CWID Curriculum Final Output
CWID Curriculum Final Output
INTRODUCTION
“Children with intellectual disabilities are those who are challenged, need to be heard. To be seen not as a disabled, but as a
person who has and will continue to bloom. To be seen not only as having a handicap, but as a whole human being.”
Robert M. Hensel (retrieved from www.wow4u.com , July 16,2012,)
The Department of Education believes that Kindergarten education is vital to the development of the Filipino child for it is the period
when the young mind’s absorptive capacity for learning is at its sharpest. It is the policy of the State to make education learner-oriented
and responsive to the needs, culture, diversity of learners, schools and communities using the appropriate languages of teaching and
learning.
In line with the Millennium Development Goal on achieving Education for All (EFA) by the year 2015, SECTION 2 of the Declaration of
Policy in the Kindergarten Act; the state is mandated to provide equal opportunities for all children to avail of accessible and compulsory
kindergarten education that effectively promotes physical ,social ,intellectual ,emotional development and values formation to prepare
them for elementary schooling.
Section 4 of Republic Act 10157 states that, in the Institutionalization of Kindergarten Education, Children with Disabilities should be
included. These are learners with special needs, the gifted, those with disabilities, and other diverse learners. Early Intervention
Program, in addition to the standards should be provided for Children with Disabilities to prevent handicapping them, further.
For the purpose of the Curriculum Guide for the Kindergarten with Intellectual Disability (ID), the Kindergarten Curriculum uses the
modified basic curriculum. The curriculum emphasizes reading, writing and mathematics which are functional. This integrates adaptive
skills such as self-help skills, social skills, psychomotor, leisure and recreation and work skills towards independent living.
All red marks are
suggested revisions to the
framework…..
My Family
My School
1. Socio-Emotional and
Behavioral Development
2. Physical Health, Well Being
Myself
MYs
Myself
MYs
and Self-Help
Myself
My Community
3. Motor Development
4. Cognitive Delopment
5. Language Development
6. Creative and Aesthetic
Development
II. FRAMEWORK
The Kindergarten Curriculum Framework for Children with Intellectual Disability is drawn from the principles and goals of the K to 12
Philippine Basic Education Curriculum Framework. It is aligned with National Early Learning Framework (NELF) and the Standards for
Curriculum and Instruction in Special Education. It depicts the developmental tasks and milestones of 5 to 6 year-olds and how
educators can guide them to develop holistically.
The framework is composed of two parts. The figure shows the theoretical bases for teaching-learning, which begins with the
comprehensive Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP), moves up to the principles leading to the approaches and includes child
assessment and placement options. The circle consists of three interrelated main components presented inside a pentagon. They are:
(1) Developmental Domains (2) Learning areas and (3) Curricular Themes which will be continuously assessed, monitored and
evaluated based on performance. In the middle of the circle, is the Filipino child who is envisioned to be functionally literate and
holistically developed to be mainstreamed in the society.
A. PRINCIPLES
A developmentally appropriate curriculum is one that is individually-appropriate and socially-appropriate (NAEYC, 2009). This
curriculum framework for children with intellectual disabilities considers the developmental benchmarks of Filipino learners,
recommends the use of strategies that addresses their needs and interests and uses the mother tongue as medium of instruction.
Learners with intellectual disabilities develop gradually in the different domains (cognitive, motor, socio-emotional and behavioral,
language, self-help, creative and aesthetic developments). The National Early Learning Framework (NELF), formulated by the Early
Childhood Care and Development Council, views the Filipino child, whether or not he has disabilities, as the most important asset of the
nation, also as…
… a human being who loves God, parents, and country; is proud to be a Filipino; honors the customs, traditions, and good values
of the people, knows his/her basic rights; respects other cultures and is able to live in peace and harmony with all.
A teacher for children with intellectual disabilities should keep in mind, that:
1. Every classroom is multi-level.
2. Every teacher is a multi-level facilitator.
3. Every learner is unique.
4. Every learner has particular intelligences or abilities.
5. Every learner has his/her own learning styles.
6. Every learner has his/her own particular needs.
a. Cognitive
b. Physical
c. Socio-emotional
7. Every learner has his/her own particular wants and interests.
8. Every learner has a right to develop uniquely from the others.
This framework upholds the sixteen (16) general principles of the NELF as guides on (1) child growth and development; (2) learning
program; (3) learning assessment.
