CE 152

Structural Theory II
Chapter 5
Slope-Deflection Method
5.1. Slope-Deflection Equations
5.1.1. Fixed-End Moments
5.2. Analysis of Continuous Beams
5.2.1. Procedure for Analysis
5.2.2. Illustrative Problem 5-1
5.2.3. Illustrative Problem 5-2
5.2.4. Illustrative Problem 5-3
5.2.5. Illustrative Problem 5-4
5.2.6. Illustrative Problem 5-5
5.2.7. Illustrative Problem 5-6
5.3. Analysis of Frames Without Sidesway
5.3.1. Illustrative Problem 5-7
5.3.2. Illustrative Problem 5-8
5.4. Analysis of Frames With Sidesway
5.4.1. Illustrative Problem 5-9
5.4.2. Illustrative Problem 5-10
5.5. Review Exercises

After careful study of this chapter, students should be able to do the following:
1. Explain the basic concept behind the Slope-Deflection Method
2. Analyze continuous beams.
3. Analyze frames without sidesway
4. Analyze frames with sidesway.

Force Method vs Displacement Method

§ in force (flexibility) method, the unknown redundant forces are determined first by solving the
structure’s compatibility equations; then the other response characteristics of the structure are
evaluated by equilibrium equations or superposition
§ in displacement (stiffness) method, the unknown displacements are determined first by solving
the structure’s equilibrium equations; then the other response characteristics are evaluated
through compatibility considerations and member-force deformation relations

Slope-Deflection Method
Ø a displacement method used in the analysis of indeterminate beams and frames introduced by
George A. Maney in 1915
Ø takes into account only the bending deformations of structures
Ø provides a valuable introduction to the matrix stiffness method, which forms the basis of most
computer software currently used for structural analysis

5.1 Slope-Deflection Equations

“The slope-deflection equations relate the moments at the ends of a member to the rotations and
displacements of its ends and the external loads applied to the member.”

Ø to derive the slope-deflection equations, consider an arbitrary member 𝐴𝐵 of the continuous

beam subjected to external loads and settlements as shown

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Structural Theory II

FBD and elastic curve of member 𝐴𝐵:

Note:
𝑀$% = 𝑀$$% = moment at 𝐴 of member 𝐴𝐵
𝑀%$ = 𝑀%$% = moment at 𝐵 of member 𝐴𝐵
𝜃$ = rotation of end 𝐴 of the member with respect to the undeformed (horizontal) position
of the member
𝜃% = rotation of end 𝐵 of the member with respect to the undeformed (horizontal) position
of the member
∆ = relative translation between the two ends of the member in the direction
perpendicular to the undeformed axis of the member
𝜓 = (psi) the rotation of the member’s chord (i.e., the straight line connecting the
deformed positions of the member ends) due to the relative translation ∆

§ since the deformations are assumed to be small,

Δ
𝜓=
𝐿

§ sign convention for slope-deflection method:

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Structural Theory II
“The member end moments, end rotations, and chord rotation are positive when
counterclockwise.”

Applying the second moment-area theorem

ð let 𝑔% and 𝑔$ be the moments about 𝐵 and 𝐴, respectively, of the area under the simple-
beam bending moment diagram due to the external loading
ð tangential deviations are considered positive if in the direction of the tangential deviation in
the original elastic curve

%
𝑀 1 1 2 1 1
∆%$ = . / 2 𝑥̅% 𝑑𝑥 = 7 𝑀$% 𝐿 / 𝐿2 − 𝑀%$ 𝐿 / 𝐿2 − 𝑔% ;
$ 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2 3 2 3
< <
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔%
= − −
3𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
%
𝑀 1 1 1 1 2
∆$% = . / 2 𝑥̅$ 𝑑𝑥 = 7− 𝑀$% 𝐿 / 𝐿2 − 𝑀%$ 𝐿 / 𝐿2 + 𝑔$ ;
$ 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2 3 2 3
< <
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔$
=− + +
6𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

From the elastic curve (for small angles)

∆%$ + ∆ ∆%$
𝜃$ = = +𝜓
𝐿 𝐿
𝑀$% 𝐿< 𝑀%$ 𝐿< 𝑔%
∆%$ − 6𝐸𝐼 − 𝐸𝐼 𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔%
𝜃$ − 𝜓 = = 3𝐸𝐼 = − −
𝐿 𝐿 3𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿

∆$% + ∆ ∆$%
𝜃% = = +𝜓
𝐿 𝐿
𝑀$% 𝐿< 𝑀%$ 𝐿< 𝑔$
−
𝜃% − 𝜓 =
∆$%
= 6𝐸𝐼 + 3𝐸𝐼 + 𝐸𝐼 = − 𝑀$% 𝐿 + 𝑀%$ 𝐿 + 𝑔$
𝐿 𝐿 6𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿

Solving the following equations simultaneously

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Structural Theory II
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔%
𝜃$ − 𝜓 = − −
3𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔$
𝜃% − 𝜓 = − + +
6𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿

eliminating 𝑀%$ :
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔%
7𝜃$ − 𝜓 = − − ;2
3𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔$
+ 7𝜃% − 𝜓 = − + + ;
6𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿
________________________________
𝑀$% 𝐿 2𝑔% 𝑔$
2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓 = − +
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿

𝑀$% 𝐿 2𝑔% 𝑔$
= 2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓 + −
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2𝑔% 𝑔$
𝑀$% = /2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓 + − 2
𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓) + < (2𝑔% − 𝑔$ )
𝐿 𝐿

eliminating 𝑀$% :
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔%
7𝜃$ − 𝜓 = − − ;
3𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿
𝑀$% 𝐿 𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔$
+ 7𝜃% − 𝜓 = − + + ;2
6𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿
________________________________
𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔% 2𝑔$
𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓 = − +
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿

𝑀%$ 𝐿 𝑔% 2𝑔$
= 𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓 + −
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 𝑔% 2𝑔$
𝑀%$ = /𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓 + − 2
𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿 𝐸𝐼𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2
𝑀%$ = (𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓) + < (𝑔% − 2𝑔$ )
𝐿 𝐿

§ the moments that would develop at the ends of a fixed beam are referred to as fixed-end
moments, and their expressions can be obtained by setting 𝜃$ = 𝜃% = 𝜓 = 0 to the following
equations:
2𝐸𝐼 2
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓) + < (2𝑔% − 𝑔$)
𝐿 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2
𝑀%$ = (𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓) + < (𝑔% − 2𝑔$ )
𝐿 𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = 𝑀$% = [2(0) + 0 − 3(0)] + < (2𝑔% − 𝑔$)
𝐿 𝐿
2
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = < (2𝑔% − 𝑔$)
𝐿

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Structural Theory II
2𝐸𝐼 2
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = 𝑀%$ = [0 + 2(0) − 3(0)] + < (𝑔% − 2𝑔$ )
𝐿 𝐿
2
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = < (𝑔% − 2𝑔$ )
𝐿

§ the slope-deflection equations

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$%
𝐿
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%$ = (𝜃$ + 2𝜃% − 3𝜓) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$
𝐿

§ the general form of the slope-deflection equations

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿
ð in which the subscript 𝑛 refers to the near end of the member where the
moment 𝑀EF acts and the subscript 𝑓 identifies the far (other) end of the
member

5.1.1 Fixed-End Moments

Example. Determine the fixed-end moments for the beam and loading shown.

