b x <9 is equivalent to... x < 36 | y <6 is equivalent to y- 5 <4 Equations and inequalities > 4.1. Constructing and solving equations construct (algebra) sector struct, or write, ‘When you are given a problem to solve, you ean constr an equation to help you solve the problem. solve ee then solve your equations. Write an equation to represent each problem, number, then adds 3. Then he doubles then, @ Xavier thinks of a number. He doubles the nu The answer is 70. What number did Xavier think of first? b 120 sweets are shared between some children. Each child gets 8 sweets. How many children are there? Call the number x You can use any letter. Double it and add 3. Double 2x + 3 is 70. Now solve the equation. Divide both sides by 2. Subtract 3 from both sides. Divide both sides by 2. The number is 16. b Call the number of children c ‘You can use any letter. 120 _ 1 . Sab Write the equation. Now solve the equation. 120 = 8c lultiply by ¢, to remove c from the denominator RG 3 both sides by 8. c=15 141 Ci i ig ‘onstructing and Solvin, equati ercise 44 Copy and complete the workings to solve these equations, 30 b 53-2x)=9 ¢ B5=1) (-1tox=9 : -10x =9- -10x = er He b -2x+8=14 © 12-324 e a-15=4at3 f $+3a=-3-Sa ho z+11=35-52 equation by first multiplying out the brackets. the equation by first dividing both sides by 2. ‘method in parts a and b, Can you improve Question. Solve the equation 2(x + 8) = 3(6 -x) Answer 2x + 8 = 18 - 3x -x+8=18 x= 26 answer is correct. ind ¢ with othe \e=rners in your class.Nef = 5x + 25 S Jacob and Zander solve the equation 10(x ~ 4) oY ai = Lscob starts to solve the equation by multiplying brackets, Complete Jacob’s solution. ; 5 Zander starts to solve the equation by dividing both sides o| the equation by 5. Complete Zander's solution. © Critique Jacob and Zander’s methods. Whose method do you Prefer? Explain why. , © Copy and complete the workings to solve these equations. “ a i. ee 21=7(e+2) JL e42 ] =e+2 HF L-te Zl Solve these equations. Check each of your answers by substituting the answer back into the equation. 31, oe a, = b f=21 ic 17 = 3(c + 2) 7 = 3¢4+6 17-6 = 3c4.1. Constructing and solving equations ffan's and Heidi's methods. Whose method do you prefer? ur answers to parts a and b with other learners in the class. t hese equations using your favourite method. ii Soria 5 iii 4 =10 ite method still Oo ite method? Explain your answer. ‘Write an expression for i Adeline’s age in 10 years’ time fi Adeline’s age 6 years ago. Use the information from Adeline to write an equation for 4. ¢ Solve the equation to find __ Adeline’s age now. sides of a aes in centimetres, are 2(x + 3), 7x - 5 In 10 years' time, | willbe twice as old as | was 6 years ago. ere arate 48 cx, ‘an equation for x. your equation to find the value of x. out the lengths of the three sides of the triangle. i triangle and this rectangle have a+7om a+3cm Iengths of the sides of the shapes. Teal chart with x equal size sectors. at the angle of each sector is 24°. vo of these equations represent the situation? 360 _ nee 360 = 24 c =m 24-360 = f the equations in part a. ers to decide if you chose the correct two equations ae so1 3 bere are y learners tween the learne 2 Write an equation to represent this § your equation, There are 2 more learne Mrs Leclere class 9S. They Write an equation to represent th € — Solve both of your equations to find ther class 9T. a ~ . r equations? d In parte, is the value for,y the same in both sk my If not, check to see where you have made a mistake, ie number of learners in 1 each part of this question individually write an equation to represent the SoD compare the equation you have written with the scuaions written by the a members of your group. Decide who has written the correct equation inj," easiest way iii solve the equation you chose in parti @ Xavier thinks of a number. He multiplies the number by 5, then adds 12. The answer is the same as when he multiplies his number by 10 and then subies What number did he think of? b Anders thinks of a number. He subtracts 5, then multiplies the result by 12. The answer is the same as when he adds 1 to the number, then multiplies the res: by 4. What number did he think of? Sasha thinks of a number. She multiplies her number by 5, then subtracts 4. The " answer is the same as 2 times the number plus 20. What number did Sasha think ficia thinks of a number. She adds 7 to the number, then divides 75 by the resi e answer is 5. What number did Alicia think of? thinks of a number. He doubles the number, then divides 126 by the result swer is 9. What number did Jake think of? Work in a group of three or four. Fo diagram shows the sizes of the two equal angles in an isosceles triangle. Write an equation to represent the situation. b Solve your