1. Every child is unique. Growth and development varies from child to child of which the first six years of life are most vital.
He/she has an innate desire to learn which is best done through meaningful and real experiences.
2. Every aspect of growth and development is interrelated and interdependent. The child needs to be nurtured in a good and
caring environment that enhances healthy and dependable relationships with other children and most significant adults.
3. The learning and development of every child involves a series of complex and dynamic processes that are best attended to
in a more positive and responsive manner.
4. The child must be encouraged to aspire beyond one’s own level of achievements and to practice newly acquired
competencies.
5. Every child is a thinking, moving, feeling and interactive human being able to actively participate in the learning and
development of self in the context of one’s family and community including cultural and religious beliefs.
6. The learning program is child centered. It promotes the holistic way by which young children grow and develop; and
recognizes the role of families and communities to support the child through various stages of growth and development.
7. The learning program is appropriate for developing the domains of development and must sustain interest in active learning
of all young children, including those with special abilities, are marginalized and/or at risk
8. The learning program is implemented by way of diverse learning activities that may be enhanced with technologies such as
interactive radio and audio/ video clips for learning areas.
9. The use of learning materials and other resources that are locally developed and/or locally available is encouraged.
10. The mother tongue shall be used as the child’s language of learning in the early years and shall be recognized as a bridge
language of learning.
11. Assessment is done to monitor learning, know where the child is and inform parents of the child’s progress.
12. Assessment is essential to identifying the child’s total development needs and does not determine academic achievement.
13. Assessment is best conducted regularly so that a timely response may be made to improve learning areas.
14. The results of the assessment of learning of a child shall be kept strictly confidential.
15. Ratings should be qualitative/descriptive and not only numerical.
16. The family and community may be informed of the general outcomes of learning in the early years so as to encourage further
cooperation and partnerships
B. Components
Component 1 shows the developmental domains represented by the six blocks. They are presented like books vertically arranged to
emphasize Erikson’s epigenetic principle. This principle states that development happens through a gradual unfolding. The child is embracing
the domains implying that these are his/her foundation to gradually develop skills and competencies.
In these domains are the developmental tasks or milestones that kindergarteners are expected to attain. These are: (1) Socio-Emotional and
Behavioral, (2) Physical Health, Well Being and Self-Help, (3) Motor, (4) Cognitive, (5) Language, and (6) Creative and Aesthetics.
The following are the particulars:
1. Socio-Emotional and Behavioral Development - refers to a developing understanding of justice and fairness, right and wrong, love
and respect for different arenas of the child’s life.
Domain 1: Socio-Emotional and Behavioral Development
Sub-domain Benchmarks/Expectations
Emotional Expression The child expresses different basic emotions.
The child demonstrates ability to self –regulate feelings/emotions and follows schedules
as well as rules and regulations.
The child comprehends and displays self-appraisal emotions (shame, pride, guilt).
Emotional (Receptivity to Other’s The child responds to the different emotions of other people and shows empathy.
Emotions)
Social (Emerging Sense of Self) The child expresses knowledge of self and basic roles of people in his/her immediate
environment.
Social (Forming Attachments) The child forms healthy attachments to primary caregivers and other significant adults and
children in his/her life.
Social (Interactions with Other Children) The child plays and interacts positively with other children.
Social (Interactions with Adults) The child relates and interacts positively with adults.
Social (Sensitivity) The child takes social cues from the environment and adjusts his behavior accordingly.
Social (Appreciating Diversity) The child recognizes and respects similarities and differences in people, language,
Personal Values (Honesty) The child demonstrates honesty in words and in actions.
Personal Values (Responsibility) The child takes on responsibility and accomplishes these as best he/she can.
o Does his/her share of work in the classroom
o Does and finishes assigned tasks without prompting
Interpersonal Values (Love of Family) The child loves, respects and feels he/she belongs to a family unit.
Interpersonal Values (Pakikipagkapwa) The child shows respect for others, children, and adults
The child demonstrates concern for others.
The child opts for cooperative, non-aggressive means for achieving goals and resolving
conflict.
o Works well with others
Nationalism (Love of Community) The child demonstrates knowledge and love for his/her community or neighborhood.