2
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = (2𝑔% − 𝑔$)
𝐿<
2
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = < (𝑔% − 2𝑔$ )
𝐿

Shear and Bending Moment Diagram (simply supported beam):

𝑔$ = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎Z[\]E^ _`abca\ × 𝑥̅$

1 𝑃𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝐿N
𝑔$ = (𝐿) / 2 / 2 =
2 4 2 16

𝑔% = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎Z[\]E^ _`abca\ × 𝑥̅%

1 𝑃𝐿 𝐿 𝑃𝐿N
( )
𝑔% = 𝐿 / 2 / 2 =
2 4 2 16

2 𝑃𝐿N 𝑃𝐿N 2 𝑃𝐿N 𝑷𝑳 𝑷𝑳

𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = < K2 L O− P= <L O= or ↺
𝐿 16 16 𝐿 16 𝟖 𝟖

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Structural Theory II

2 𝑃𝐿N 𝑃𝐿N 2 𝑃𝐿N 𝑷𝑳 𝑷𝑳

𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = <
K − 2 L OP = <
L− O=− or ↻
𝐿 16 16 𝐿 16 𝟖 𝟖

5.2 Analysis of Continuous Beams

5.2.1 Procedure for Analysis
1. Identify the degrees of freedom of the structure. For continuous beams, the degrees of freedom
consist of the unknown rotations of the joints.
2. Compute fixed-end moments. The counterclockwise fixed-end moments are considered to be
positive.
3. In the case of support settlements, determine the rotations of the chords of members adjacent
to the supports that settle by dividing the relative translation between the two ends of the
member by the member length (𝜓 = Δ⁄𝐿). The chord rotations are measured from the

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undeformed (horizontal) positions of members, with counterclockwise rotations considered as
positive.
4. Write slope-deflection equations. These are equations relating member end moments to the
unknown rotations of the adjacent joints.
5. Write equilibrium equations. For each joint that is free to rotate, write a moment equilibrium
equation, ∑ 𝑀 = 0, in terms of the moments at the member ends connected to the joint. The
total number of such equilibrium equations must be equal to the number of degrees of freedom
of the structure.
6. Determine the unknown joint rotations. Substitute the slope-deflection equations into the
equilibrium equations, and solve the resulting system of equations for the unknown joint
rotations.
7. Calculate member end moments by substituting the numerical values of joint rotations
determined in step 6 into the slope-deflection equations. A positive answer for an end moment
indicates that its sense is counterclockwise, whereas a negative answer for an end moment
implies a clockwise sense.
8. To check whether or not the solution of simultaneous equations was carried out correctly in step
6, substitute the numerical values of member end moments into the joint equilibrium equations
developed in step 5. If the solution is correct, then the equilibrium equations should be satisfied.
9. Compute the member end shears. For each member, (a) draw a free-body diagram showing the
external loads and end moments and (b) apply the equations of equilibrium to calculate the shear
forces at the ends of the member.
10. Determine support reactions by considering the equilibrium of the joints of the structure.
11. To check the calculations of member end shears and support reactions, apply the equations of
equilibrium to the free body of the entire structure. If the calculations have been carried out
correctly, then the equilibrium equations should be satisfied.
12. Draw shear and bending moment diagrams of the structure by using the beam sign convention.

5.2.2 Illustrative Problem 5-1

Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the two-span continuous
beam shown by the slope-deflection method.

Solution:
Ø FBD of the beam (with expected elastic curve)

Ø Degrees of Freedom
1 degree of freedom (𝜃% )

Ø Fixed-End Moments

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𝑃𝑎𝑏< 90(2)(3)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = = = +64.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿< 5<
𝑃𝑎< 𝑏 90(2)< (3)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ =− < =− = −43.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 5<
𝑤𝐿< 50(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = = = +150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 50(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q% =− =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Ø Chord Rotations
since there is no support settlement, 𝜓$% = 𝜓%q = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = [2(0) + 𝜃% − 3(0)] + 64.8
𝐿$% 5
= 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 64.8

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = [2𝜃% + 2(0) − 3(0)] − 43.2
𝐿$% 5
= 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 43.2

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%q = (2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = [2𝜃% + 0 − 3(0)] + 150
𝐿%q 5
= 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 150

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q% = (2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = [2(0) + 𝜃% − 3(0)] − 150
𝐿%q 5
= 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 150

Ø Equilibrium Equation (at joint 𝐵)

€ 𝑀% = 0
𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0

Ø Solving for joint rotation

𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0: (0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 43.2) + (0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 150) = 0
𝐸𝐼𝜃% = −72.65 𝑘𝑁𝑚<

Ø Member End Moments

𝑀$% = 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 64.8 = 0.4(−72.65) + 84.8 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀%$ = 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 43.2 = 0.8(−72.65) − 43.2 = −101.32 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
𝑀%q = 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 150 = 0.67(−72.65) + 150 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀q% = 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 150 = 0.33(−72.65) − 150 = −173.97 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟕𝟑. 𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻

Ø Member End Shears

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For Segment 𝐴𝐵:

+↺ € 𝑀$ = 0
35.74 − 101.32 − 𝑆%$ (5) − 90(2) = 0
𝑆%$ = −49.116 𝑘𝑁 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ↑

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝑆$% − 90 + 49.116 = 0
𝑆$% = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ↑

For Segment 𝐵𝐶: +↺ € 𝑀% = 0

101.32 − 173.97 + 𝑆q% (6) − 50(6)(3) = 0
𝑆q% = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝑆%q − 50(6) + 162.108 = 0
𝑆%q = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟖𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ↑

Ø Support Reactions

At Joint 𝐴:
+↺ € 𝑀$ = 0
𝑀$ − 35.74 = 0
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐴… − 40.884 = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

At Joint 𝐵:

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐵… − 49.116 − 137.892 = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

At Joint 𝐶:
+↻ € 𝑀q = 0
𝑀q − 173.97 = 0
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕𝟑. 𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐶… − 162.108 = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

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Ø Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams

value of 𝑥:

by ratio and proportion,

𝑥 6−𝑥
=
137.892 162.108
𝑥 = 2.76 𝑚

5.2.3 Illustrative Problem 5-2

Determine the reactions for the three-span continuous beam shown by the slope-deflection method.

Solution:
Ø Degrees of Freedom
By inspection, the beam can rotate at joints 𝐵 and 𝐶, therefore, it has 2 degrees of freedom (𝜃%
and 𝜃q )

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = = = 32.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
30 30
𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = − =− = −48.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
20 20
𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = = = 81 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = − =− = −81 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

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𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = = = 48.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
20 20
𝑤𝐿< 27(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀_q =− =− = −32.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
30 30

Ø Chord Rotations
since there is no support settlement, 𝜓$% = 𝜓%q = 𝜓q_ = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = [2(0) + 𝜃% − 3(0)] + 32.4
𝐿$% 6
= 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 32.4

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = [2𝜃% + 2(0) − 3(0)] − 48.6
𝐿$% 6
= 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 48.6

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%q = (2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = [2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3(0)] + 81
𝐿%q 6
= 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 81

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q% = (2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = [2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3(0)] − 81
𝐿%q 6
= 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 81

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = [2𝜃q + 0 − 3(0)] + 48.6
𝐿q_ 6
= 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 48.6

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = [2(0) + 𝜃q − 3(0)] − 32.4
𝐿q_ 6
= 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 32.4

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐵: 𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0

Ø solving for joint rotations

𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0: (0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 48.6) + (0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 81) = 0
1.34𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃q = −32.4 (equation 1)

𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0: (0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 81) + (0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 48.6) = 0

0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 1.34𝐸𝐼𝜃q = 32.4 (equation 2)

Solving equations 1 and simultaneously,

𝐸𝐼𝜃% = −32.08 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃q = 32.08 𝑘𝑁𝑚<

Ø Member End Moments

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𝑀$% = 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 32.4 = 0.33(−32.08) + 32.4 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀%$ = 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 48.6 = 0.67(−32.08) − 48.6 = −70.09 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
𝑀%q = 0.67(−32.08) + 0.33(32.08) + 81 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀q% = 0.33𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 81 = 0.33(−32.08) + 0.67(32.08) − 81 = −70.09 𝑘𝑁𝑚
= 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
𝑀q_ = 0.67𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 48.6 = 0.67(32.08) + 48.6 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀_q = 0.33(32.08) − 32.4 = −21.81 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻

Ø Member End Shears

For segment 𝐴𝐵:

+↺ € 𝑀$ = 0
1 2
21.81 − 70.09 + 𝑆%$ (6) − (27)(6) / 2 (6) = 0
2 3
𝑆%$ = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
1
𝑆$% + 62.05 − (27)(6) = 0
2
𝑆$% = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑

For segment 𝐵𝐶:

+↺ € 𝑀% = 0
70.09 − 70.09 + 𝑆q% (6) − 27(6)(3) = 0
𝑆q% = 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵 ↑

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝑆%q + 81 − 27(6) = 0
𝑆%q = 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵 ↑

For segment 𝐶𝐷: +↺ € 𝑀q = 0

1 1
70.09 − 21.81 + 𝑆_q (6) − (27)(6) / 2 (6) = 0
2 3
𝑆_q = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
1
𝑆q_ + 18.95 − (27)(6) = 0
2
𝑆q_ = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑

Ø Support Reactions +↺ € 𝑀$ = 0
At joint 𝐴: 𝑀$ − 21.81 = 0
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐴… − 18.95 = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

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At joint 𝐵:

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐵… − 62.05 − 81 = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

At joint 𝐶:
+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐶… − 62.05 − 81 = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

At joint 𝐷:
+↺ € 𝑀_ = 0
21.81 − 𝑀_ = 0
𝑴𝑫 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐷… − 18.95 = 0
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.2.4 Illustrative Problem 5-3

Determine the member end moments and reactions for the continuous beam shown by the slope
deflection method.

