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Molecular Assignment 1 1

This document contains a student's answers to assignment questions on molecular biology. In response to question 1, the student lists similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Similarities include that both use RNA polymerase, go through initiation, elongation and termination, and use one DNA strand as a template. Differences include that eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus while prokaryotic transcription is in the cytoplasm, and that eukaryotes use multiple RNA polymerases while prokaryotes use one. The student provides additional details on the transcriptional process in each.

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Bakhtawar Naseem
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22 views

Molecular Assignment 1 1

This document contains a student's answers to assignment questions on molecular biology. In response to question 1, the student lists similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Similarities include that both use RNA polymerase, go through initiation, elongation and termination, and use one DNA strand as a template. Differences include that eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus while prokaryotic transcription is in the cytoplasm, and that eukaryotes use multiple RNA polymerases while prokaryotes use one. The student provides additional details on the transcriptional process in each.

Uploaded by

Bakhtawar Naseem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

Molecular Biology

Submitted By
Bakhtawar Naseem

Registration No.
SP19-BSI-014

Submitted To
Ms Pasha Ghazal

Date
2nd May, 2020
Question no # 1
List similarities and difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
transcription.
Similarities:
• In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription is facilitated by enzyme called RNA
polymerases which requires additional factors for promotors recognition.
• Both goes through initiation, elongation and termination phases.
• In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, one strand of DNA duplex acts as a template for
RNA syntheses.
• RNA syntheses in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is quite similar, it occurs from 5’
to 3’ direction.
• TATA box promotors are the recognition sites during initiation in both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes.

Differences:
Eukaryotic Transcription Prokaryotic Transcription

• Takes place in nucleus. • Takes place in cytoplasm

• RNA polymerases I, II and III • Only one type of RNA polymerases


synthesizes rRNA, mRNA and found in prokaryotes which is
tRNA. responsible for the synthesis of all
type of RNA.

• Initiation requires transcription • Initiation for transcription does not


factors such as TFIIA, TFIIB, need any protein or initiation factor.
TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIH and TFIIF.

• TATA box has two short sequences • TATA box has short DNA
–10 and –35 upstream to promotes sequences found at 25-35 base pairs
for binding. upstream from the start site of
transcription.

• Elongation rate is 22 to 25 • Elongation rate is 50 to 90


nucleotide per second. nucleotide per second.

• Elongation factors which are present • No such as elongation factors are


in eukaryotes perform different present in eukaryotes.
functions.
• Transcriptional machinery is • Transcriptional machinery is simple
complex because of the Histone. because of no Histone.

• RNA polymerase cannot recognize • σ factor assist RNA polymerase to


promotor unless preoccupied by recognise and bind to promotor.
factors.

• Proof reading in eukaryote is • Proof reading in prokaryotes is


complex. RNA polymerase selects simple. They just pause when a mis
correct nucleotide triphosphate paired base is found and resume it
substrate to prevent errors. from 3’ of a transcript.

• Termination depends upon poly(A) • Termination is rho-dependent or rho-


signal and downstream terminator independent.
sequence.

• Protein CPSF and CSTF bind to the • There are terminators sequence GC
cleavage site and release pre mRNA rich hair pins and three string hybrid
by cleaving it. regions participate in termination.

• Usually promoter region is upstream • Promotor region located upstream to


but in case of RNA III, it is start site.
downstream to start site.

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