Nationalism (Love of Country) The child shows respect and love for the Philippines.
o He/She knows he/she is Filipino
o Knows name of his/her country
Spiritual (Appreciation of Nature) The child shows interest in and wonder at nature.
Spiritual (Care for Nature and Its The child demonstrates a caring attitude towards nature’s creatures and its resources.
Resources)
Spiritual (Love for the Creator) The child shows respect and love for the creator of nature
2. Physical Health, Well-being and Self-Help - refers to a child’s physical growth, health and safety, and self-care
Sub-domain Benchmarks/Expectations
Physical Health The child demonstrates adequate growth (weight, head circumference)
The child has functioning sensory systems to participate in daily activities
The child has adequate stamina to participate in daily activities
Personal Care and Hygiene /Self-help The child participates in basic personal care routines
o Feeds self using fingers without spillage with assistance
o Feeds self using fingers without spillage without assistance
o Prepares own food with assistance
o Prepares own food without assistance
o Opens and closes zippers with assistance
o Opens and closes zippers without assistance
o Dresses with assistance, including buttoning and tying
o Dresses without assistance, including buttoning and tying
o Wipes/Cleans him/herself after a bowel movement with assistance
o Wipes/Cleans him/herself after a bowel movement without assistance
o Brushes teeth after meals when told
o Brushes teeth after meals without being told
o Washes and dries face independently when told
o Washes and dries face independently without being told
3. Motor Development – refers to the development of skills related to the use of large and small muscle groups
4. Cognitive Development - refers to a child’s ability to abstract, understand concepts and their logical relations, and to manipulate them to
arrive at new ideas or conclusions
Sub-domain Benchmarks/Expectations
Attention and Activity Level The child sustains attention and modulate his activity at age-expected levels
o Sustains attention and concentration on a tabletop activity for 15-20 minutes
o Works on a school assignment with minimal supervision
o Works on a school assignment independently
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Concept The child develops basic concepts pertaining to object constancy, space, time, quantity,
Formation) seriation, etc. and uses these as the basis for understanding how materials are
categorized in his/ her environment.
o Tells which are the left and right people facing him/her
o Knows the difference between yesterday, today, and tomorrow
o Understands the concept of number-quantity relations for 1-10
o Demonstrates concept of addition using finger or object
o Demonstrates concept of subtraction using fingers or objects
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Cause-Effect The child is able to understand the cause–effect relationships
Relationships)
Memory (Memory for Experiences: Episodic The child is able to recall people he has met, events, and places he has been to
Memory)
Memory (Memory for Concept-Based The child stores verbal information in short and long –term memory
Knowledge: Semantic Memory ) o Recites the days of the week with some errors
o Recalls the days of the week without errors
o Remembers lessons learned in school even after several days have passed
o Recites the months of the year with some errors
o Recites the months of the year without errors
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Logical The child follows the logic of events (i.e. reason why these happen) and draw accurate
Reasoning) conclusion by evaluating the facts presented to him
o Grasps that certain elements remain the same even if their positions change
o Predicts what will happen next in a story
o Predicts how a story will end half-way through
o Predicts how a story will end
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Planning and The child plans and organizes a simple, familiar activity
Organizing) o Plans how he/she will carry out an activity with adult guidance
o Plans how he/she will carry out an activity without adult guidance
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Creative The child generates new ideas or concepts, or new associations between existing ideas
Thoughts) or concepts
o Draws things or scenes from experience but with no actual model or reference
o Draws or paints things that do not exist in real life
Higher-Order Mental Abilities (Cognitive The child shifts to more adaptive cognitive processing strategies in order to effectively
Flexibility) deal with new and unexpected conditions in his/her environment, including problem
situations.
5. Language Development - refers to a child’s ability to understand and use language to communicate ideas, learn to acquire language skills
in preparation for reading, writing and counting
Sub-domain Benchmarks/Expectations
Receptive Skills Development The child demonstrates understanding of verbal and non-verbal forms of communication
Expressive Skills Development The child uses words and gestures to express his thoughts and feelings
o Draws and tells a story about his drawing
Pre-Reading and Pre-Math (Matching) The child matches identical objects, colors, shapes, symbols
Pre-Reading and Pre-Math (Rote The child recites the alphabet and numbers in sequence.