Solution:
Ø Degrees of Freedom
The beam is free to rotate at joints 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐷, therefore it has 3 degrees of freedom (𝜃$ , 𝜃% ,
and 𝜃_ )

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑤𝐿< 15(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = = = 125 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

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𝑤𝐿< 15(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = − =− = −125 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 𝑃𝐿 15(10)< 60(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = + = + = 200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 8 12 8
𝑤𝐿< 𝑃𝐿 15(10)< 60(10)
𝐹𝐸𝑀_% =− − =− − = −200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 8 12 8

Ø Chord Rotations
since there is no support settlement, 𝜓$% = 𝜓%_ = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = [2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3(0)] + 125
𝐿$% 10
= 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 125

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = [2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3(0)] − 125
𝐿$% 10
= 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 125

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = [2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3(0)] + 200
𝐿%_ 10
= 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ + 200

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = [2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3(0)] − 200
𝐿%_ 10
= 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃_ − 200

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐴: 𝑀$% = 0
at joint 𝐵: 𝑀%$ + 𝑀%_ = 0
at joint 𝐷: 𝑀_% = 0

Ø solving for joint rotations

𝑀%$ = 0: 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 125 = 0
0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃% = −125 (equation 1)

𝑀%$ + 𝑀%_ = 0: (0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 125) + (0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ + 200) = 0

0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 1.2𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = −75 (equation 2)

𝑀_% = 0: 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃_ − 200 = 0

0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = 200 (equation 3)

Solving the 3 equations simultaneously,

𝐸𝐼𝜃$ = −250 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃% = −125 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = 312.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚<

Ø Member End Moments

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𝑀$% = 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 125 = 0.4(−250) + 0.2(−125) + 125 = 𝟎
𝑀%$ = 0.2𝐸𝐼𝜃$ + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% − 125 = 0.2(−250) + 0.4(−125) − 125 = −225 𝑘𝑁𝑚
= 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
𝑀%_ = 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ + 200 = 0.8(−125) + 0.4(312.5) + 200 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
𝑀_% = 0.4𝐸𝐼𝜃% + 0.8𝐸𝐼𝜃_ − 200 = 0.4(−125) + 0.8(312.5) − 200 = 𝟎

Ø Support Reactions

For Segment 𝐴𝐵:

+↻ € 𝑀% = 0
225 + 𝐴… (10) − 15(10)(5) = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+↺ € 𝑀_ = 0
15(20)(10) + 60(5) − 52.5(20) − 𝐵… (10) = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐷… + 225 + 52.5 − 15(20) − 60 = 0
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.2.5 Illustrative Problem 5-4

Determine the member end moments and reactions for the continuous beam shown by the slope-
deflection method.

Solution:
Ø Degrees of Freedom
There are 2 degrees of freedom, 𝜃% and 𝜃q

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Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = 0 (since no load is applied in 𝐴𝐵)
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = 0 (since no load is applied in 𝐴𝐵)
𝑤𝐿< 10(9)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = = = 67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 10(9)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = − =− = −67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Ø Chord Rotations
since there is no support settlement, 𝜓$% = 𝜓%q = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼𝜃%

𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = [2(0) + 𝜃% − 3(0)] + 0 =
𝐿$% 6 3

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼𝜃%

𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = [2𝜃% + 0 − 3(0)] + 0 =
𝐿$% 6 3

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼𝜃% 2𝐸𝐼𝜃q

𝑀%q = (2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = [2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3(0)] + 67.5 = + + 67.5
𝐿%q 9 9 9

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼𝜃% 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q

𝑀q% = (2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = [2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3(0)] − 67.5 = + − 67.5
𝐿%q 9 9 9

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐵: 𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0

consider segment 𝐶𝐷:

+↻ € 𝑀q = 0
30(4) − 𝑀q_ = 0
𝑀q_ = 120 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺ = +𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎

therefore,
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q% + 120 = 0

Ø solving for joint rotations

2𝐸𝐼𝜃% 4𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 2𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶

𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0: / 2+/ + + 67.52 = 0
3 9 9
•Ž <
𝐸𝐼𝜃% + • 𝐸𝐼𝜃q = −67.5 (equation 1)
•

2𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 4𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶
𝑀q% + 120 = 0: / + − 67.52 + 120 = 0
9 9

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<•‘’“ ”•‘’•
+ = −52.5 (equation 2)
• •

Solving the 2 equations simultaneously,

𝐸𝐼𝜃% = −41.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃q = −97.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚<

Ø Member End Moments

𝐸𝐼𝜃% −41.25
𝑀$% = = = −13.75 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3 3
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

2𝐸𝐼𝜃% 2(−41.25)
𝑀%$ = = = −27.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3 3
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

4𝐸𝐼𝜃% 2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4(−41.25) 2(−97.5)

𝑀%q = + + 67.5 = + + 67.5
9 9 9 9
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

2𝐸𝐼𝜃% 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2(−41.25) 4(−97.5)

𝑀q% = + − 67.5 = + − 67.5 = −120 𝑘𝑁𝑚
9 9 9 9
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

Ø Member End Shears and Support Reactions

For Segment 𝐴𝐵:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↻ € 𝑀% = 0
13.75 + 27.5 + 𝐴… (6) = 0
𝐴… = −6.875 𝑘𝑁
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+↺ € 𝑀% = 0
𝐶… (9) + 6.875(6) − 13.75 − 30(13) − 10(9)(4.5) = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

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+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐵… + 85.28 − 6.875 − 30 − 10(9) = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.2.6 Illustrative Problem 5-5

Determine the reactions for the continuous beam shown due to a settlement of 20 𝑚𝑚 at support 𝐵.
Use the slope-deflection method.

Solution:

Ø Degrees of Freedom
There are 2 degrees of freedom, 𝜃% and 𝜃q

Ø Fixed-End Moments
since there are no external loads, all fixed-end moments for the 3 segments is zero

Ø Deflected Shape and Chord Rotations

20 1
𝜓$% = − =−
8000 400
20 1
𝜓%q = =
8000 400
𝜓q_ = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1
𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = 72(0) + 𝜃% − 3 /− 2; + 0
𝐿$% 8 400
𝜃% 3
= 𝐸𝐼 / + 2
4 1600

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1
𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = 72𝜃% + 0 − 3 /− 2; + 0
𝐿$% 8 400
𝜃% 3
= 𝐸𝐼 / + 2
2 1600

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2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1
𝑀%q = (2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = 72𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3 / 2; + 0
𝐿%q 8 400
𝜃% 𝜃q 3
= 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2
2 4 1600

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1
𝑀q% = (2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = 72𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3 / 2; + 0
𝐿%q 8 400
𝜃% 𝜃q 3
= 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2
4 2 1600

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = [2𝜃q + 0 − 3(0)] + 0
𝐿q_ 8
𝐸𝐼𝜃q
=
2

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = [2(0) + 𝜃q − 3(0)] + 0
𝐿q_ 8
𝐸𝐼𝜃q
=
4

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐵: 𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0

Ø solving for joint rotations

𝜃% 3 𝜃% 𝜃q 3
𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0: 𝐸𝐼 / + 2 + 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2=0
2 1600 2 4 1600
’
𝜃% + ”• = 0 (equation 1)

𝜃% 𝜃q 3 𝜃q
𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0: 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2 + 𝐸𝐼 / 2 = 0
4 2 1600 2
’“ N
+ 𝜃q = •—ŽŽ (equation 2)
”

Solving equations 1 and 2 simultaneously,

𝜃% = − 1⁄2000 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃q = 1/500 𝑟𝑎𝑑

Ø Member End Moments

”
— < )( — ”) /
1𝑚
𝐸𝐼 = (70 × 10 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚 800 × 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 56,000 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
1000 𝑚𝑚

1
𝜃% 3 − 2000 3
𝑀$% = 𝐸𝐼 / + 2 = 56,000 š + › = 𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
4 1600 4 1600
1
𝜃% 3 − 2000 3
𝑀%$ = 𝐸𝐼 / + 2 = 56,000 š + › = 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
2 1600 2 1600
1 1
𝜃% 𝜃q 3 − 500 3
𝑀%q = 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2 = 56,000 š 2000 + − › = −91 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
2 4 1600 2 4 1600

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1 1
𝜃% 𝜃q 3 − 3
𝑀q% = 𝐸𝐼 / + − 2 = 56,000 š 2000 + 500 − › = −56 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻
4 2 1600 4 2 1600
1
𝐸𝐼𝜃q 56,000 œ500•
𝑀q_ = = = 𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
2 2
1
𝐸𝐼𝜃q 56,000 œ500•
𝑀_q = = = 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺
4 4

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐵:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟗𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ € 𝑀% = 0
91 + 98 − 𝐴… (8) = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider Segment 𝐶𝐷:

𝑴𝑫 = 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ € 𝑀q = 0
56 + 28 − 𝐷… (8) = 0
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+↺ € 𝑀% = 0
98 − 23.625(8) + 28 − 10.5(16) + 𝐶… (8) = 0
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐵… + 23.625 + 28.875 − 10.5 = 0
𝐵… = −42 𝑘𝑁
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

20 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II
5.2.7 Illustrative Problem 5-6
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the three-span continuous beam shown due to
the uniformly distributed load and due to the support settlements of 15 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐵, 36 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶, and
18 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐷. Use the slope-deflection method.

