questions. 4. Some Tuareg farmers live next to Lake Gossi. Why do you think they live there? 2. Some elephants stay at Lake Gossi during the dry season. Why do you think they stay there? 3. What problems can you imagine between the farmers and elephents at Lake Gossi? Write three problems you think you might see in the video. Using a Dictionary. You will hear these words and phrases in the video. Work with your partner and match each word or phrase with the correct definition. Use your dictionary to help you 4. catastrophe (hn) a. aifrightening dream; a teribie experience 2. brush fence (n) —— —_b. a_person who has no permanant home, but moves 3. drought in) constantly in search of water and food 4. nightmare (n) ©. an unexpected event thet causes great suffering 5. nomad (n) = dan unusually jong time during which no rain falls e. abarrier made from short, strong bushesWhile Viewing DA | Look at the problems you listed in exercise A in the Before Viewing section. Watch the video. Check the problem(s) the video talks about. B | Viewing for Main Ideas. Watch the video again. What do the farmers do to keep elephants out of their gardens? Check (V7) Yes for the things you see and No for the things you don't see. Solutions to the Elephant Problem 1. They dig deep holes for the elephants to fall into. 2. They build fences around the gardens to keep the elephants out. 3. They shine lights at the elephants and make a lot of noise. 4, They use guns to shoot at the elephants. 5, They put the elephants in trucks and take them far away. 6. They grow food for the elephants outside of the gardens. After Viewing Lake Gossn Mal nas notin fer many marie e the yea. Yes No A | Complete each sentence using the passive voice of the verb in parentheses, The water 2 Water 3. The elephants little food available during the dry season, 4, Last night was a nightmare for the farmers. Many crops and trees (destroy). 5. The same struggle every year since Omar was a child (repeat) 424 B | Critical Thinking. Form a group with two or three other students. Look at your answers to exercise B in the While Viewing section. There are six ideas in the list, but the farmers don't try all of them. Discuss the other ideas. Why do you think the farmers don't try these ideas? (Share) between the people and the elephants, (carry) from the lake to the gardens in goatskins. {attract) to the gardens because there is ‘Beahants need huge amounts of water an food. URBAN CHALLENGES | 132% A | Using a Dictionary. Work with a partner, Match each word with its definition. Use your Gictionary to help you internalize (vy) 4. relating to group of people who have the same conform (vy) culture, race, traditions, or background ethnic ed,) able to exist together debatable (adj) to make sure that a rule is obeyed one of a kind compatible (adj). — economy (n) dominate (vy) = promibit vy) | 40. unique (adj) = to have control of or power over an area to make a belief part of your way of thinking to forbid a topic that can be questioned and is not certain the system by which a country's trade, industry, and money are organized J. to behave in the same way as most other people 1 2 3. 4. 5. enforce (vy) __ 6. % 8. 9. Feng aog 2, B | Read the article and fil in each blank with the correct form of a word from exercise A. Then listen and check your answers. Singapore is one of Asia’s most interesting countries. It s surprising that such a small nation has such a powerful (1) ________. Many people believe that ‘Singapore's economic success is because of the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's first Prime Minister. His ideas have (2) the politics of Singapore for decades. Singapore's model of success is unlike that of any other ‘country, The model is a (3) —____ combination of two ideas: the encouragement of business and the enforcement of strict laws. To follow this model, the people of Singapore have learned to live and work together in an orderly way. There are laws that encourage cooperation between (4) groups strictly (5) and like all laws in Singapore, the are Spitting, selling chewing gum, and littering are all (6) by law. While these laws may surprise some visitors, many Sing; poreans have (7) ____ them, and for the most part, they follow the rules and laws without thinking about them, Most Singaporeans believe that strict laws are (8) with an orderly and secure society. They are willing to (9) to rules and laws if it will make life in Singapore more pleasant. Some Singaporeans and some people from other countries, however, may feel that the benefits of these laws are (10) Lee Kuan Yeu 141) uniTtA | Using a Dictionary. Complete the chart with the correct form of @ word from exercise A ‘on page 14. Then complete each sentence with the correct form of the word. Use your dictionary to help you. Noun Verb Adjective i debatable 2 enforce 3. economy 4. prohibit 1. Dogs are______on public beaches and in many parks. 2. The two candidates for president are going to hold a public, 3. Inthe United States, @ law against chewing gum would not be 4, When my father lost his job, our family was forced to 23 B | Work with a partner. Read the statements about Singapore. Guess If they are true or false. Circle T for true or F for false. Then check your answers at the bottom of the page. 1. The cream-colored giant squirrel is @ unique animal thatlives only = TF in Singapore. 