WSNDK

Lab Manual v1.0

Prepared by

IoT Group

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)

Knowledge Park, Bangalore

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Document History

Revision History
Version Description Date
1.0 Initial Document

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Chapter 1
Introduction

Wi-Fi Mote Development Kit

WSNDK developed by CDAC has multitudinous features to explore different aspects
and develop different applications in the field of WSN. The kit comes with a set of
Wi-Fi sensor nodes with CC3200 SoC, compliant to IEEE 802.11 b/g/n named as
Wi-Fi Mote, along with sensor board called UbiSense, Ubi-DAC the data
acquisition card. The wifi mote can be connected to WINGZ, any web server
through existing Infrastructure network. The kit is a perfect platform to get hands-
on experience on microcontroller programming along with interfacing to different
sensors and acquiring data from the data acquisition card, with I/O expansion and
control capability. The kit also provides experimenting on TCP and related network
programming experiments.

Programming/ Application development tool chains

Programming
Environment Tool
method
Windows CCS UART / JTAG
CCS
Windows UART
UNIFLASH

Organization of the manual

The lists of possible experiments which can be developed with WSNDK are
categorized in different chapters and are organized as follows. Chapter 2 puts a
firm base on the microcontroller programming with Wi-Fi Mote. Chapter 3 sets up
Radio transmission and reception related experiments. The experiments related to
UbiSense interfacing with the mote are explained in chapter 4. Chapter 5 lists out
the experiments related to interfacing of Ubi-DAC. The WSN applications which can
be developed are the focus of chapter 6.

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Chapter 2
Microcontroller Programming

The Wi-Fi Mote provided in WSNDK can be incorporated for the list of experiments
mentioned in the chapter. For more details do refer to the user manual. Each
experiment aims at the development of an application.

Experiment 1:
Title: Glowing LEDs.

1.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how LEDs can be used in an application
development

1.2 Brief Theory

The LEDs are connected to the port pins PIN60, PIN61 and PIN62 of microcontroller
on the mote. Activate the LEDs accordingly. .

1.3 Result to be Observed

LED’s should be on.

Experiment 2:
Title: Toggling LED’s.

2.1. Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how LEDs can be used in application
development.

2.2. Brief Theory

The LEDs are connected to the port pins PIN60, PIN61 and PIN62 of microcontroller
on the mote. In this experiment toggle the LEDs continuously with certain software
delay between ON-OFF times.

2.3. Result to be Observed

LEDs should toggle continuously.

Experiment 3:
Title: Transmitting a string through UART.

3.1. Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how a UART can be used to display
data on Serial Port Terminal in an application development.

3.2. Brief Theory

Wi-Fi Mote to PC communication through UART is configured with UARTA0(PIN55 as
TX and PIN 57 as RX) microcontroller and baud rate is set as required

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This experiment writes a string into UART buffer character by character and
displays the same on to the Serial Port Terminal.

3.3. Result to be Observed

A String "Hello World" should print on HyperTerminal.

Experiment 4:
Title: Controlling LEDs blinking pattern through UART.

4.1. Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how LEDs blinking pattern can be
controlled through UART in an application development.

4.2. Brief Theory

The LEDs are connected to the port pins PIN60, PIN61 and PIN62 of microcontroller
on the mote. UART is configured for required baud rate. User can send commands
0, 1, 2, 3 through UART to observe different LED blinking patterns. .

4.3. Result to be Observed

Commands through UART Observation

0 LED’s are in ‘off’ state
1 LED’s are in ‘on’ state
2 LED’s are in ‘toggle’ state
3 LED’s toggle in different pattern

Experiment 5:
Title: Echo each character typed on HyperTerminal.

5.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how UART can be used to display data
on HyperTerminal and to get back the same data from HyperTerminal in an
application development.

5.2 Brief Theory

UART is configured with UARTA0 of the microcontroller and baud rate is set as
required. This experiment echoes each character printed on HyperTerminal.

5.3 Result to be Observed

A character typed on HyperTerminal should be echoed.

Experiment 6:
Title: Digital IO configuration.

6.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how a digital IO can be configured as
input or as output and used in an application development.

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6.2 Brief Theory

Digital IO’s can be configured either as input or as output to a microcontroller.
This experiment configures Pin connected to one of the user switch as an input
switch.

6.3 Result to be Observed

Perform some operation like toggling LED when switch is pressed.

Experiment 7:
Title: Timer based LED Toggle.

7.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how a timer can be configured and
used. This also helps to understand how an interrupt and interrupt vectors are
configured and used in an application development.

7.2 Brief Theory

In this experiment, the device main clock is configured for 80MHz and Timer A/
Timer B is configured for time input given by user in milli seconds. Timer fires
periodically at a given time interval, until it is stopped. Timer interrupt is enabled
and also set in free-running mode. The on-board LED is toggled to indicate that;
the timer is fired for given time interval.