Solution:

Ø Degrees of Freedom
There are 4 degrees of freedom, 𝜃$ , 𝜃% , 𝜃q , and 𝜃_

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = = = 200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = − =− = − 200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = = = 200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = − =− = −200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = = = 200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 32(5)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = − =− = − 200⁄3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Ø Deflected Shape and Chord Rotations

15 3
𝜓$% = − =−
5000 1000
36 − 15 21
𝜓%q =− =−
5000 5000
36 − 18 9
𝜓q_ = =
5000 2500

21 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿
”
1𝑚
𝐸𝐼 = (200 × 10— 𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚< )(1705 × 10— 𝑚𝑚” ) / 2 = 341,000 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
1000 𝑚𝑚

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 3 200

𝑀$% = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$% = 72𝜃$ + 𝜃% − 3 /− 2; +
𝐿$% 5 1000 3
19,414
= 272,800𝜃$ + 136,400𝜃% +
15

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 3 200

𝑀%$ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$% ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%$ = 72𝜃% + 𝜃$ − 3 /− 2; −
𝐿$% 5 1000 3
17,414
= 136,400𝜃$ + 272,800𝜃% +
15

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 21 200

𝑀%q = (2𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%q = 72𝜃% + 𝜃q − 3 /− 2; +
𝐿%q 5 5000 3
133,898
= 272,800𝜃% + 136,400𝜃q +
75

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 21 200

𝑀q% = (2𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q% = 72𝜃q + 𝜃% − 3 /− 2; −
𝐿%q 5 5000 3
123,898
= 136,400𝜃% + 272,800𝜃q +
75

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 9 200

𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = 72𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3 / 2; +
𝐿q_ 5 2500 3
105,484
= 272,800𝜃q + 136,400𝜃_ −
75

2𝐸𝐼 2(341,000) 9 200

𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = 72𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3 / 2; −
𝐿q_ 5 2500 3
115,484
= 136,400𝜃q + 272,800𝜃_ −
75

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐴: 𝑀$% = 0
at joint 𝐵: 𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0
at joint 𝐷: 𝑀_q = 0

Ø solving for joint rotations

19,414
𝑀$% = 0: 272,800𝜃𝐴 + 136,400𝜃𝐵 + =0
15
19,414
272,800𝜃$ + 136,400𝜃% = − (1)
15

17,414 133,898
𝑀%$ + 𝑀%q = 0: /136,400𝜃$ + 272,800𝜃% + 2 + /272,800𝜃% + 136,400𝜃q + 2=0
15 75

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Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II
73,656
136,400𝜃$ + 545,600𝜃𝐵 + 136,400𝜃q + =0
25
73,656
136,400𝜃$ + 545,600𝜃𝐵 + 136,400𝜃q = − (2)
25

123,898 105,484
𝑀q% + 𝑀q_ = 0: /136,400𝜃% + 272,800𝜃q + 2 + /272,800𝜃q + 136,400𝜃_ − 2
75 75
6138
136,400𝜃% + 545,600𝜃𝐶 + 136,400𝜃_ + =0
25
6138
136,400𝜃% + 545,600𝜃𝐶 + 136,400𝜃_ = − (3)
25

115,484
𝑀_q = 0: 136,400𝜃𝐶 + 272,800𝜃𝐷 − =0
75
115,484
136,400𝜃q + 272,800𝜃_ = (4)
75

Solving the 4 equations simultaneously,

𝜃$ = −0.002453 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃% = −0.004582 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃q = −0.000818 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃_ = 0.006053 𝑟𝑎𝑑

Ø Member End Moments

19,414
𝑀$% = 272,800𝜃$ + 136,400𝜃% +
15
••,”•”
= 272,800(−0.002453) + 136,400(−0.004582) + •ž ≈ 𝟎 Answer

17,414
𝑀%$ = 136,400𝜃$ + 272,800𝜃% +
15
17,414
= 136,400(−0.002453) + 272,800(−0.004582) + = −423.63 𝑘𝑁𝑚
15
= 𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

133,898
𝑀%q = 272,800𝜃% + 136,400𝜃q +
75
133,898
= 272,800(−0.004582) + 136,400(−0.000818) +
75
= 𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

123,898
𝑀q% = 136,400𝜃% + 272,800𝜃q +
75
123,898
= 136,400(−0.004582) + 272,800(−0.000818) +
75
= 𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

105,484
𝑀q_ = 272,800𝜃q + 136,400𝜃_ −
75
105,484
= 272,800(−0.000818) + 136,400(0.006053) − = −803.97 𝑘𝑁𝑚
75
= 𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

115,484
𝑀_q = 136,400𝜃q + 272,800𝜃_ −
75

23 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
••ž,” ”
= 136,400(−0.000818) + 272,800(0.006053) − ≈𝟎 Answer
¡ž

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐵:

+↻ € 𝑀% = 0
423.63 − 32(5)(2.5) + 𝐴… (5) = 0
𝐴… = −4.726 𝑘𝑁
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

Consider Segment 𝐶𝐷:

+↻ € 𝑀q = 0
803.97 + 32(5)(2.5) − 𝐷… (5) = 0
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+↺ € 𝑀% = 0
4.726(5) + 𝐶… (5) + 240.794(10) + 32(5)(2.5) − 32(10)(5) = 0
𝐶… = −246.314 𝑘𝑁
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒𝟔. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐵… − 4.726 − 246.314 + 240.794 − 32(15) = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.3 Analysis of Frames Without Sidesway

Ø since the axial deformations of the members of frames composed of common engineering
materials are generally much smaller than the bending deformations, the axial deformations of
members are neglected in the analysis, and the members are assumed to be inextensible (i.e.,
they cannot undergo any axial elongation or shortening)

24 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II
Ø consider the frame shown

§ the frame deflects due to the arbitrary load 𝑃

§ fixed joints 𝐴 and 𝐵 can neither rotate nor translate
§ joint 𝐶, which is located at the hinged support, can rotate, but it cannot translate
§ joint 𝐷 is free to rotate, its translation in any direction is prevented by members 𝐴𝐷
and 𝐶𝐷, which are assumed to be inextensible
§ joint 𝐸 is free to rotate, but since members 𝐵𝐸 and 𝐷𝐸 cannot deform axially and
since joints 𝐵 and 𝐷 do not translate, joint 𝐸 also cannot translate
§ none of the joints of the frame can translate
§ FRAME WITHOUT SIDESWAY

Ø consider the frame shown

§ since the axial deformations of columns 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸 are neglected, joints 𝐷 and 𝐸
cannot translate in the vertical direction
§ there are no restraints to prevent joints 𝐷 and 𝐸 from rotating, and displacing in the
horizontal direction
§ since the girder 𝐷𝐸 is assumed to be inextensible, the horizontal displacements of
joints 𝐷 and 𝐸 must be the same
§ the lateral displacements of building frames are commonly referred to as sidesways
§ FRAME WITH SIDESWAY

Ø for an arbitrary plane frame subjected to a general coplanar loading, the number of
independent joint translations – _which are commonly referred to as the sidesway degrees of
freedom, 𝑠𝑠 can be expressed as

𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚]
where 𝑗 = number of joints
𝑓 = number of fixed supports
ℎ = number of hinged supports
𝑟 = number of roller supports

25 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II
𝑚 = number of (inextensible) members
§ 𝑠𝑠 = 0 for frames without sidesway
§ 𝑠𝑠 > 0 for frames with sidesway

Ø a frame may contain joints that are free to translate, but it may be considered for analytical
purposes as one without sidesway under a particular loading condition if no joint translations
occur when the frame is subjected to that loading condition

§ joints 𝐷 and 𝐸 are free to translate horizontally but they will not translate when the
frame is subjected to a loading that is symmetric with respect to the structure’s axis
of symmetry

Ø the procedure for the analysis of frames without sidesway is almost identical to that for the
analysis of continuous beams
§ the degrees of freedom of frames without sidesway consist of only the unknown
joint rotations
§ more than two members may be connected to a joint of a frame; the equilibrium
equation for a joint may involve more than two member end moments

5.3.1 Illustrative Problem 5-7

Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by the slope-deflection
method.