equation to find the value of x. ti Work out the size of all three of the angles in the triangle. a i c 7 ‘4,2 Simultaneous equations Write a problem to represent each equation, i vtAvtN+3W+2 +4e4+3)=80 HE 6Ba-4)= 30-3) th LH = 15 b Solve the equations in part a, ra qame hon eM Pome method of elimination The sum of two numbers is 37. The difference between the two numbers | method of is 13. What are the numbers? substitution Call the numbers x and y. Then: x + y = 37 and x- y= 13 simultaneous Now you have two equations and two unknowns. These are simultaneous | equations equations. You need to find the values of x and y that solve both tions simultaneously. There is only one value for x and one value fory for which both of the equations are true. Tn this case, x = 25 and y = 12 because 25 + 12 = 37 and 25 ~ 12= 13. Solve these simultaneous equations: y=3xtlandy=x+9 Answer Step1 3x+1=x+9 You know from the first equation that y = 3x +1 so you can use the method of substitution and substitute the y in the second equation with 3x + 1. 3x-x=9-1 Rearrange the equation to get the xs on one side and the numbers on the other side. Solve as normal to find the value of x.Step2 y=3x+1 =3x441 =13 Step3 y=x+9 =449 substitute x = 4 into the value for y- If you don’t get the sam Clearly write your 4! Substitute ¥ = 4 into either of the equati ye value, at the end of your working. ions to find the val eo other equation to check you get they an you have made a mistake, Work out x. Step 2: Work out y. and complete the workings to solve the equations y= 5x-3 =5x 2) ra and y= Solve the simultaneous equations y eT y=5x-3 Step 3: Check values are correct. y= 2x+15 =2x[_J+15 = |+15 taneous equations y = 2x — | i : andy=x+4 simultaneous equations y = x + 9 and y=3x+14.2 Simultaneous equations On graph paper, draw a coordinate grid from 0 to 6 ani eS on the prone gi m 0 to 6 on the x-axis and Plot the points from your tables on the grid and draw the straight lines yr3v+landyayr+ 9 Write the coordinates of the points where your two lines intersect. What do you notice about your answers to part ¢, and the solution to the simultaneous equations in Worked example 4.2? Discuss your answer to part d with other learners in your class. In general, what can you say about the solution of two simultaneous equations and the coordinates of the point where the lines of the two equations intersect? imultaneous equations using aay a graphical method For the graphical method, use the same method as fi analgebraic method. y=3xandy=x+4 Check that your answers to part ai and aii are the in Question 5. same. For the algebraic Which method do you prefer, the graphical or the method, use the algebraic method? Explain why. same method as in questions 1 to 4. simultaneous equations. 3x+1and5x=y+3 =4y-2andy+x=8 methods you used in part a with other sin your class. e various methods and decide which method to use.4 Equations and inequalities . P ‘ =25 8 Sergio and Fausta solve the simultaneous equations x + 2) © and 4x = 3y + 10. They both use the method of substituht “This is what they oa but their methods are slightly different. Fausta Rearrange x + 3y = 25 > 3y =25_ | Substitute By = 25 -* into bx = 3y 4, : Sergio Inge x + 3y = 25> x = 25 - 3y tute x = 25 — By into 4x = 3y +10 a8 ees neces 10 100 - 12y = 3y + 10 5x = 35 100 ~ 10 = 3y + 12y xoBa7 2. Substitute x = 7 into 3y = 25-x Bye 7 = 6 into x = 25-3) By = 18 25-18 =7 yee eg Check in second equation: x6 +10—> 28 = 287 bx7=3x6 +10 28 = 280 ce 6 x= Jandy = 6 ‘Use Sergio’s method to solve these simultaneous equations. x + 2y=17and For parti, rearrange x + 2y = 17 to get 3x=4y +11 x =... For part ii, rearrange 2x + y = 28 toget 2x +y=28 and y=... OR rearrange 4y = x + 22 to get x= 4y=x+22 Use Fausta’s method to solve these ultaneous equations. x+2y=8and For parti, rearrange x + 2y = 8 to get 2)=~ 5x=2y+4 For part ii, rearrange 3x + 2y = 28 to get 3x + 2y = 28 and OR rearrange 3y = 3x + 12 to get 3y=3xt 12 9 Solve each pair of simultaneous equations. Use your favourite algebraic method. aeesty-7 by ytx=19) es) =18 =2x-8 = ya2x x=Sy+l or 10 a> ‘42 Simultaneous equations sofia and Zara solve the simul q 10 and 2+ =0. aneous Cquations » = 3( 4 5) ead what they say. think the answer are X= ~3 ang pac | think the answers are x = 3 and y = Iseither of them correct? Explain your answer oa and show your fua uses the method of eliminati t " a elimination to solve the simultaneous x+y=37andx-y=13, This is what she writes, Step 2: Subutitute x = 25 into the fist eq a 25 +y = 37 y = 37-25 =12 Eo Step 3: Check in second equation S 25-12=13V Step ls: State answers n Afua adds the two equations, she eliminates the ys as @ is positive and one is negative: y + -) = Oy =0 hod of elimination to copy and complete the workings se simultaneous equations.a oxty=S0andx-y=4 Step 1: Add the two equations. =50 Step 2: Substitute x= [into the first equa io, oxL_]+7=50 " : y=50-[_] Step 3: Check in second equation. Step 4: State answers. x=[_Jandy= Step 2: Substitute y =[_Jinto the first equation xt4x[_]=4l x=41-L] Step 3: Check in second equation. o+2*O0-O Step 4: State answers. x=[_Jand y= tute y = [_]into the first equation: 38 Step 2: Substit 3x+2Xx 3x = 38- eee. x (i x 3 ie Step 3: Check in second equation. 