MODULE 1

Chemistry: The Central Science

INTRODUCTION:
If organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds and their
derivatives, inorganic chemistry can be described broadly as the chemistry of "every-thing
else." This includes all the remaining elements in the periodic table, as well as carbon, which
plays a major role in many inorganic compounds. Organ metallic
chemistry, a very large and rapidly growing field, bridges both areas by considering
compounds containing direct metal-carbon bonds, and includes catalysis of many organic
reactions. Bioinorganic chemistry bridges biochemistry and inorganic chemistry, and
environmental chemistry include
the study of both inorganic and organic compounds. As can be imagined, the inorganic realm
is extremely broad, providing essentially limitless areas for investigation.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Discuss the scope of Inorganic Chemistry
2. Trace the history of chemistry
3. Describe the branches of chemistry
4. Appreciate the importance of chemistry in daily activities
5. Manifest appreciation of the role of chemist in academe, government, and industry

DISCUSSION:
 HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000
BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various
branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores,
making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for
medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.
The 1871 periodic table constructed by Dmitri Mendeleev. The periodic table is one of the
most potent icons in science, lying at the core of chemistry and embodying the most
fundamental principles of the field.
The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter
and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results,
alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The distinction began to emerge when a clear
differentiation was made between chemistry and alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The
Sceptical Chymist (1661). While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and
its transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific method to their work. In fact,
chemistry is a highly interesting subject as it helps us to intrigue the world of atoms and
molecules. Many students across the globe take admission into the chemistry courses and
study various branches of chemistry. These further help them to decide the course of their
career and ensure their ultimate route to success.
Father of Chemistry
The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially
through the work of Willard Gibbs.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (UK: /læˈvwʌzieɪ/ lav-WUZ-ee-ay,[1] US: /ləˈvwɑːzieɪ/ lə-
VWAH-zee-ay, French: [ɑ̃twanlɔʁɑ̃ dəlavwazje]; 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794), also
Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was
central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the
history of chemistry and the history of biology. He is widely considered in popular literature
as the “father of modern chemistry”. It is generally accepted that Lavoisier’s great
accomplishments in chemistry stem largely from his changing the science from a qualitative
to a quantitative one. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in
combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), and opposed the
phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list
of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He predicted the existence of
silicon (1787) and was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than
a compound. He discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass
always remains the same.
Lavoisier was a powerful member of a number of aristocratic councils, and an administrator
of the Fermegénérale. The Fermegénérale was one of the most hated components of the
AncienRégime because of the profits it took at the expense of the state, the secrecy of the
terms of its contracts, and the violence of its armed agents. All of these political and
economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. At the height of the French
Revolution, he was charged with tax fraud and selling adulterated tobacco, and was
guillotined.
5 Branches of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry: The study of carbon and its compounds; the study of the chemistry of
life
Inorganic Chemistry: The study of compounds not covered by organic chemistry; the study
of inorganic compounds or compounds that don’t contain a C-H bond (many inorganic
compounds contain metals)
Analytical Chemistry: The study of the chemistry of matter and the development of tools to
measure properties of matter
Physical Chemistry: The branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry,
which commonly includes the applications of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics to
chemistry
Biochemistry: The study of chemical processes that occur inside of living organisms
There are other ways chemistry can be divided into categories. Other examples of branches of
chemistry might include polymer chemistry and geochemistry. Chemical engineering might
also be considered a chemistry discipline. There is also overlap between disciplines;
biochemistry and organic chemistry, in particular, share a lot in common.
Chemistry has a reputation for being a complicated and boring science, but for the most part,
that reputation is undeserved. Fireworks and explosions are based on chemistry, so it’s
definitely not a boring science. If you take classes in chemistry, you’ll apply math and logic,
which can make studying chemistry a challenge if you are weak in those areas. However,
anyone can understand the basics of how things work, and that’s the study of chemistry. In a
nutshell, the importance of chemistry is that it explains the world around you.
1. Organic chemistry