Solution:
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(5) − [2(2 + 1) + 0 + 4] = 0
∴ frame without sidesway

Ø degrees of freedom
There are 3 degrees of freedom (𝜃q , 𝜃_ , and 𝜃• )

Ø Deflected Shape and Chord Rotations

26 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
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Structural Theory II

since there is no joint translation and no support settlement, therefore

𝜓$q = 𝜓q_ = 𝜓_• = 𝜓%_

Ø Fixed-End Moments
𝑃𝐿 200(4)
𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = = = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝐿 200(4)
𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = − =− = −100 𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8
< <
𝑤𝐿 50(6)
𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = = = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 50(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = − =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 50(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀_• = = = 150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 50(6)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀•_ = − =− = −150 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = 0

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿
𝐼$q = 𝐼%_ = 300 × 10— 𝑚𝑚” = 𝐼
𝐼q_ = 𝐼_• = 600 × 10— 𝑚𝑚” = 2𝐼

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀$q = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = [2(0) + 𝜃q − 3(0)] + 100
𝐿$q 4
= 0.5𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 100

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q$ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = [2𝜃q + 0 − 3(0)] − 100
𝐿$q 4
= 𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 100

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = [2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3(0)] + 150
𝐿q_ 6
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_
= + + 150
3 3

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = [2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3(0)] − 150
𝐿q_ 6
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_
= + − 150
3 3

27 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀_• = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃• − 3𝜓_• ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_• = [2𝜃_ + 𝜃• − 3(0)] + 150
𝐿_• 6
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃•
= + + 150
3 3

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀•_ = (2𝜃• + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓_• ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀•_ = [2𝜃• + 𝜃_ − 3(0)] − 150
𝐿_• 6
2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃•
= + − 150
3 3

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = [2(0) + 𝜃_ − 3(0)] + 0
𝐿%_ 4
= 0.5𝐸𝐼𝜃_

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = [2𝜃_ + 0 − 3(0)] + 0
𝐿%_ 4
= 𝐸𝐼𝜃_

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0
at joint 𝐷: 𝑀_q + 𝑀_• + 𝑀_% = 0
at joint 𝐸: 𝑀•_ = 0

Ø Solving for the joint rotations

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_
𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0: (𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 100) + / + + 1502 = 0
3 3
7𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_
+ = −50 (1)
3 3

2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃•

𝑀_q + 𝑀_• + 𝑀_% = 0: / + − 1502 + / + + 1502 + (𝐸𝐼𝜃_ ) = 0
3 3 3 3
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 11𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃•
+ + =0 (2)
3 3 3

2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃•
𝑀•_ = 0: + − 150 = 0
3 3
2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃•
+ = 150 (3)
3 3

Solving the 3 equations simultaneously,

175
𝐸𝐼𝜃q = − 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
11
425
𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = − 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
22
5375
𝐸𝐼𝜃• = 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
44

Ø Member End Moments

•¡ž
𝑀$q = 0.5𝐸𝐼𝜃q + 100 = 0.5 œ− • + 100 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
••

•¡ž
𝑀q$ = 𝐸𝐼𝜃q − 100 = − − 100 = −115.91 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
••

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©ª« ¬-«
”•‘’• <•‘’§ ”œ¨ • <œ¨ •
©© --
𝑀q_ = + + 150 = + + 150 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
N N N N

©ª« ¬-«
<•‘’• ”•‘’§ <œ¨ • ”œ¨ •
©© --
𝑀_q = + − 150 = + − 150 = −186.36 𝑘𝑁𝑚
N N N N
= 𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

¬-« «¯ª«
”•‘’§ <•‘’® ”œ¨ • <œ •
-- ¬¬
𝑀_• = + + 150 = + + 150 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
N N N N

¬-« «¯ª«
<•‘’§ ”•‘’® <œ¨ • ”œ •
-- ¬¬
𝑀•_ = N
+ N
− 150 = N
+ N
− 150 = 𝟎 Answer

”<ž
𝑀%_ = 0.5𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = 0.5 œ− • = −9.66 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
<<

”<ž
𝑀_% = 𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = − = −19.32 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer
<<

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐶:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ € 𝑀q = 0
92.05 − 115.91 + 200(2) − 𝐴° (4) = 0
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ← Answer

Consider Segment 𝐵𝐷:

𝑴𝑩 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↻ € 𝑀_ = 0
19.32 + 9.66 + 𝐵° (4) = 0
𝐵° = −7.245 𝑘𝑁
𝑩𝒙 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 → Answer

Consider Segment 𝐷𝐸:

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+↺ € 𝑀_ = 0
205.68 − 50(6)(3) + 𝐸… (6) = 0
𝑬𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

+→ € 𝐹° = 0
200 − 94.035 + 9.66 − 𝐸° = 0
𝑬𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ← Answer

+↺ € 𝑀$ = 0
92.05 − 9.66 + 𝐵… (6) + 115.72(12) + 115.625(4) − 200(2) − 50(12)(6) = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟑𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐴… + 344.412 + 115.72 − 50(12) = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.3.2 Illustrative Problem 5-8

Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown due to a settlement of 18 𝑚𝑚
at support 𝐵.

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Structural Theory II
Solution:
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(5) − [2(2 + 1) + 0 + 4] = 0
∴ frame without sidesway

Ø degrees of freedom
There are 3 degrees of freedom (𝜃q , 𝜃_ , and 𝜃• )

Ø Deflected Shape and Chord Rotations

𝜓$q = 𝜓%_ = 0
18
𝜓q_ = − = −0.003 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6000
18
𝜓_• = = 0.003 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6000

Ø Fixed-End Moments
ALL Fixed-End Moments are zero (no external loads)

Ø Slope-Deflection Equations
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 0
𝐿 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H
𝐿
— ”/
1 ”
𝐼$q = 𝐼%_ = 300 × 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 0.0003 𝑚”
1000
— ”/
1 ”
𝐼q_ = 𝐼_• = 600 × 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 0.0006 𝑚”
1000

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0003)

𝑀$q = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓$q ) = [2(0) + 𝜃q − 3(0)]
𝐿$q 4
= 30,000𝜃q

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0003)

𝑀q$ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$q ) = [2𝜃q + 0 − 3(0)]
𝐿$q 4
= 60,000𝜃q

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0006)

𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) = [2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3(−0.003)]
𝐿q_ 6
= 80,000𝜃q + 40,000𝜃_ + 360

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0006)

𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) = [2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3(−0.003)]
𝐿q_ 6
= 40,000𝜃q + 80,000𝜃_ + 360

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2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0006)
𝑀_• = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃• − 3𝜓_• ) = [2𝜃_ + 𝜃• − 3(0.003)]
𝐿_• 6
= 80,000𝜃_ + 40,000𝜃• − 360

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0006)

𝑀•_ = (2𝜃• + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓_• ) = [2𝜃• + 𝜃_ − 3(0.003)]
𝐿_• 6
= 40,000𝜃_ + 80,000𝜃• − 360

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0003)

𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) = [2(0) + 𝜃_ − 3(0)]
𝐿%_ 4
= 30,000𝜃_

2𝐸𝐼 2(200 × 10— )(0.0003)

𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) = [2𝜃_ + 0 − 3(0)]
𝐿%_ 4
= 60,000𝜃_

Ø Equilibrium Equations
at joint 𝐶: 𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0
at joint 𝐷: 𝑀_q + 𝑀_• + 𝑀_% = 0
at joint 𝐸: 𝑀•_ = 0