3xL-L= Step 4: State answers. x=[Jandy=[] ae4.2 Simulta ous equations PRUE ee ern ss aha Look at the following simultaneous equations. Discuss with a partner how you can decide whether you need to add or subtract the equations in each part when you solve them using elimination, In one part you can do either. Which partis it? i Hiixtey=9 iti 2x4 yelo iv 3x+2y=37 Q x+2y=1 3x-y=21 xt 2y=19 b Discuss your answers to part a with other learners in the class, ¢ Describe a general rule you can follow to help you to decide when you should add or subtract simultaneous equations when you solve them using elimination. d Onyour own, solve the simultaneous equations in part a using elimination. Check your workings and answers with your partner, enn Work with a partner for this activity. Here are five equation cards. B | Sxty=48 c | x4+y=24 E | x=3y-48 a Choose two cards. Ask your partner to solve the simultaneous equations you _ have chosen. Make sure you give your partner a different pair of equations to the pair they choose for you. ‘Use your favourite method to solve the equations, then ask your partner to check ir working and answers. pare your answers with your partner's answers, Did you get the same answers? se simultaneous equations, Use any method. b y=2x-12 ee d 6x +Tp=49 3x - Ty = 14Solve these simuttancous mettions using a graphical Method. - Wyss Wet yey Show that your values fo Vand y are correet by Substituting them into both equations nge both equations to make Rearran ) the Subj draw tables of values for x = 0) > ang ei then dra el e hi Id to use a grap) hen you are tol ‘ rit use an algebraic method mu: cal meth> 4.3 Inequalities Here is an equation: Dene To solve it, first subtract 3, ey ‘Then divide by 2. om i Now here is an inequality: 2y +3 < the same way as an equation, First subtract 3. Then divide by 2. 10. You can solve an inequality in 2x<7 x<3.5 The solution set is any value of x less than 3.5, You can show this on a number line: es eet: ) 4 5 6 The open circle (0) shows that 3.5 is not included. ans ‘is less than’ ans ‘is less than or equal to’ | ans ‘is greater than’ ‘is greater than or equal to’ of this triangle is at least 50 cm. xem inequality to show this. xt 2 solution set on a number line. te 43 Inequalities inequality solution set The solution to | an equation is a | single value. t — ~ The solution to | an inequality isa | | For the solution x*53.5,35is | included and | you would use a closed circle (@) on your number line. 2cem«ror the perimeter of the ti write an expression ie Thang and simplily. easy P sty using 2. At least 50° mean, te the inequality using 55 wri : more’. —* subtract 5 from both sides. : ax aa Divide both sides by 3. i that 15s in the s c o—-__ The closed circle (@) shows ching MISBINECWGNau1 Is 20 25 30 i Exercise 4.3 1 Write an inequality to describe each of these sol jution sets. Bowesya2 0 2 4 Epmismsio 550 5 (10 15 2 —} AS02006 «10 2 30 40 10 20 e solution sets on a number line. bee xs —3 cme x0) ; e 0 6.5 value of N when N < -3 ff N when -2 10 bo dy+1s17 gaaic”® d 341) >-6 4 Sol c show each solution set in Question 4 on a number line, , Solve the inequality 4x +5 < 17 What methods can you use to check that your solution set is correct? your answers to part b with other learners in your class. 3C7+2)<52x-7-5 =15 < -19 (false) shows he has made a mistake. at Franco’s working and find the mistake he =-12,iix=-11 andi J=2x-5 is shows that the correct solution set is x < —11 olution set to the inequality 4(2y + 3) - Sy <18-y into 4(2y +3) -Sy<18-)h solution sete 9 Solve these inequalities. Cheek &° a Yat+4)<15 b 3b-4>b+18 c e+ 18 S30-¢ 7 +3e d Xdt+5)>W-0) prone tan 30 2n+ 3em em, triangle is nol to show this: 10. The perimeter of th @ Write an inequality b Solve the inequality. © Whatare the largest possible 2n + 2cm lengths of the sides? Ea aT —6 s the differences in their methods at the fourth line of each solution. understand how each method works? ethod do you prefer, Sergey's or Natalia's? Explain why. answers to part a with other learners in your class. ‘solution to the inequality 2(x - 8) = 4x — 26 is x < 5 jualities. Check each solution set. b -4x<-20 d 6-x>19 f 4-10x <20~2x> 4.3 Inequalities Thisis how Filipe solves ~1 26-9 5 Solve these inequalities. Repres 3