2. The largest ethnic group in Singapore is Malay. TOF 3. In 2010, Singapore's economy had the highest growth rate in T OF the wort, In Singapore, eating ice cream in public is prohibited by law. TOF Singapore has a special government agency tht enforces TOF anticorruption laws, Self-Reflection. Form a group with two or three other students. Discuss the following questions 1. Do you have a goal such as graduating from school that has dominated your actions? In what way has this goal affected you? 2. What is an important value or belief you have internalized? 3, Talk about a time when you chose to conform to what other people were doing, Do you think you made the right choice, or did you regret it later? 4, Are strict laws compatible with your ideas of personal freedom? Explain. 4 °9 (Pavquod ious 1) 4» Coie wvaL6 rsaU6iy-puodes ein peYy) 4 “€ (eseuug Si alodebug u droB sue 1995.0 SU) 4-2 LL 'suaMSNY URBAN CHALLENGES | 15Before Listening 2% Predicting Content. With a partner, predict the answers to these questions about Singapore. 1. Look at the map. Where is Singapore located? How big do you think itis? How many large cities does it have? 2, Look at the photo at the bottom of the page. Why do you think the Meriion was chosen as the symbol of Singapore? Brainstorm some ideas. Listening: A Conversation between Classmates QA | Listening for Main Ideas. Read the statements below. Then listen tothe conversation about Singapore, Circle T for true or F for false. The word Singapore means “ion city. Singapore is rich in natural resources. Nearly all the people of Singapore belong to one ethnic group. Singapore is a small country with a large economy, The spirit of kiasu is about enjoying life every minute, Singapore has a strict system of laws. PoeoNa 4agaaa naaa3aT 3B | Compare your answers to exercise A with a partner. Revise the false statements to make them true, .&, ¢ | Listening for Details. Listen again. Fil in the missing information. 1. Singapore started off asa________ village. 2, Modern Singapore was founded in the year . The size of Singapore is about __ square miles (697 square kilometers) Singapore is ____ percent urbanized Singapore's economy was ranked the most innovative economy in the word Lee Kuan Yew's ideas dominated Singapore politics for______ years. 7. Kiasu means “afraid to “The Merona the symbot of Singapore, After Listening 28 Discussion. With ¢ partner, discuss the questions. 1. Do you have the spirit of kiasu? Explain. 2. In Singapore you can be fined for spitting on the {grOUNd and for forgetting to flush a public toilet Do you think thase types of laws would be halptul in your city? Explain 16 | UNITYPronunciation Pronouncing the letter t The letter t at the end of a word can be pronounced in different ways. Here are three ‘common ways to pronounce t at the end of a word: 4. When a word that ends in tis followed by a word that begins with a vowel, the is pronounced as a quick d sound. that again itis what are 2. When tis followed by a word that begins with a consonant (other than f or a), hold your teeth and tongue in a t position, but do not release any air. not now what really that language 3. When ts followed by a word beginning with the sound /y/, such as you or your, the t is pronounced ch. what you that you at your A. | Look at the following word pairs. How is the final tof the first word pronounced? Check (7) your answer. d noair ch a noair ch 4. atyou ao aoa 5. thoughtyor Q QQ Qa 2 upsetabout 4 Q Q 6. not yet agoaoa 3. hitus oo oa 7. eighto'lock OQ QO O 4, what now oa a 8. not really ao aa B | Listen and check your answers to exercise A. Then listen again and repeat the phrases. | With a partner, practice the folowing dialogs. Pay attention to the underined words and be ‘sure to pronounce t correctly. When you finish, switch roles and repeat, 1. A: Idicn't hear what you said, B: I'm somty ll say it again 2. A: Do you want some coffee? B: No thanks, But how about some tea? 3. A: Is itlunchtime? B: Not yet. 4. A: What are you going to do with those papers? B: I'm going to put them in the trash. 5. A: What are you so upset about? B: | got a bad grade on that science test URBAN CHALLENGES | 1718 | UNITS Language Function A Agreeing or Disagreeing We use many different expressions to agree or disagree with something that someone has said. Some expressions are mild (gente). Others are stronger and said with more feeling, Agree Disagree mild lagree. mild I'm not so sure (about that). I think s0 too. That's debatable. J think you're right. | disagree. acts! | don't think so. strong No kidalng! strong No way! You can say that again! That's crazy! |_ Inthe conversation about Singapore, the classmates used a number of expressions for ‘agreeing and disagreeing. Listen to the conversation again and write the expressions you heat. 1. Man: You know, the Singaporeans I've met all work very hardl. They seem to want to bbe number one in everything, Woman: i es 2. Man: | think that the laws seem way too strict, don't you? Woman: Actually, no. 8. Woman: In my opinion, Ic rather have strict laws and safe streets than lenient laws and more crime, Man: Hmmm, | think it's a debatable point. But__________ that Singapore is an interesting place. 