Ø Solving for the joint rotations

𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0: (60,000𝜃q ) + (80,000𝜃q + 40,000𝜃_ + 360) = 0

140,000𝜃q + 40,000𝜃_ = −360 (1)

𝑀_q + 𝑀_• + 𝑀_% = 0: (40,000𝜃q + 80,000𝜃_ + 360) + (80,000𝜃_ + 40,000𝜃• − 360)

+(60,000𝜃_ ) = 0
40,000𝜃q + 220,000𝜃_ + 40,000𝜃• = 0 (2)

𝑀•_ = 0: 40,000𝜃_ + 80,000𝜃• − 360 = 0

40,000𝜃_ + 80,000𝜃• = 360 (3)

Solving the 3 equations simultaneously,

27
𝜃q = − 𝑟𝑎𝑑
11,000
9
𝜃_ = − 𝑟𝑎𝑑
22,000
207
𝜃• = 𝑟𝑎𝑑
44,000

Ø Member End Moments

<¡
𝑀$q = 30,000𝜃q = 30,000 œ− ••,ŽŽŽ• = −73.63 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

<¡
𝑀q$ = 60,000𝜃q = 60,000 œ− ••,ŽŽŽ• = −147.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟕. 𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

<¡ •
𝑀q_ = 80,000𝜃q + 40,000𝜃_ + 360 = 80,000 œ− ••,ŽŽŽ• + 40,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• + 360
= 𝟏𝟒𝟕. 𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

32 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

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<¡ •
𝑀_q = 40,000𝜃q + 80,000𝜃_ + 360 = 40,000 œ− ••,ŽŽŽ• + 80,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• + 360
= 𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

• <Ž¡
𝑀_• = 80,000𝜃_ + 40,000𝜃• − 360 = 80,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• + 40,000 œ””,ŽŽŽ• − 360
= −204.55 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

• <Ž¡
𝑀•_ = 40,000𝜃_ + 80,000𝜃• − 360 = 40,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• + 80,000 œ””,ŽŽŽ• − 360
=𝟎 Answer

•
𝑀%_ = 30,000𝜃_ = 30,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• = −12.27 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

•
𝑀_% = 60,000𝜃_ = 60,000 œ− <<,ŽŽŽ• = −24.55 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

Ø Support Reactions

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐶:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↺ € 𝑀q = 0
147.27 + 73.63 + 𝐴° (4) = 0
𝐴° = −55.224 𝑘𝑁
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 → Answer

Consider Segment 𝐵𝐷:

𝑴𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↻ € 𝑀_ = 0
24.55 + 12.72 + 𝐵° (4) = 0
𝐵° = −9.318 𝑘𝑁
𝑩𝒙 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵 → Answer

Consider Segment 𝐷𝐸:

+↻ € 𝑀_ = 0
204.55 − 𝐸… (6) = 0
𝑬𝒚 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

Consider the whole structure:

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+→ € 𝐹° = 0
55.225 + 9.318 − 𝐸° = 0
𝑬𝒙 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝒌𝑵 ← Answer

+↻ € 𝑀$ = 0
73.63 + 12.72 − 𝐵… (6) − 34.09(12) − 64.543(4) = 0
𝐵… = −96.817 𝑘𝑁
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟖𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝑵 ↓ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐴… − 96.817 + 34.09 = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.4 Analysis of Frames With Sidesway

Ø a frame, in general, will undergo sidesway if its joints are not restrained against translation,
unless it is a symmetric frame subjected to symmetric loading
Ø consider the rectangular frame shown

§ the frame’s qualitative deflected shape due to the arbitrary load is shown
§ the fixed joints 𝐴 and 𝐵 are completely restrained against rotation as well as translation
§ joints 𝐶 and 𝐷 are free to rotate and translate
§ columns 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 are assumed to be inextensible and the deformations of the frame
are assumed to be small; the joints 𝐶 and 𝐷 can translate only in the horizontal direction
– that is, in the direction perpendicular to the columns 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷, respectively
§ girder 𝐶𝐷 is assumed to be inextensible; the horizontal displacements of joints 𝐶 and 𝐷
must be the same

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§ the frame has three unknown joint displacements or degrees of freedom, the rotations
𝜃q and 𝜃_ of joints 𝐶 and 𝐷, respectively, and the horizontal displacement ∆ of both joints
𝐶 and 𝐷
§ chord rotations
Δ
𝜓$q = 𝜓%_ = −
ℎ
𝜓q_ = 0
§ slope-deflection equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
𝑀$q = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = /𝜃q + 2 + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q
𝐿$q ℎ ℎ
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
𝑀q$ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = /2𝜃q + 2 + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q$
𝐿$q ℎ ℎ
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = /𝜃_ + 2 + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_
𝐿%_ ℎ ℎ
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = /2𝜃_ + 2 + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_%
𝐿%_ ℎ ℎ
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_
𝐿q_ 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q
𝐿q_ 𝐿

§ equilibrium equations

at joint 𝐶 : 𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0

at joint 𝐷 : 𝑀_q + 𝑀_% = 0
∑ 𝐹° = 0 ∶ 𝑃 − 𝑆$q − 𝑆%_ = 0

Solving 𝑆$% and 𝑆%_ in terms of the internal moments,

Consider Segment 𝐴𝐶:

+↺ ∑ 𝑀q = 0
ℎ
𝑀q$ + 𝑀$q + 𝑃 / 2 − 𝑆$q (ℎ) = 0
2
ℎ
𝑆$q (ℎ) = 𝑀q$ + 𝑀$q + 𝑃 / 2
2
𝑴𝑪𝑨 + 𝑴𝑨𝑪 𝑷
𝑺𝑨𝑪 = +
𝒉 𝟐

Consider Segment 𝐵𝐷:

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Structural Theory II

+↺ ∑ 𝑀_ = 0
𝑀_% + 𝑀%_ − 𝑆%_ (ℎ) = 0
𝑆%_ (ℎ) = 𝑀_% + 𝑀%_
𝑴𝑫𝑩 + 𝑴𝑩𝑫
𝑺𝑩𝑫 =
𝒉

Then,
∑ 𝐹° = 0 ∶ 𝑃 − 𝑆$% − 𝑆%_ = 0
𝑀q$ + 𝑀$q 𝑃 𝑀_% + 𝑀%_
𝑃−7 + ;−7 ;=0
ℎ 2 ℎ
𝑀q$ 𝑀$q 𝑃 𝑀_% 𝑀%_
𝑃− − − − − =0
ℎ ℎ 2 ℎ ℎ
𝑃 𝑀q$ 𝑀$q 𝑀_% 𝑀%_
− − − − =0
2 ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ
ð multiply all terms by (−ℎ)
𝑃ℎ
𝑀$q + 𝑀q$ + 𝑀%_ + 𝑀_% − =0
2

5.4.1 Illustrative Problem 5-9

Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by the slope-deflection
method.

Solution:
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(4) − [2(2 + 0) + 0 + 3] = 1
∴ frame with sidesway with 1 unknown horizontal deflection

Ø qualitative deflected shape and chord rotations

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Structural Theory II

∆
𝜓$q = −
7
∆
𝜓%_ = −
5
𝜓q_ = 0

Ø degrees of freedom
𝐷𝑂𝐹 = 3 (𝜃q , 𝜃_ , and ∆)

Ø fixed-end moments
𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = 0
𝑃𝑏< 𝑎 40(4)< (3) 1920
𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = < = = 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 7< 49
𝑃𝑎< 𝑏 40(3)< (4) 1440
𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = < = = − 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 7< 49
𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = 0

Ø slope-deflection equations
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀$q = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = L2(0) + 𝜃q − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿$q 7 7
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ
= +
7 49

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀q$ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = L2𝜃q + 0 − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿$q 7 7
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ
= +
7 49

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = L2(0) + 𝜃_ − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿%_ 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ
= +
5 25

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2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = L2𝜃_ + 0 − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿%_ 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ
= +
5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1920

𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = G2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3(0)H +
𝐿q_ 7 49
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1920
= + +
7 7 49

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 1440

𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = G2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3(0)H −
𝐿q_ 7 49
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1440
= + −
7 7 49

