To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

17th Performance and Operations Conference in Dubai

Engine Dual Failure Procedure review

Re-thinking the ”Engine Dual Failure” procedure following the Hudson
River Event
Presented by
Xavier VILLAIN / A320/A330/A340 Senior Flight Operations Engineer
To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

15th January 2009

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Procedure review

4 The Emergency touchdown procedure

5 Way forward

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

15th January 2009 – Facts
• Just after takeoff, when clean configuration had been achieved, at
approximately 3000ft with a CAS of 220kts, aircraft experienced
multiple bird strikes impacting both engines.

• Birds ingestion led to a loss of thrust on both engines to the

extend that continued level flight could not be maintained.

• Emergency water landing approximately 3 minutes 31 seconds

after the birdstrikes.

• All 155 persons on-board safely evacuated the aircraft and were
rescued by several boats.

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15th January 2009 – Lesson learnt

• ECAM warning and procedure may not trigger when one engine is
still running (engine N2 above the threshold but no thrust).

• Procedure not optimized to address low altitude events.

• Current procedure is a flow, starting from high altitude.

• From windmilling relight attempt to landing

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Procedure review

4 The Emergency touchdown procedure

5 Way forward - Conclusion

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

NTSB report
• Following investigation the NTSB
recommended:
Manufacturer of turbine powered
aircraft develop checklist and
procedure for dual engine failure
occurring at low altitude.

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Current design
• Two engine failure is managed by ECAM.

• ECAM procedure requires reference to the QRH procedures.

• ECAM Warning: -ENG DUAL FAILURE on SA aircraft
-ENG ALL ENG FLAME OUT on LR
• Procedure displayed when all engines detected failed (ex:N2< 50%)
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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Current design
Procedure designed for high altitude engine dual failure

• Based on review of worldwide previous events (volcanic ashes,

no fuel remaining, …).

• Modified after the Azores landing experience with no fuel

remaining, to have a more straight forward procedure for the pilot
-Makes distinction between “Fuel Remaining” and “No Fuel
Remaining” conditions
-Single stay-in checklist – no need to refer to additional
procedures or documents

• Not optimized for low altitude events.

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Procedure review

4 The Emergency touchdown procedure

5 Way forward - Conclusion

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Considering low altitude but …

• What is low altitude ?

• Differ from one pilot to another pilot

• Not only a matter of altitude but rather a matter of:
• Time to touchdown
• Flight crew workload: Pilot judgment will determine what can be
attempted to recover
• Environmental conditions (weather, day/night, terrain, ...)
• Others …

New procedure should address

all possible cases
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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The objectives
• One single procedure that is applicable at high and low altitude
• Stay as close as possible to the current procedure.
• Keep same level of efficiency at high altitude as the current
procedure.

• Should be applied in case of all engine flame out or engine failure

(with limited thrust available).

• Should recommend APU start with no delay to recover electrical

power and bleed supply.

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The basis

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Main steps of the procedure
• Definition of “Immediate actions” to be applied with no condition
and whatever the failure case and altitude.
• Primary actions to optimize aircraft controllability and engine
securisation (APU, RAT, …)

• Procedure divided altitude ranges

• For each altitude range, the procedure will provide

• A speed target and estimated gliding distance (NM per1000ft
and ft per NM)
• Secondary actions (cabin securization, …)
• Engine relight procedure (if applicable) according to altitude
range.

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Definition of the altitude ranges – The APU

APU START
ELEC

ELEC
+
BLEED

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STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Definition of the altitude ranges – The engines

No Relight

No bleed

Windmill

Starter
Assisted

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STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 1 - Dual engine failure in cruise – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

ENGINE DUAL
FAILURE

Page 15

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 1 - Dual engine failure in cruise – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Windmilling relight

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 1 - Dual engine failure in cruise – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Windmilling relight

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Page 17

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 1 - Dual engine failure in cruise – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Windmilling relight

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Approach preparation

Page 18

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 1 - Dual engine failure in cruise – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent

Windmilling Engine relight

Starter assisted relight

Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 19

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 2 - Dual engine failure in climb – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Not applicable

Windmilling relight

ENGINE DUAL
FAILURE

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Approach preparation

Page 20

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 2 - Dual engine failure in climb – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent

Windmilling Engine relight

Starter assisted relight

Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 21

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 3 - Dual engine failure in climb – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Not applicable

Windmilling relight
Not applicable
ENGINE DUAL
FAILURE

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Approach preparation

Page 22

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 3 - Dual engine failure in climb – Fuel remaining