Carbon is one of the most widely studied elements in Chemistry. This is because it forms
a number of vital compounds with different elements, which hold a great significance in our
lives. Organic Chemistry is the branch of Chemistry which deals with the study of Carbon
and different compounds it forms with other elements such as hydrogen, halogens, nitrogen
and oxygen. Further, ‘Catenation’ is the property by virtue of which Carbon forms an
abundance of compounds with these elements. The different compounds which it forms are
known as ‘Organic Compounds’. By far, nearly 9 million organic compounds are known to
exist. This makes Organic Chemistry a very broad branch in itself.
Where is Organic Chemistry used?
Organic Chemistry holds a great significance in our lives as organic compounds are present
everywhere, around us. The most prominent spheres of life, where Organic Chemistry plays
an important role, have been mentioned below.
Life Support
Organic Chemistry forms the basis of life. This is because carbon and its compounds are the
primary constituents of all living cells.
Energy Generation
Hydrocarbons- the organic compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen, which we use in our daily
life as essential fuels such as natural gas, petroleum and coal, also form a part of organic
Chemistry. Thus, organic chemistry holds a great significance in energy generation.
Synthesis of Polymers
Organic Chemistry is used for the synthesis of polymers. These are long chain carbon
compounds, which have a wide range of usage from scientific research to our day to day life.
Some examples of polymers which we often use in our everyday life include rubber, nylon, a
wide range of plastics and bakelite.
Medicinal Purposes
The various compounds which are used for the synthesis of different medicines, are mostly
‘Organic Compounds’. Thus, organic chemistry plays a vital role in medicinal purposes.
Manufacturing of Soaps and Detergents
Organic Compounds act as surfactants. Thus, they are used in the manufacturing of soaps and
detergents. So, organic Chemistry finds important applications in the soap and detergent
industry.
2. Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry deals with the study of inorganic compounds, which are formed by
the combination of two or more chemical elements. Although majority of the compounds
formed by carbon with different elements are termed as ‘Organic Compounds’ and are
studied under ‘Organic Chemistry’, but the compounds of carbon which do not contain a
Carbon-Hydrogen bond including some carbonates and some cyanides are termed as
‘inorganic’ in nature and are studied under ‘Inorganic Chemistry’. Further, inorganic
compounds may be formed by any type of chemical bonding such as covalent bonding,
coordinate bonding, electrovalent bonding and metallic bonding.
Where is Inorganic Chemistry used?
‘Inorganic Chemistry’ is an extremely significant branch of Chemistry. It is due to the fact
that different inorganic compounds find numerous applications in our daily life as well as in
exceptional research works. There are a number of places where inorganic chemistry is used,
few of them are mentioned below for your knowledge.
Sustains life
Inorganic Chemistry plays an important role in the sustenance of life. This is because ‘water’
which is essential for our survival, is itself an inorganic compound. Not only this, table salt
which forms a crucial part of our diet, is chemically Sodium Chloride, which is again an
inorganic compound. This way, inorganic chemistry plays a vital role in maintaining the life
cycle.
Synthesis of Ammonia
Inorganic Chemistry is used in the synthesis of Ammonia. It is an extremely useful inorganic
compound which finds its usage in both households as well as the industrial sector. The
production of fertilizers, manufacture of household cleaning products and refrigeration are
some examples of prominent applications of Ammonia.
Medicinal applications
Inorganic compounds find a number of applications in the healthcare industry. Satraplatin,
Budotitane and sodium aurothiomalate are some examples of inorganic compounds which are
used for the treatment of dreary diseases like arthritis and cancer. Thus, inorganic chemistry
is widely used in medicinal applications.
Catalytic Applications
Catalytic Applications are one of the most important applications of inorganic chemistry.
Chemical reactions require some amount of energy to take place. This energy is known as
‘Activation Energy’. At times, when the activation energy required for chemical reactions to
take place is extremely high and it becomes difficult or challenging to supply it externally,
the role of catalysts comes into play. Catalysts lower down the energy of activation and thus,
promote the rate of the reaction. Vanadium oxide and Titanium(III) chloride are two
examples of extremely important inorganic catalysts.
Coating Applications
Coatings of inorganic materials serve an important purpose of corrosion protection.
Anodizing, porcelain enamel and conversion coatings are some examples of useful inorganic
coatings. Thus, inorganic Chemistry finds important application in the coating industry.
3. Analytical Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry is the branch of Chemistry which deals with determining the
constituents of the collected samples, by conducting quantitative as well as qualitative
analysis. In other words, analytical chemistry involves investigating the composition of a
sample with the help of different chemical techniques. The quantitative and qualitative
analysis conducted is used to ensure the safety of different materials for use in different
industries such as the food industry, cosmetic industry and healthcare industry. Thus,
Analytical Chemistry is an extremely important branch of Chemistry, which holds a great
significance for different industrial applications.
Where is Analytical Chemistry used?
Analytical Chemistry finds a number of applications in different fields, such as the ones
mentioned below:
Determination of expiry date of medicinal products
Medicinal Products also get expired. If consumed after the expiry date, medicines can do
more harm than good. Thus, it is crucial to determine the expiry dates of drugs and
medicines. It is only with the help of Analytical Chemistry that this determination becomes
possible.
Investigating for adulteration
Adulteration of different substances such as food products, cosmetics and drugs has become a
fairly common practice today. Analytical Chemistry is used for detecting signs of
adulteration in these substances.
Blood tests
Analytical Chemistry is also used to conduct blood tests. It enables the analytical chemists to
determine the levels of different constituents such as Glucose and Cholesterol in the collected
blood sample of an individual. This way, Analytical Chemistry plays a significant role in Lab
testing for healthcare purposes.
Environmental Analysis
With the increasing levels of environmental pollution, it has become crucial to conduct
regular health checks of the environment through environmental analysis. For this, different
Analytical Chemistry techniques are used and the composition of different chemical
constituents and effluents in the collected samples of environmental elements such as soil,
water and air is determined.
Forensic Science
Analytical Chemistry plays a vital role in forensic science. It enables forensic experts to
analyze and investigate the evidence collected from the crime scene. This way, analytical
chemistry helps in solving mysteries related to crime.
Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry is the branch of Chemistry which deals with the utilization of various
concepts of physics such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, time, force and energy for
understanding the behavior of matter. It is with the applications of these concepts that you
being a physical chemistry aspirant are set forward to analyze matter at both the atomic as
well as the molecular level. You are also required to analyze the different types of chemical
reactions which take place between atoms and molecules of different substances.
Where is Physical Chemistry used?
Physical Chemistry is an important branch of Chemistry, which finds an abundance of
applications in different fields. You can easily analyze its uses, by reading the section below.
Development of materials
Physical Chemistry is used in the development of smart and advanced materials such as
plastics, ceramics, surfactants and personal care products.
Medicinal applications
Physical Chemistry finds a number of applications in the healthcare sector such as conducting
studies of drug utilization processes and procedures, studies of medicinal errors and
collecting useful data for clinical purposes.
Environmental Analysis
The earth and its environment is being polluted by a number of chemical substances which
are being released into it. Physical Chemistry and various principles associated with it such as
equilibrium, spontaneity and chemical kinetics are used to find solutions to the chemical
problems which are posing a big threat to the natural environment.

