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1.5 Logarithmic Functions

The document defines logarithmic functions as the inverse of exponential functions. It provides properties of logarithmic functions, including their domain and range. Examples are given of common logarithms, natural logarithms, and general logarithmic functions. The document also covers evaluating logarithmic expressions, sketching logarithmic graphs, finding inverses of functions, properties of logarithms, changing bases, and solving logarithmic equations.

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Lay Montenegro
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

1.5 Logarithmic Functions

The document defines logarithmic functions as the inverse of exponential functions. It provides properties of logarithmic functions, including their domain and range. Examples are given of common logarithms, natural logarithms, and general logarithmic functions. The document also covers evaluating logarithmic expressions, sketching logarithmic graphs, finding inverses of functions, properties of logarithms, changing bases, and solving logarithmic equations.

Uploaded by

Lay Montenegro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inverse Exponential Function

Definition 1.5.8
The logarithmic function with base b is the inverse of
the exponential function with base b, i.e. if b > 0, b ≠ 1,

Example 1.5.26
Properties of logarithmic functions
● Domain: (0, ∞)
● Range: R
● Vertical asymptote: x = 0
● The function is increasing when b > 1;
decreasing when 0 < b < 1.
● The function is one-to-one.

147
Common logarithm (b = 10)

0
148
Natural logarithm (b = e)

149
Example 1.5.26 Evaluate the following:

150
General Form of a Logarithmic Function

Domain: {x : P(x) > 0 }


Range: ℝ
Vertical asymptote: depends on the domain

151
Example 1.5.27 Sketch the graph of f if .
Solution:
The domain of f is (3,+∞).
The line x = 3 is a vertical
asymptote.

x 4 6
y 1 2
Example 1.5.28 Sketch the graph of g if .
.
Solution:

The domain of f is (-1,∞).


The line x = -1 is a
vertical asymptote.

x 0 3
y -2 -1

153
Example 1.5.29 Sketch the graph of h if .
Solution:

The domain of f is (-∞,1).


The line x = 1 is a vertical
asymptote.

x 0 -1
y 1 -1
Example 1.5.30 Find the inverse of f if .
Solution:

155
Example 1.5.31 Find the inverse of g if .
Solution:
Properties of logarithms

For all b such that b > 0, b ≠ 1 and for all p, q > 0,


Example 1.5.32 Express the following as a single logarithm.

Solution:
Example 1.5.33 Express the following as a single logarithm.

Solution:
Example 1.5.34 Express the following as a single logarithm.

Solution:
Example 1.5.34 Suppose .
Express in terms of c, d and e.
Solution:

🖐 : TRUE OR FALSE 161


Change of base
To change the base of a logarithm, we may use the
following property:

Example 1.5.35

162
Example 1.5.36 Find the solution set of .
Solution:
Example 1.5.37 Find the solution set of .
Solution:
Example 1.5.38 Find the solution set of .
Solution:

(no solution)

165
Example 1.5.39 Find the solution set of .
Solution:

166
Example 1.5.40 Find the solution set of

Solution:

167
Example 1.5.41 Find the solution set of

Solution:

168
169
Example 1.5.42 Find the solution set of
Solution:

170
171

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