Ø equilibrium equations

at joint 𝐶 : 𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0

at joint 𝐷 : 𝑀_% + 𝑀_q = 0
€ 𝐹° = 0 ∶ 𝑆$q + 𝑆%_ = 0

𝑀$q + 𝑀q$ 𝑀$q 𝑀q$

𝑆$q = = +
7 7 7
𝑀%_ + 𝑀_% 𝑀%_ 𝑀_%
𝑆%_ = = +
5 5 5

𝑀$q 𝑀q$ 𝑀%_ 𝑀_%

+ + + =0
7 7 5 5

38 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

Ø Solving for the joint rotations

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1920

𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ = 0: / + 2+/ + + 2=0
7 49 7 7 49
8𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 1920
+ + =− (1)
7 7 49 49

4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1440

𝑀_% + 𝑀_q = 0: / + 2+/ + − 2=0
5 25 7 7 49
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 48𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 1440
+ + = (2)
7 35 25 49

𝑀$q 𝑀q$ 𝑀%_ 𝑀_%

+ + + = 0:
7 7 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ
+ +
7 + 49 + 7 + 49 + 5 25 + 5 25 = 0
7 7 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ
+ + + + + + + =0
49 343 49 343 25 125 25 125
6𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 5616𝐸𝐼Δ
+ + =0 (3)
49 25 42875

Solving the 3 equations simultaneously,

𝐸𝐼𝜃q = −40.14 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = 34.19 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼∆= −25.11 𝑘𝑁𝑚<

Ø Member End Moments

2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 2(−40.14) 6(−25.11)
𝑀$q = + = + = −14.54 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7 49 7 49
= 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4(−40.14) 6(−25.11)

𝑀q$ = + = + = −26.01 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7 49 7 49
= 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 2(34.19) 6(−25.11)

𝑀%_ = + = +
5 25 5 25
= 𝟕. 𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼Δ 4(34.19) 6(−25.11)

𝑀_% = + = +
5 25 5 25
= 𝟐𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1920 4(−40.14) 2(34.19) 1920

𝑀q_ = + + = + +
7 7 49 7 7 49
= 𝟐𝟔. 𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 1440 2(−40.14) 4(34.19) 1440

𝑀_q = + − = + − = −21.32 𝑘𝑁𝑚
7 7 49 7 7 49
= 𝟐𝟏. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻

Ø Support Reactions

39 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Consider Segment 𝐴𝐶:

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

+↻ € 𝑀q = 0
26.01 + 14.54 + 𝐴° (7) = 0
𝐴° = −5.79 𝑘𝑁
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 → Answer

Consider Segment 𝐵𝐷:

𝑴𝑩 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

+↺ € 𝑀_ = 0
21.33 + 7.65 − 𝐵° (5) = 0
𝑩𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ← Answer

Consider the whole structure:

40 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

+↻ € 𝑀$ = 0
14.54 − 7.65 − 𝐵… (7) − 5.80(2) + 40(3) = 0
𝑩𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟕 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

+↑ € 𝐹… = 0
𝐴… − 40 + 16.47 = 0
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟑 𝒌𝑵 ↑ Answer

5.4.2 Illustrative Problem 5-10

Determine the member end moments and the horizontal deflection of joint 𝐹 of the two-story frame
shown by the slope-deflection method.

41 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Ø sidesway degrees of freedom
𝑠𝑠 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟 + 𝑚] = 2(6) − [2(2 + 0) + 0 + 6] = 2
∴ frame with sidesway with 2 unknown horizontal deflections

Ø qualitative deflected shape and chord rotations

Δ•
𝜓$q = −
5
Δ•
𝜓%_ = −
5
Δ<
𝜓q• = −
5
Δ<
𝜓_¹ = −
5
𝜓q_ = 0
𝜓•¹ = 0

Ø degrees of freedom
𝐷𝑂𝐹 = 6 (𝜃q , 𝜃_ , 𝜃• , 𝜃¹ , ∆• , ∆< )

Ø fixed end moments

𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = 𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀q• = 𝐹𝐸𝑀•q = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = 0
𝐹𝐸𝑀_¹ = 𝐹𝐸𝑀¹_ = 0
𝑤𝐿< 24(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = = = 200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 24(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = =− = −200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿< 24(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀•¹ = = = 200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
<
𝑤𝐿 24(10)<
𝐹𝐸𝑀¹• = =− = −200 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Ø slope-deflection equations
𝐼$q = 𝐼q• = 𝐼%_ = 𝐼_¹ = 252 × 10— 𝑚𝑚” = 𝐼
𝐼q_ = 𝐼•¹ = 504 × 10— 𝑚𝑚” = 2𝐼

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀EF = G2𝜃E + 𝜃F − 3𝜓H + 𝐹𝐸𝑀EF
𝐿

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆•
𝑀$q = (2𝜃$ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀$q = L2(0) + 𝜃q − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿$q 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼∆•
= +
5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆•
𝑀q$ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃$ − 3𝜓$q ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q$ = L2𝜃q + 0 − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿$q 5 5

42 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼∆•
= +
5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆<

𝑀q• = (2𝜃q + 𝜃• − 3𝜓q• ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q• = L2𝜃q + 𝜃• − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿q• 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆<
= + +
5 5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆<

𝑀•q = (2𝜃• + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q• ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀•q = L2𝜃• + 𝜃q − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿q• 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆<
= + +
5 5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆•
𝑀%_ = (2𝜃% + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀%_ = L2(0) + 𝜃_ − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿%_ 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼∆•
= +
5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆•
𝑀_% = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃% − 3𝜓%_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_% = L2𝜃_ + 0 − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿%_ 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼∆•
= +
5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆<

𝑀_¹ = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃¹ − 3𝜓_¹ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_¹ = L2𝜃_ + 𝜃¹ − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿_¹ 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆<
= + +
5 5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 ∆<

𝑀¹_ = (2𝜃¹ + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓_¹ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀¹_ = L2𝜃¹ + 𝜃_ − 3 /− 2O + 0
𝐿_¹ 5 5
2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆<
= + +
5 5 25

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀q_ = (2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀q_ = G2𝜃q + 𝜃_ − 3(0)H + 200
𝐿q_ 10
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_
= + + 200
5 5

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀_q = (2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3𝜓q_ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀_q = G2𝜃_ + 𝜃q − 3(0)H − 200
𝐿q_ 10
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_
= + − 200
5 5

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀•¹ = (2𝜃• + 𝜃¹ − 3𝜓•¹ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀•¹ = G2𝜃• + 𝜃¹ − 3(0)H + 200
𝐿•¹ 10
4𝐸𝐼𝜃• 2𝐸𝐼𝜃¹
= + + 200
5 5

2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸 (2𝐼 )
𝑀¹• = (2𝜃¹ + 𝜃• − 3𝜓•¹ ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀¹• = G2𝜃¹ + 𝜃• − 3(0)H − 200
𝐿•¹ 10
2𝐸𝐼𝜃• 4𝐸𝐼𝜃¹
= + − 200
5 5

43 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Ø equilibrium equations

at 2nd storey:

at joint 𝐸 : 𝑀•q + 𝑀•¹ = 0

at joint 𝐹 : 𝑀¹• + 𝑀¹_ = 0
€ 𝐹° = 0 ∶ 𝑆q• + 𝑆_¹ = 40

𝑀q• + 𝑀•q
𝑆q• =
5
𝑀_¹ + 𝑀¹_
𝑆_¹ =
5

at 1st storey:

at joint 𝐶 : 𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ + 𝑀q• = 0

at joint 𝐷 : 𝑀_% + 𝑀_q + 𝑀_¹ = 0
€ 𝐹° = 0 ∶ 𝑆$q + 𝑆%_ = 120

𝑀$q + 𝑀q$
𝑆$q =
5
𝑀%_ + 𝑀_%
𝑆%_ =
5

equilibrium equations:
𝑀•q + 𝑀•¹ = 0
𝑀¹• + 𝑀¹_ = 0
𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ + 𝑀q• = 0
𝑀_% + 𝑀_q + 𝑀_¹ = 0
𝑆q• + 𝑆_¹ = 40
𝑀q• + 𝑀•q 𝑀_¹ + 𝑀¹_
7 + = 40; (5)
5 5
𝑀q• + 𝑀•q + 𝑀_¹ + 𝑀¹_ = 200
𝑆$q + 𝑆%_ = 120
𝑀$q + 𝑀q$ 𝑀%_ + 𝑀_%
7 + = 120; (5)
5 5
𝑀$q + 𝑀q$ + 𝑀%_ + 𝑀_% = 600

44 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Ø solving for joint displacements
2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆< 4𝐸𝐼𝜃• 2𝐸𝐼𝜃¹
𝑀•q + 𝑀•¹ = 0: / + + 2+/ + + 2002 = 0
5 5 25 5 5
𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 𝟖𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑬 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑭 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟐
+ + + = −𝟐𝟎𝟎 (𝟏)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓

