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PARAFRASEO

The document discusses 5 types of sensory receptors: 1. Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals like taste molecules. 2. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical forces like pressure and touch. 3. Nociceptors respond to painful stimuli like extreme temperatures. 4. Photoreceptors respond to light in the eyes. 5. Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes. Simple receptors consist of nerve endings while complex receptors are associated with special senses. All receptors adapt to prolonged stimulation by decreasing sensitivity over time.

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6 views

PARAFRASEO

The document discusses 5 types of sensory receptors: 1. Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals like taste molecules. 2. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical forces like pressure and touch. 3. Nociceptors respond to painful stimuli like extreme temperatures. 4. Photoreceptors respond to light in the eyes. 5. Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes. Simple receptors consist of nerve endings while complex receptors are associated with special senses. All receptors adapt to prolonged stimulation by decreasing sensitivity over time.

Uploaded by

Allegro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENSORY RECEPTIONISM

SENSORY RECEPTIONISM

Sensory receptors have specific functions which respond to environmental


changes in stimuli. There are 5 types of sensory receptors:
1- chemoreceptors respond to chemicals in solution such as taste molecules.
2- mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical forces, others pressure and
touch.
3- nociceptors respond to noxious stimuli that cause pain, including extreme
cold or heat, excessive pressure and inflammatory chemicals.
4- Photoreceptors respond to light, including the retinal receptors in the eye.
5- thermoreceptors respond to changes in temperature.

Simple receptors consist of simple nerve endings and encapsulated endings and
are associated with general senses: complex receptors are associated with special
senses, sensory receptors respond to stimuli by producing a receptor or
generative potential, adaptation is a decrease in sensitivity during prolonged
stimulation. Receptors can adapt quickly or slowly.

TASTE AND OLFACTION


TASTE AND OLFACTION

Olfactory receptors are the dendritic endings of the primary olfactory cranial
nerve in affiliation with supporting epithelial cells. This zone of the brain is
portion of the limbic framework and plays a vital part in producing feelings and
memory. Olfactory receptors are located at the top of each nasal cavity. Sniffing
facilitates the entry of more air into the olfactory mucosa. The olfactory
pathways are closely linked to the limbic system; odors stimulate memories and
elicit emotional responses. Taste cells are found in the taste buds, mainly on the
tongue. The five main taste sensations are sweet, salty, citrus, bitter, and umami.
The taste and appreciation of food are influenced by the sense of smell, as well as
by the temperature and texture of the food.
VESTICULAR APPARATUS AND
VESTICULAR APPARATUS AND

EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM

The vestibular apparatus is a sensory device located in the inner ear that helps the
body maintain postural balance, it is also important in coordinating head position
and eye movements. In the inner ear the receptors of the vestibule (maculae) are
receptors of static balance, which respond to the force of gravity and inform
about the position of the head. Visual and proprioceptor inputs are also required
for normal balance, Hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti (the ear receptor in the
cochlea) become They are stimulated by sound vibrations transmitted through the
air, membranes, bones and fluids. Symptoms of problems with the balance
apparatus include involuntary rolling of the eyes, nausea, vertigo, and inability to
stand upright.

THE EARS AND HEARING


THE EARS AND HEARING

The ears are paired organs located on either side of your head that help with
hearing and balance. There are several conditions that can affect the ears,
including infection, tinnitus, Meniere's disease, Eustachian tube dysfunction and
more. Proper care of the ears helps to keep them healthy.
The ear is divided into three main zones,

a. The external auditory structures are the pinnae, the external acoustic
meatus, and the tympanic membrane. Sound entering the external acoustic
meatus causes the eardrum to vibrate. These structures influence only the
transmission of sound.
b. The structures of the middle ear are the ossicles and the pharyngotympanic
tube of the tympanic cavity. The auditory ossicles transmit vibratory
motion from the eardrum to the oval window. The pharyngotympanic tube
allows pressure to equalize on both sides of the eardrum. These structures
influence only the transmission of sound.
c. The inner ear is formed by two bony chambers (the cochlea, the vestibule,
and the semicircular canals) in the temporal bone. The balance receptors
are found in the membranous sacs of the vestibule and semicircular canals.
Auditory receptors are found in the membranes of the cochlea.

EYES AND VISION


EYES AND VISION

The eye does many things to help us see, but the most important to me are: the
external eye muscles direct the eyes to follow moving objects and due to
alignment the lacrimal apparatus also has a series of ducts and lacrimal glands
that produce a saline solution that washes and lubricates the eyeball, the eyelids
protect the eyes when you know for example that your eyes hurt, this that saline
solution helps us protect the eyes from any damage, another thing that bothers
and is related to the eyelashes, we find the ciliary and tarsal glands (which
produce an oily secretion that helps keep the eyes lubricated. eyelashes) the other
thing is the Tunic conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that covers the front of the
eyeball and surrounds the eyelids produces lubricating mucus.

It’s really interesting to know how vision works so one of the basic functions it’s
to know how light passes through the eye and that is through the lens, the lens is
the main light-bending (refracting) structure of the eye. The path of light through
the eye is: cornea > aqueous humor -> (through the pupil) -> aqueous humor lens
-> vitreous humor > retina
INSTITUTO ESPECIALIZADO DE EDUCACIÓN
SUPERIOR
“EL ESPÍRITU SANTO”

English teaching language


Subject
Introduction to the linguistic

Teacher

Lic. Carlos Alfredo Landaverde

Student’s name
Luis Eduardo Sigaran Hernández.

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