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3 - NUTRITION and DISEASE

Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and osteoporosis are common diseases linked to nutrition. Poor nutrition can contribute to these conditions by causing nutrient deficiencies or excesses over time. Hypertension risks are increased by a high salt diet, excess alcohol, and low potassium. Atherosclerosis is affected by high cholesterol and saturated fat intake. Diabetes develops due to obesity, trans fats, refined sugars, and red meat. Osteoporosis risks are elevated by low calcium, vitamin D, and excess caffeine. Lifestyle changes to diet and exercise can help treat and prevent these diseases.

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67 views35 pages

3 - NUTRITION and DISEASE

Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and osteoporosis are common diseases linked to nutrition. Poor nutrition can contribute to these conditions by causing nutrient deficiencies or excesses over time. Hypertension risks are increased by a high salt diet, excess alcohol, and low potassium. Atherosclerosis is affected by high cholesterol and saturated fat intake. Diabetes develops due to obesity, trans fats, refined sugars, and red meat. Osteoporosis risks are elevated by low calcium, vitamin D, and excess caffeine. Lifestyle changes to diet and exercise can help treat and prevent these diseases.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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NUTRITION and DISEASE

WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANT?


• Short term, poor nutrition can
contribute to stress, tiredness and our
capacity to work.
• Over time, poor nutrition can increase
the risk of developing disease.
• Some are caused by nutrient
deficiencies while others are
caused by consuming nutrients
in excess.
• Here, we will look at a few of the most
common conditions tied to nutrition.
1) HYPERTENSION
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• Hypertension is high blood pressure.
• A blood pressure measurement is made up of 2 numbers:
• The top number is the systolic pressure.
• Pressure in arteries when the heart contracts.
• The bottom number is the diastolic pressure.
• Pressure in arteries when the heart relaxes.

• Ideal blood pressure is 120/80.


• Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure of 140/90
or higher.
WHY IS
HYPERTENSION
DANGEROUS?
• It predisposes people
to major cardiovascular
disorders such as heart
attack and stroke.
WHAT DIETARY FACTORS AFFECT HYPERTENSION?
• A diet high in salt.
• Consuming 2+ drinks/day
(men), 1+ drink/day (women).
• A diet low in potassium (OJ,
bananas, salmon, fruit and
veg, milk, grains).
• Non-dietary factors include
smoking, weight and
exercise.
HOW IS IT TREATED?
• Lifestyle changes
• Reduce salt intake
• Limit alcohol
• Stop smoking
• Increase exercise
• Lose weight
• Reduce caffeine
• Reduce stress
• Medication
2) ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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• Atherosclerosis is the
narrowing and eventual
closure of arteries that
feed the heart and brain.
• Plaque (fat, cholesterol,
etc.) accumulates along the
artery wall leading to
hardened, narrow arteries
with less elasticity.
WHY IS ATHEROSCLEROSIS DANGEROUS?
• If left unchecked, can lead to heart attack or stroke.
WHAT DIETARY FACTORS AFFECT ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
• A diet high in cholesterol
and saturated fats.
• Diet low in fruits &
vegetables, fibre and
unsaturated fats.
• Non-dietary factors
include smoking, high
blood pressure, weight.
HOW IS IT TREATED?
• Lifestyle changes
• Diet low in cholesterol
and saturated fat
• Increase fibre and
unsaturated fats
• Exercise
• Medications
• Surgical Interventions
• Angioplasty
• Bypass
ANGIOPLASTY
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BYPASS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw6OKJu07NE
3) DIABETES
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• When someone has diabetes, their body is unable to regulate
blood glucose levels.
• Food provides your body with glucose.
• That glucose needs to get into your cells so that it can be
broken down and the energy stored in it can be released
and used.
• INSULIN acts as the key that unlocks the cells so the
glucose can get in.
• If you have diabetes, the key (insulin) either isn’t there, or
doesn’t fit in the lock. As a result, the sugar stays in the
blood, and doesn’t get into the cells to be used.
WHY IS DIABETES DANGEROUS?
• It can affect nerves,
skin, heart, kidney,
eyes.
• It can lead to heart
attack, stroke, kidney
disease, foot and leg
amputations,
blindness, dementia.
TYPES OF DIABETES
• TYPE 1: Pancreas does not produce insulin.
• Genetic - you are born with it and will always have it.
• TYPE 2: Insulin is not doing its job and leaves excess sugar in
the bloodstream.
• Develops over time due to lifestyle factors.
• Accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases.
• GESTATIONAL DIABETES: May occur during pregnancy, and
typically goes away after.
WHAT DIETARY FACTORS AFFECT DIABETES?
• Type 2 diabetes develops over time as a result of:
• Obesity: Fat cells produce hormones and other chemical
messengers that interfere with insulin uptake.
• Trans fat: Promotes belly fat and can alter structure of
cell membranes, making them resistant to insulin.
• Refined sugars increase blood glucose levels and the
need for insulin.
• Examples: sweets, refined grains, soft drinks, etc.
• High intake of red meat and processed meat.
HOW IS IT TREATED?
• Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin.
• Must regularly test blood sugar and
treat as necessary (eat sugar if it’s too
low, insulin injection if it’s too high).
• Type 2 diabetes can be regulated with
weight loss and dietary changes (reduced
alcohol and coffee consumption, reducing
red meat intake, reducing/eliminating
refined sugars).
• May require insulin injections.
4) OSTEOPOROSIS
• Osteoporosis occurs when bones lose more density
than normal.
• Bones become thin, porous and weak.
WHY IS OSTEOPOROSIS DANGEROUS?
• Makes bones weak and
prone to fracture.
• Something as minor as a
cough can cause a fracture.
• Can cause back pain caused
by spinal compression and
fractures in the vertebrae.
WHAT DIETARY FACTORS AFFECT OSTEOPOROSIS?
• Not enough calcium in the diet.
• Not enough vitamin D.
• Excessive caffeine intake.
• Other factors:
• Age
• Sex
• Smoking
• Low levels of physical activity
• Menopause
• Family history
HOW IS IT TREATED?
• Increase calcium intake.
• Increase vitamin D.
• Stop smoking.
• Medications can slow
deterioration and help
rebuild bone mass.

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