7.3 Result to be Observed

On-board LED should toggle at given time interval.

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Chapter 3
RF Experiments

The RF experiments to be carried out require the prior knowledge of 802.11

standards. The Soc contains MAC and PHY layers of 802.11.Before starting the
experiments go through API Reference manual.

Experiment 1:
Title: Scanning the available SSID’s in the range of Wi-FI Mote.
1.1 Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how the Wi-Fi device will discover
nearby SSID to communicate with.

1.2 Brief Theory

This experiment involves only one Wi-Fi Mote. Device will scans the available Wi-Fi
Networks and displays the available SSID’s in the range on PC terminal.

1.3 Result to be Observed

Data received by the Mote i.e. number of SSID’s and name of the same on Serial
Port Terminal.

Experiment 2:
Title: Connect to the SSID of choice.

2.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand The Wi-Fi connection process. User has
to give required parameters like SSID, Security Type and the password (if required)
for the given SSID over UART.

2.2 Brief Theory

In order to connect to any access point you should know the SSID, Security Type
and if it’s not open i.e. having WPA/PSK, some other kind of security passphrase is
needed. Mote will try to connect to the given SSID with required parameters like
security type and password.

2.3 Result to be Observed

Mote should connect the given SSID and show the acquired IP address on Serial
Port Terminal.

Experiment 3:
Title: Demonstration of a peer to peer network topology.

3.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how a device can be configured in p2p
configuration in Wi-Fi and how they communicate each other.

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3.2 Brief Theory

This experiment involves two devices. One is a transmitter and another is an
receiver. transmitter transmits data over the air. receiver receives the data packet
transmitted by the End Device. Receiver parses the packet and prints the received
data on the serial port terminal. Radio for both devices is configured at required
channel and power level. The UARTA0 is used for UART with the required baud rate.

3.3 Result to be Observed

Received data should be printed on the serial port terminal by the receiver.

Experiment 4:
Title: check the connectivity to any device in the same network.

4.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how the Wi-Fi device searches the
device in the same network using ICMP protocol.

4.2 Brief Theory

When a Wireless device want to send some data to other device via access point its
better practice to first check the connectivity between transmitter and receiver,
whether receiver is reachable from transmitter or not. For that ping can be used.
Here Wi-Fi mote will try to ping the destination IP provided via serial port terminal
and displays the result on the same

4.3 Result to be Observed

Result of the ping response on serial port terminal, it should print the no of packets
send, number of packets received and no of packets loss.

Experiment 5:
Title: Send hello world to TCP server existing in the same network

5.1 Goal of the Experiment

The goal of this experiment is to send some data over Wi-Fi to desktop machine
running TCP Server which is in the same network.

5.2 Brief Theory

This experiment will set Wi-Fi Mote as a TCP Client which will first connect to the
existing network and then try to connect with the given TCP server. Once connected
it will send the data to The server which will show the data received on PC terminal.

5.3 Result to be Observed

On a PC running TCP server will show same data on console.

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Chapter 4
Experiments on interfacing with UbiSense

Wi-Fi Mote is provided with a 14-pin connector which allows for the direct plug-in of
UbiSense. It is a sensor board with temperature and relative humidity, light
intensity, barometric pressure, proximity sensing and buzzer. The sensors
communicate to the microcontroller through I2C protocol. I2CA0(PIN03 & PIN04) is
incorporated for I2C functionality from microcontroller viewpoint. The UARTA0 is
used for UART with the required baud rate. Buzzer requires a PWM control and can
be used for alarm generation.

Experiment 1:
Title: I2C protocol study
1.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how I2C protocol works with
temperature and relative humidity sensor as the I2C peripheral.

1.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. This has got Temperature and relative humidity
sensor on it. This sensor communicates with the microcontroller through I2C
protocol. A known value is written onto a register of the sensor and read back
according to I2C. This value is displayed on the HyperTerminal and cross verified
with the datasheet.

1.3. Result to be Observed

Register value should be displayed on the Serial Port Terminal.

Experiment 2:
Title: Reading Temperature and Relative Humidity value from the sensor.
2.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how temperature and relative humidity
values are read from the sensor on UbiSense in an application development.

2.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. It is provided with Temperature and relative
humidity sensor. This sensor communicates with the microcontroller through I2C
protocol. Measured temperature and humidity values are displayed on PC’s
HyperTerminal.

2.3. Result to be Observed

Temperature and Relative Humidity value should be displayed on the
HyperTerminal

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Experiment 3:
Title: Reading Light intensity value from light sensor.
3.1. Goal of the Experiment

The goal of the experiment is to understand how light intensity values are read
from the light sensor on UbiSense in an application development.

3.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. It is provided with light sensor. This sensor
communicates with the microcontroller through I2C protocol. Measured light
intensity values are displayed on PC’s HyperTerminal.