2𝐸𝐼𝜃• 4𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆<

𝑀¹• + 𝑀¹_ = 0: / + − 2002 + / + + 2=0
5 5 5 5 25
𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑫 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑬 𝟖𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑭 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟐
+ + + = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 (𝟐)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼∆• 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_

𝑀q$ + 𝑀q_ + 𝑀q• = 0: / + 2+/ + + 2002
5 25 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆<
+/ + + 2=0
5 5 25
𝟏𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑫 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑬 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟏 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟐
+ + + + = −𝟐𝟎𝟎 (𝟑)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓

4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼∆• 2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃_

𝑀_% + 𝑀_q + 𝑀_¹ = 0: / + 2+/ + − 2002
5 25 5 5
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆<
+/ + + 2=0
5 5 25
𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 𝟏𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑫 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑭 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟏 𝟔𝑬𝑰∆𝟐
+ + + + = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 (𝟒)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝑀q• + 𝑀•q + 𝑀_¹ + 𝑀¹_ = 200:

4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 2𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆< 2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 4𝐸𝐼𝜃• 6𝐸𝐼∆<
/ + + 2+/ + + 2+
5 5 25 5 5 25
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 2𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆< 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 4𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ 6𝐸𝐼∆<
/ + + 2+/ + + 2 = 200
5 5 25 5 5 25
𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑫 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑬 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑭 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆𝟐
+ + + + = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 (𝟓)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝑀$q + 𝑀q$ + 𝑀%_ + 𝑀_% = 600:

2𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼∆• 4𝐸𝐼𝜃q 6𝐸𝐼∆• 2𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼∆•
/ + 2+/ + 2+/ + 2
5 25 5 25 5 25
4𝐸𝐼𝜃_ 6𝐸𝐼∆•
+/ + 2 = 600
5 25
𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑫 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆𝟏
+ + = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 (𝟔)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓

solving the 6 equations simultaneously,

𝐸𝐼𝜃q = −203.247 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃_ = −60.3896 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃• = −197.403 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼𝜃¹ = 88.3117 𝑘𝑁𝑚<
𝐸𝐼∆• = 954.545 𝑘𝑁𝑚N
𝐸𝐼∆< = 674.242 𝑘𝑁𝑚N

Ø member end moments

<•‘’• —•‘∆© <(¨<ŽN.<”¡) —(•ž”.ž”ž)
𝑀$q = + = + = 𝟏𝟒𝟕. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž <ž ž <ž

”•‘’• —•‘∆© ”(¨<ŽN.<”¡) —(•ž”.ž”ž)

𝑀q$ = + = + = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž <ž ž <ž

45 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
”•‘’ <•‘’ —•‘∆- ”(¨<ŽN.<”¡) <(¨••¡.”ŽN) —(—¡”.<”<)
𝑀q• = ž • + ž ® + = + + = −79.74 𝑘𝑁𝑚
<ž ž ž <ž
= 𝟕𝟗. 𝟕𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

<•‘’ ”•‘’ —•‘∆- <(¨<ŽN.<”¡) ”(¨••¡.”ŽN) —(—¡”.<”<)

𝑀•q = ž • + ž ® + = + + = −77.40 𝑘𝑁𝑚
<ž ž ž <ž
= 𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

<•‘’§ —•‘∆© <(¨—Ž.N •—) —(•ž”.ž”ž)

𝑀%_ = + = + = 𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž <ž ž <ž

”•‘’§ —•‘∆© ”(¨—Ž.N •—) —(•ž”.ž”ž)

𝑀_% = + = + = 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž <ž ž <ž

”•‘’ <•‘’ —•‘∆ ”(¨—Ž.N •—) <( .N••¡) —(—¡”.<”<)

𝑀_¹ = ž § + ž ½ + <ž - = + +
ž ž <ž
= 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

<•‘’ ”•‘’ —•‘∆ <(¨—Ž.N •—) ”( .N••¡) —(—¡”.<”<)

𝑀¹_ = ž § + ž ½ + <ž - = + +
ž ž <ž
= 𝟐𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer

”•‘’• <•‘’§ ”(¨<ŽN.<”¡) <(¨—Ž.N •—)

𝑀q_ = + + 200 = + + 200 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž ž ž ž

<•‘’ ”•‘’ <(¨<ŽN.<”¡) ”(¨—Ž.N •—)

𝑀_q = ž • + ž § − 200 = + − 200 = −329.61 𝑘𝑁𝑚
ž ž
= 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↻ Answer

”•‘’® <•‘’½ ”(¨••¡.”ŽN) <( .N••¡)

𝑀•¹ = + + 200 = + + 200 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž ž ž ž

<•‘’® ”•‘’½ <(¨••¡.”ŽN) ”( .N••¡)

𝑀¹• = + − 200 = + − 200 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎 ↺ Answer
ž ž ž ž

Ø horizontal deflection at joint 𝐹

∆¹ = ∆• + ∆<
𝐸𝐼∆• = 954.545 𝑘𝑁𝑚N
”
𝑘𝑁 1𝑚
(200 × 10— ) < (252 × 10— )𝑚𝑚” / 2 ∆• = 954.545 𝑘𝑁𝑚N
𝑚 1000 𝑚𝑚
∆• = 0.01894 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝐸𝐼∆< = 674.242 𝑘𝑁𝑚N

”
𝑘𝑁 1𝑚
(200 × 10— ) < (252 × 10— )𝑚𝑚” / 2 ∆• = 674.242 𝑘𝑁𝑚N
𝑚 1000 𝑚𝑚
∆• = 0.01338 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎

∆¹ = ∆• + ∆< = 18.94 + 13.38 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎 → Answer

46 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
5.5 Review Exercises
1. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.

Answers:
𝑀$q = 50.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q$ = 58.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q• = 58.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀•q = 26.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

2. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.

Answers:
𝑀$% = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%$ = 200 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%• = 200 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀•% = 500 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

3. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.
Answers:
𝑀$% = 𝑀q% = 0
𝑀%$ = 101.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%q = 101.7 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺

4. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown due to the loads and support settlements of 50 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐵 and 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶. Use the
slope-deflection method.

Answers:
𝑀$% = 449.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%$ = 72.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀%q = 72.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q% = 0

5. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.
Answers:
𝑀$% = 103.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀%$ = 113 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%q = 113 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q% = 85 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q• = 85 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀•q = 47.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

6. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.

47 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Answers:
𝑀%$ = 67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%_ = 67.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀_% = 121.78 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀_• = 121.78 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀•_ = 74.34 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
7. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown using the slope-deflection method.
Answers:
𝑀$% = 𝑀•_ = 0
𝑀%$ = 𝑀_q = 57.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%q = 𝑀_• = 57.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q% = 38.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q_ = 38.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺

8. Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown due to the loads and support settlements of 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐶. Use the slope-deflection
method.
Answers:
𝑀$% = 68.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀%$ = 183 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%q = 183 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q% = 29 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q• = 29 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀•q = 170.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

9. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the slope-
deflection method.

Answers:
𝑀$q = 9.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q$ = 187.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q_ = 187.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀_q = 0

10. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the slope-
deflection method.

48 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II

Answers:
𝑀$_ = 𝑀q_ = 𝑀•_ = 0
𝑀_$ = 50 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀_q = 75 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀_• = 25 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺

11. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown due to the loads and
a settlement of 50 𝑚𝑚 at support 𝐷. Use the slope-deflection method.

Answers:
𝑀$q = 58.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q$ = 286 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀q_ = 286 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀_q = 0

12. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown due to the loads and
a settlements of 17 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐴 and 25 𝑚𝑚 at 𝐷. Use the slope-deflection method.
Answers:
𝑀$q = 0
𝑀_• = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q$ = 128.46 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀%q = 397.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q% = 106.44 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q_ = 22.01 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀_q = 100 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

13. Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown by using the slope-
deflection method.

49 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method
 CE 152
Structural Theory II
Answers:
𝑀$q = 𝑀%_ = 119 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q$ = 𝑀_% = 83.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q• = 𝑀_¹ = 23.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀•q = 𝑀¹_ = 44.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↺
𝑀q_ = 𝑀_q = 106.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻
𝑀•¹ = 𝑀¹• = 44.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚 ↻

50 Chapter 5 MARLON T. ACOBA, MSCE, M.ASEP

Slope-Deflection Method