DYNAMICS

System of Particles

Ali Bakhshi, Ph.D, P.E.

Associate Professor, and
Director of Earthquake Simulation National LAB
Head of Earthquake Engineering Research Center
Civil Engineering Department, Room 422
Sharif University of Technology
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ‪Generalized Newton’s‬‬
‫‪Second Law‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻱ ‪ j‬ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻱ ‪ i‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ fij‬ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻱ ‪ i‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ Fi‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫‪II‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪:‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪III‬‬
‫‪Linear and Angular Momentum‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪of a System of Particles‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪Conservation of Momentum for a‬‬
‫‪System of Particles‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺴﻢ ‪10‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 30‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺴﻢ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪A‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﻤﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ‪20Kg‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ ‪ O‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ u=300 m/s‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ x-z‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺧﻤﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ ‪ P‬ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ A , B , C‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ A‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪ 500m‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ‬
‫‪ P‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ B‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ‪ vB‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ Q‬ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ A , B , C‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 5 , 9 , 6 Kg‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ C‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪) .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺟﻮ ﭼﺸﻢ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺧﻤﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ ‪:P‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺧﻤﭙﺎﺭﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ A‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ‪ 24.5s B‬ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻤﭙﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
Principle of Impulse and Momentum ‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
for a System of Particles
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪Motion of the Mass Center‬‬
‫‪of a System of Particles‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪Angular Momentum of a‬‬
‫‪System of Particles about‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬
‫‪It’s Mass Center‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ’‪ Gx’y’z‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ‪ Oxyz‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ’‪ Gx’y’z‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺮﻭﻧﺪ ‪ G‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪Kinetic Energy of a‬‬
‫‪System of Particles‬‬

‫‪,‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬

 ‫‪Work-Energy Principle‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
‫‪Conservation of Energy for a‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪System of Particles‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ U1→2‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪) V1=120j‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺮ ( ﻭ ‪ v0=8 m/s‬ﻭ ‪θ=30o‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺫﺭﻩ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ؟‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺫﺭﻩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :‬ﭘﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬

‫‪II‬‬

‫‪47o‬‬ ‫‪16.7o‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ V0‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ ‪ D‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ‪ CD‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(mA=mB=mC=m‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ(ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻱ ‪D‬‬
‫ﺏ(ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ A,B‬ﺣﻮﻝ ‪D‬‬
‫ﺝ(ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ AD,BD‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪II‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪: AD , BD‬‬

‫‪III‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ‪ B‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ‪ mB‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﻨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ l‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺑﻪ ‪ A‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ‪ mA‬ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ‪ v0‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ )‪ (h‬ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ 6‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ‪ B‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺰﻳﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﻩ ﻱ ‪ 10‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ‪ A‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ B‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ A‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﻮﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺏ( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ A‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪Chapter Review‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫• ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬

‫• ﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻣﻨﺘﻢ )ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ( ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬

‫• ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫• ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫• ﺍﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