Sequencing) o Sings the alphabet song perfectly
o Names more than 5 letters
o Associates 2 letters with their sounds
o Counts from 1 to 10 perfectly
o Associates more than 5 letters with their sounds
Pre-Reading and Pre-Math The child copies letters and numbers.
o Prints complete name without model
o Prints upper case letters with a model with no reversals
(Copying Letters and Numbers) o Prints lower case letters with a model with some reversals
o Prints numbers 1-5 with a model with some reversals
o Prints upper case letters without a model and with no reversals
o Prints lower case letters without a model and with no reversals
6. Creative and Aesthetic Development - refers to the child’s awareness of and development of their innate talent and creative skills. The
domain includes music, visual arts, drama, dance and creative movements. This recent addition is recognized as equally important as the other
five domains in the development of the young learner. The benchmarks and expectations particular to this domain are to be finalized.
Sub-domain Benchmarks/Expectations
Music The child participates with increasing interest and enjoyment in a variety of music activities, including
listening, singing, finger plays, games, and guided performances
The child experiments with a variety of musical instruments
Art The child gains ability in using different art media and materials in a variety of ways for creative
expression and representation
The child progresses in abilities to create drawings, paintings, models, and other art creations that are
more detailed, creative, or realistic
The child shows growing abilities to plan, work independently, and demonstrate care and persistence in
varied art projects
The child begins to understand and share opinions about artistic products and experiences
Movement The child expresses what is felt and heard in various musical tempos and styles, through movement and
dancing.
The child shows growth in moving in time to different patterns of beat and rhythm in music
Dramatic Play The child participates in a variety of dramatic play activities that become more extended and complex
The child shows growing creativity and imagination in using materials and in playing different roles in
dramatic play situations
Component 2 addresses the different developmental domains of the 5-year olds. The learning areas transition the domain-based
curriculum of kindergarten to the content-based curriculum of grade 1. Figure 2 shows the curricular domains at the left, the learning areas in
the middle and the Core Learning in Grade 1 at the right. This design allows for a seamless transition from Kindergarten to grade1.
Figure 2: TRANSITION FROM KINDERGARTEN TO GRADE 1
KINDERGARTEN GRADE-I
CORE LEARNING
DOMAINS LEARNING AREAS
AREAS
Motor Development
Edukasyong
Pagpapakatao
Numeracy
Language Development
Transition Paradigm
Araling Panlipunan
Cognitive Development Science
Component 3 provides the curricular themes for integrating the five (5) learning areas to develop the six (6) domains for the holistic and
functional development of the kindergartner. This curricular theme adheres to Brofenbenner’s Bio-ecological Theory that defines “layers of
environment, each having an effect on a child’s environment.”
1. Myself – concepts and ideas that help the learners understand him/herself better so that he/she will develop as an individual.
2. My Family – concepts, ideas, practices that guide the child to be responsible and proud of himself and his family.
3. My School – concepts, ideas, practices, and situations that help the child understand how to be an individual and socialize with other
learners, teachers, school personnel, and other members of the school.
4. My Community– concepts, ideas, practices, situations, and responsibilities that the learner should acquire and understand so that he/she
will become functional and responsive member of the community.
5. More Things Around Me – all other concepts, ideas, practices, situations and responsibilities not covered by themes 1-4 but which may be
relevant to the community, culture, and interest of the learner.
My Community
My School
My Family
Myself
Figure 3
Acquires attitudes, knowledge and skills shows sufficient energy to participate in daily activities
about physical activity for maintaining (Physical Fitness)
physically fit lifestyles
Safety Identifies and practices appropriate • demonstrate safety practices at home, in school, at the
safety procedures playground, and
the neighborhood
Shows awareness of community helpers
Participates in self safety.