2% B | Withapartner, practice the sentences in exercise A. Replace the responses with other me expressions from the box that have the same meaning, | Work with your partner. Read the statements below about different urban challenges. Do you agree or disagree with each statement? Discuss your ideas with your partner. | agree. | think there should also be a fine for text messaging while driving. ‘There should be a $200 fine for using a cell phone while driving. Itis the government's responsibilty to provide free housing for homeless people Billooards by the side of the road are ugly and distracting. They should be ilegal. Pets should be allowed in restaurants, shops, and movie theaters, Everyone should be allowed to own firearms. ‘Smoking should be prohibited in all public plages, both indoors and outdoors. itis impossible for people from different ethnic groups to live together in peace. In crowded cities, the government has the right to limit the number of cars a family can have, NOORODSGrammar Using an Agent in Passive Voice Sentences In passive voice sentences, the agent of the action is not mentioned when: ‘The agent is understood and would be redundant. The garbage hasn't been collected yet. (Agent: by the garbage collectors) ‘+ The agent is unknown. A policeman was shot yesterday. * The speaker doesn't want to state the agent. The president admitted that mistakes were made. ‘You should include the agent in passive sentences when it is important that people know the “doer” of the action. in these types of sentences, the agent follows the word by. Grass has been planted by volunteers in all the pubic parks. A | Read the paragraph. Circle the passive voice verb forms. Underline any agents. = pan TUTTI Cleaning Up Europe’s Urban Rivers WATT HT Keeping rivers clean is a challenge for most large cities. Inthe 1900s, rivers in many cities were polluted by harmful chemicals and raw sewage from nearby industries. Fish were often missing from urban rivers completely. Today, some large European cities are successfully keeping their rivers clean. More and more, fishermen are catching fish in rivers flowing through cities such as London, Paris, and Stockholm. Even fish that require very clean water to live, such as salmon and trout, are being caught. Why are the fish returning? A couple of reasons have been suggested. One reason is the disappearance of industries that used to pollute the rivers. ‘Tough new pollution laws and water rules have also helped make rivers cleaner. Nor all the rivers have been cleaned up, bur the signs of recovery are promising for Europe's urban rivers. ‘tan fee na Lanon 3B | Witha partner, review your answers in exercise A. Locate sentences where the passive voice is used without an agent. Why hasn't an agent been used? Decide on a reason, € | Discussion. Select a tourist attraction or landmark in your favorite city. Form a group. with two or three other students. Tell the members of your group about this place. Use the passive voice as appropriate. Answer the following questions: ‘+ Where is this place or attraction? © What is it used for? ‘+ When was it designed and built? © Willit be changed in the future? How? URBAN CHALLENGES | 19In this presentation, you and a partner will present a problem affecting your city and propose solutions to the problem. You and your partner will use a graphic organizer to help organize your ideas, 23 A | Witha partner, discuss problems affecting your city. Use your own knowledge and experience. If necessary, look at a local newspaper for information about local problems, @& B | Using a Graphic Organizer. With your partner, choose one of the problems you discussed in exercise A. Create a Spider Map like the one below to help you organize your ideas. Write the problem in the center circle of the Spider Map. Discuss the causes of the problem and list them in the Spider Map. Then discuss different ways to solve each problem and add the solutions to the Spider Map. (See page 214 of the Independent ‘Student Handbook for more information about using graphic organizers.) ot SS % C| Planning a Presentation. Decide who wil present each part of the presentation and practice out loud. Try to include new vocabulary from this unit and the passive voice. &% D| Presentation. With your partner, present your problem and solutions to the class. ‘We would like to talk about the problem of youth gangs. The causes are qi ‘complicated. To begin with . ‘One way to solve this problem -school program at the Community Center. Se ker When you are giving a presentation, itis important to make eye contact with the audience. Try to make eye contact a natural part of your presentation. If you are using notes during your presentation, do not read! directly from your notes. Instead, look down conly when you need help to remember your next point. Look around the room at your listeners and make eye contact with the individuals in the audience.