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent

Windmilling Engine relight

Starter assisted relight

Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 4 - Dual engine failure in cruise – No Fuel

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

NO FUEL or ALL
ENGINE DAMAGED

Descent at
green dot speed

Approach preparation

Page 24

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 4 - Dual engine failure in cruise – No Fuel

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

Descent at
green dot speed

Approach preparation

Page 25

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 4 - Dual engine failure in cruise – No Fuel

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent

Windmilling Engine relight

Starter assisted relight

Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 26

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 5 - Dual engine failure after takeoff

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Windmilling relight

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Approach preparation

Page 27

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 5 - Dual engine failure after takeoff

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent

Windmilling Engine relight

Starter assisted relight

Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 28

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Procedure layout
ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

Immediate actions
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication

Initial descent
Eng relight
max alt
Windmilling Engine relight
APU bleed
Starter assisted relight max alt

No relight
Descent at green dot speed
10000ft AGL
Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 29

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Procedure layout
ENGINE DUAL FAILURE

•IF ENGINE RELIGHT Immediate

CAN BE actions
ATTEMPTED
Electrical and hydraulic supply recovery
Communication
CONTINUE procedure according to altitude
Initial descent

•IF ENGINE RELIGHT CANNOT BE ATTEMPTED

Windmilling Engine relight
(No fuel remaining, engine damage, …)
-SPEED ……………………………GREEN
Starter assisted relight DOT
CONTINUE procedure for APPROACH PREPARATION
Descent at green dot speed

Approach
Forced landing or Ditching

Page 30

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

STLS Briefing Apil 2010

Case 6 - Dual engine failure after takeoff

ENGINE DUAL FAILURE PROCEDURE

No Engine relight attempt

Windmilling relight

Starter assisted relight

(supplied by APU
bleed)

Approach preparation

Page 31

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Procedure review

4 The Emergency touchdown procedure

5 Way forward - Conclusion

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

TOO LOW TO RELIGHT
• This is not an answer !
• In case of low altitude event use the remaining time:
• Fly the aircraft to touchdown site
• To prepare the aircraft
• Prepare touchdown

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

What is in the Pilot’s mind ?

Birds !
No more thrust !

Page 34

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

What is in the Pilot’s mind ?

My flaps ? My gear ?
My speed ?

Page 35

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The EMERGENCY TOUCHDOWN procedure
• Procedure to be applied when unable to maintain level flight
following loss of thrust when touchdown is imminent.

• Provides the minimum steps to apply in case of low altitude dual

engine failure:
• APU Start / Landing Gear / Flaps / Speed target
• Main steps of “Forced landing” or “Ditching” procedure

• Will be included on the QRH back cover page (above

EMERGENCY EVACUATION) for immediate reference.

Page 36

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The EMERGENCY TOUCHDOWN procedure
• Procedure to be applied when unable to maintain level flight
following loss of thrust when touchdown is imminent.

• Provides the minimum steps to apply in case of low altitude dual

engine failure:
• APU Start / Landing Gear / Flaps / Speed target Example: Not for operational use

• Main steps of “Forced landing” or “Ditching” procedure

• Will be included on the QRH cover page (above EMERGENCY

EVACUATION) for immediate reference.

Page 37

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The answer
We lost both
engines !
Too low
EMERGENCY
TOUCHDOWN
procedure

Page 38

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

To insert the presentation title here, go to tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' May 2011

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Procedure review

4 The Emergency touchdown procedure

5 Way forward

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Way forward
• Implementation in two steps
• 1st - Emergency Touchdown procedure (Target date Oct 2011)
• 2nd - New Engine Dual Failure (Target date Early 2012)

• New guidelines provided in FCTM

• When and how to apply Emergency touchdown procedure
• When and how to apply Engine Dual Failure (All Engine Flame Out)
procedure

• Fleet wide implementation expected.

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© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Conclusion
• In-service experience leads Airbus to consider new scenarios,
and to address it.

• Definition of an immediately accessible procedure to help

handling very low altitude thrust loss.

• Ongoing enhancement on the Engine Dual Failure procedure to

cover all altitude scenarios.

• Update on the procedure development and implementation will be

provided via WEBEX during the coming months.

Page 41

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

 © AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and
proprietary document.
This document and all information contained herein is the sole
property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are
granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of
its content. This document shall not be reproduced or
disclosed to a third party without the express written consent
of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be
used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.
The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They
are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed
in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these
statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to
explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321,
A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

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