Self-Help Acquires attitudes, knowledge and skills Demonstrates adequate sensory processing to carry out
about self-care and daily living habits skills of daily life
participates in mealtime activities with increasing
Acquires knowledge , attitudes and skills independence
with optimal independence in areas of Participates actively in dressing
daily life. Participates actively in self care
Measurement Understands the concept of time, Observes sunrise and sunset to tell the time of the day
length, and the non-standard units to (morning, noontime, evening)
measure them Tells the days in a week and months in a year
Measures and compares the length of familiar objects
using non-standard units
COGNITIVE – PHYSICAL Knows the similarities and differences People
AND NATURAL of living things Identifies the similarities and differences of people
ENVIRONMENT Knows that living things are made up Identifies the body parts of people and their specific
of parts that have specific functions functions
Identifies the five senses to observe surroundings and
classifying objects observed
Animals
Identifies the similarities and differences of animals
Sorts animals according to shared characteristics
(movement, habitat)
Describes the basic needs of animals
Identifies ways to care for animals
Plants
Identifies plants that are edible and non-edible
Describes the basic parts of the plants and its function
Identifies ways to care for plants
Knows that the weather changes and
COGNITIVE- Listening
LANGUAGES discriminate sounds distinguishes different types of sounds
DEVELOPMENT listens to directions follows simple direction
listens to stories comprehends simple and familiar stories
Speaking
expresses oneself increase his/her vocabulary for describing things and expressing ones
asks and answers feeling
questions answer and responds to questions accordingly
shares information increase his/her vocabulary in sharing information
tells stories narrate simple and familiar stories
Pre-reading (Reading Readiness)
acquires awareness of discriminate similarities and differences between pictures and objects
directions necessary in classify objects according to function
learning to read note details in pictures
acquires awareness of visualize objects and pictures from memory
similarities and differences comprehend picture stories
visualizes pictures or perform relevant study skills
objects even when these listen attentively to stories, poems/rhymes
would be hidden from view
familiarizes himself with the
use of books
appreciates
stories/poems/rhymes
listened to
Writing
acquires proper skills in hold pencil properly
holding writing materials draw basic strokes correctly
and in writing basic strokes trace lines and shapes
acquires basic skills in trace letters, numbers, and one’s name properly
tracing lines and shapes copy lines, shapes, letters, numbers, and one’s name properly
acquires basic skills in
tracing letters, numbers,
and one’s name
acquires basic skills in
copying letters, shapes,
numbers, and one’s name
-gusto
iba
Well Being Identifies and • demonstrates safety practices at 5. Observes safety routines at home
practices home keeps toys in their proper places
appropriate . avoids sharp objects
safety plugs and unplugs electrical appliances correctly
procedures goes up and down stairs correctly
climbs up and down poles and trees cautiously
Self-Help
Acquires participates in mealtime 6. Demonstrates the following with phasing, physical
knowledge, activities with increasing prompting and cueing:
attitudes and independence Drinking liquids through a straw
skills with Using cup/sippy cup for drinking
graduating Drinking liquids from a container
independence Using table napkins
in areas of daily 7. Explores new food textures and tastes
life. 8. Demonstrates table manners appropriate to setting
8.1 Feeds oneself , using proper utensils
(e.g. spoon, fork)
8.2 Uses words like “Please pass” when asking
for more, “Thank you,”
3.3 Passes bowl to table companions
9. Pours small amount of liquid with little spills
Domain 3: Motor Development
Speaking Expresses oneself Increases his/her 4 Uses simple greetings and courteous
vocabulary for describing expressions in appropriate situations
things and expressing 4.1 Good Morning/Afternoon
one’s feeling 4.2 Thank You/ You’re Welcome
4.3Excuse Me/I’m Sorry
4.4Please…/May I…
Writing Pre-writing
acquires proper skills in holds pencil properly 8. Holds pencil properly/correctly
holding writing materials draws basic strokes 9.Draws basic strokes
and in writing basic correctly 9.1 down
strokes 9.2 across
9.3 slant right
9.4 slant left
9.5 circle
Domain 6: Aesthetic and Creative Development
Appreciates the visual Identifies the various art 4. Views and appreciates drawings and
arts forms paintings in exhibits in a museum,
Demonstrates interest library or other venue
and enjoyment in viewing 5.. Points to drawings or paintings that
works of art they like or appreciate
6. Tells why they like, appreciate or
think the painting is best for them
Choose visual arts that
7.Identifies basic drawing materials like
they prefer
pencils, crayons, rulers, and
bond papers
Uses a variety of discarded plastic cups, spoons,
materials, tools, Participates in the forks, etc
techniques, and creation of visual art leaves, roots, dried flowers,
processes in visual arts twigs, stems etc.
Creates visual arts using paint,paint brushes, water
different materials colors, and bond papers
8 .Draws and paints simple objects
based on a visual model (e.g. ball, atis,
car, etc.)