3.3. Result to be Observed

Light intensity value should be displayed on the HyperTerminal

Experiment 4:
Title: Reading of atmospheric pressure value from pressure sensor.
4.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how atmospheric pressure is measured
from the pressure sensor on UbiSense in an application development.

4.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. It is provided with pressure sensor. This sensor
communicates with the microcontroller through I2C protocol. Measured atmospheric
pressure is displayed on PC’s HyperTerminal.

4.3. Result to be observed

Atmospheric pressure should be displayed on the HyperTerminal

Experiment 5:
Title: Proximity detection with IR LED.
5.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how to measure the distance of the
object from the sensor board using proximity sensor in combination with IR LED
available on UbiSense in an application development.

5.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. It is provided with proximity detector along
with IR LED. The proximity detector communicates with the microcontroller through
I2C protocol. Measured atmospheric pressure is displayed on PC’s HyperTerminal.

5.3. Result to be observed

Distance of the object measured should be displayed on the HyperTerminal.

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Experiment 6:
Title: Generation of alarm through Buzzer.
6.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the working of Buzzer on UbiSense in
an application development.

6.2. Brief Theory

UbiSense is connected to the mote. It is provided with Buzzer to generate alarm
sound. The Buzzer is controlled by a PWM signal >4 kHz generated through the
microcontroller.

6.3. Result to be observed

Buzzing sound should be heard.

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Chapter 5
Experiments on interfacing with Ubi-DAC
Wi-Fi Mote is provided with a 14-pin connector to which Ubi-DAC is directly
connected. It is a data acquisition card, with I/O expansion and control capability.
The devices are 12-channel ADC, RTC, Flash which communicates to the
microcontroller through I2C protocol. Relay for ON-OFF control. IO expander can
be used to increase the Digital IO capability of MCU.

Experiment 1:
Title: Timestamp with RTC
1.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the functionality of RTC application
development.

1.2. Brief Theory

RTC is meant for Real Time Clock for Time Stamping the events. The experiment
can read Time from RTC and display on UART with appropriate time stamps. Make
use of Interrupt capability of RTC.

1.3. Result to be Observed

Observe different time stamps possible by RTC.

Experiment 2:
Title: IO Expander.
2.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the functionality of IO Expansion
capability.

2.2. Brief Theory

IO Expander is used to increase the digital IO capability of MCU. The IO Expander is
controlled and commanded with two-wire serial protocol.

2.3. Result to be Observed

Command different controls and IOs and observe the enabling the IOs.

Experiment 3:
Title: Relay control.
3.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the functionality of Relay capability.

3.2. Brief Theory

Relay provided is an Opt Isolator. Use appropriate IO of MCU for controlling the
Relay. Two Relays are available on Ubi-DAC.

3.3. Result to be Observed

Observe the Controlling of High drive devices like Motor.

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Experiment 4:
Title: I2C based 12-channel ADC
4.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the working functionality of I2C based
ADC.

4.2. Brief Theory

ADC could be controlled through two-wire serial protocol. Different combinations of
sampling with wide sampling rates are possible. Connect an analog signal and
check for sampling and conversion.

4.3. Result to be Observed

Read the converted analog channel

Experiment 5:
Title: EEPROM read and write
5.1. Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand the working functionality of I2C based
flash for read and write operations

5.2. Brief Theory

EEPROM is used to store the data. The EEPROM is two-wire compatible and could be
accessed through Mote connected.

5.3. Result to be Observed

 Write and read the values to and from different locations.
 Write the data read from sensors and store in Memory.

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Chapter 6
Networking Applications
Wi-Fi mote can be used to setup and test different wireless sensor network
applications. Wi-Fi motes can be configured into different network device types like
access point, End Device and can be used to test and develop different application
and routing protocols. The access point device acts as a data aggregator or range
extender, the End Device acts as the data collector..

Experiment 1:
Title: Transmitting the measured physical value from the UbiSense Over
the Air.
1.1 Goal of the Experiment
The goal of the experiment is to understand how to measure a physical parameter
on UbiSense and transmit over the air in an application development. The physical
parameter measured can be temperature and relative humidity, light intensity,
atmospheric pressure or object distance by proximity detector.

1.2 Brief Theory

This experiment involves two motes and UbiSense. One is a transmitter to which
UbiSense is connected and another is the receiver. Transmitter reads the physical
parameter value from UbiSense connected to the device and transmits over the air.
Receiver receives the data packet which includes the measured physical parameter
transmitted by the transmitter. Receiver parses the packet and prints the physical
parameter value on HyperTerminal. Radio is configured for the required channel
and power level for both motes.

1.3 Result to be observed

Measured physical parameter and RSSI value received by the receiver device
should be printed on HyperTerminal.

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