Well Being Identifies and practices • demonstrates safety 5. Recognizes when to get out of danger (e.g.,
appropriate safety practices at home moves out of the way of others, identifies safety
procedures hazards in play or real life) during
5.1 typhoons,
5.2 Floods and tsunami
5.3 fire
5.4 earthquake
5.5 volcanic erruptions
6. Shows how to avoid environmental hazards
Stays in safe places during typhoons and
floods
Applies preventive and active measures
before,during and after the above.
Does and practices safety measures (e.g.
duck-cover-hold)
Self-Help
Acquires knowledge, participates in 7. Tells which are considered healthy foods to eat
attitudes and skills mealtime activities with when presented with several foods
about self-care and increasing 8. Tolerates a variety of textures and tastes in food.
daily living habits with independence 9. Partcipates in mealtime activities
optimal independence 9.1 Helps set the table by placing utensils
correctly while being prompted
9.2 Serves self at the table while parent holds
serving dish
9.3 Uses knife or spoon in spreading sandwich
filling
9.4 Clears place at the table after eating
Speaking Asks and answers questions Answers and responds to 2. Answers questions about oneself
properly questions accordingly and one’s family (e.g. What is your
name?; Where do you live; What is
the name of your father/mother?,
etc.)
3. Expresses feelings, thoughts, and
ideas
Writing
Tracing
acquire basic skills in trace lines and shapes (Begin with chalkboard and wide paper
tracing lines and shapes exercises moving gradually to ruled pad
paper)
Well Being Identifies and practices • demonstrates safety 2. Uses playground facilities properly
appropriate safety practices in playground 3. Communicates safety concerns to others
procedures (e.g., “something’s burning,” noting a
participates in self stranger, concern for others).
safety. 4. Requests assistance in unsafe situations
(e.g., avoiding strangers, fire, strange
animals).
Knows the basic parts of Identifies the basic parts 12. Observes that plants have
plants in the community and functions of plants basic parts
and their functions found in the community 13. Names the basic parts of
plants
14. Identifies the functions of the
basic parts of plants
Knows the similarities and Identifies plants as edible 15. Identifies edible plants
differences of plants in the and not edible 16. Identifies non-edible plants
community
Knows how to take careof Identifies ways to care for 17. Demonstrates ways to care
plants plants for plants
Domain 5: Language Development
Pagkilala sa sarili bilang Natutukoy ang mga 1. Nasasabi kung sinu-sino ang
kabahagi ng pamayanan katulong sa pamayanan mga taong makapagkakatiwalaan
sa pamayanan
- mga kamag-anak na malapit
ang bahay
- mga malapit at kilalang
kapitbahay
Safety Identifies and • demonstrates safety 2. Follows adult supervised safety routines (e.g., fire
practices appropriate practices in neighborhood drills, crossing the street)
safety procedures
Self-Help Acquires knowledge , Shows awareness of roles
attitudes and skills in of community helpers 3. Identifies community roles (e.g., policeman,
areas of daily life with fireman, nurse, doctor, dentist).
optimal 4. Knows where to seek appropriate help (e.g.,
independence. barangay tanod, policeman).
COGNITIVE – Knows that weather Observes the changes 8 Tells and describes the different kinds of
PHYSICAL AND changes and that it in weather weather using picture cues:
NATURAL affects people Tells the different kinds 8.1Sunny
ENVIRONMENT of weather 8.2 Rainy
8.3 Cloudy
8.4 Stormy
8.5 Windy
Pre-reading (Reading
Readiness) Comprehension
listening attentively
making proper reactions at appropriate moments
looking at picture books on his own
Writing Copying
Describes the
characteristics of the
drama that they prefer
Uses a variety of Responds to dynamics 4. Acts out simple gestures following their favorite
materials, tools, using creative actors and/or actresses
techniques, and movement
processes in drama Role plays a story 5. Familiarizes himself/herself with the props that
are used in a dramatic play
6. Names the props used in a dramatic plays
Participates in the
creation of a drama
Role plays a story 7. Acts out in a simple dramatic play with the
teacher’s prompting
References:
Portage Guide to early Education
Curriculum Development Division BEE. (Copyright, 2011)Standards and Competencies for Five- Year Old Filipino Children Vibal Publishing
House,Inc.: 1253 G. Araneta Ave. Quezon City
Curriculum Development Division BEE (n.d.). National Kindergarten Curriculum Guide 2011. DepEd and UNICEF
Republic Act 10157
National Kindergarten Act