Generation of electrical energy

The different types of electric cells and batteries we use, are developed and produced by
using the principles of electrochemistry, which form an integral part of physical chemistry.
Thus, physical chemistry is used in the generation of electricity, by the conversion of
chemical energy into electrical energy in cells and batteries.
Photochemical Applications
Photochemistry is an important part of physical chemistry. Thus, physical chemistry finds a
number of photochemical applications such as investigation of smog formation, advanced
paints and primers and for the development of photodegradable plastics.
4. Physical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry is the branch of Chemistry which deals with the utilization of various
concepts of physics such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, time, force and energy for
understanding the behavior of matter. It is with the applications of these concepts that you
being a physical chemistry aspirant are set forward to analyze matter at both the atomic as
well as the molecular level. You are also required to analyze the different types of chemical
reactions which take place between atoms and molecules of different substances.
Where is Physical Chemistry used?
Physical Chemistry is an important branch of Chemistry, which finds an abundance of
applications in different fields. You can easily analyse its uses, by reading the section below.
Development of materials
Physical Chemistry is used in the development of smart and advanced materials such as
plastics, ceramics, surfactants and personal care products.
Medicinal applications
Physical Chemistry finds a number of applications in the healthcare sector such as conducting
studies of drug utilization processes and procedures, studies of medicinal errors and
collecting useful data for clinical purposes.
Environmental Analysis
The earth and its environment is being polluted by a number of chemical substances which
are being released into it. Physical Chemistry and various principles associated with it such as
equilibrium, spontaneity and chemical kinetics are used to find solutions to the chemical
problems which are posing a big threat to the natural environment.
Generation of electrical energy
The different types of electric cells and batteries we use, are developed and produced by
using the principles of electrochemistry, which form an integral part of physical chemistry.
Thus, physical chemistry is used in the generation of electricity, by the conversion of
chemical energy into electrical energy in cells and batteries.
Photochemical Applications
Photochemistry is an important part of physical chemistry. Thus, physical chemistry finds a
number of photochemical applications such as investigation of smog formation, advanced
paints and primers and for the development of photodegradable plastics.
5. Biochemistry
 ‘Bio’ stands for biological i.e. relating to living organisms, and Chemistry is the study of
atoms, molecules and different chemical reactions which take place between chemical
substances. So, from the combination of the above two definitions, ‘Biochemistry’ is the
branch of science which deals with the study of the structure and composition of living
beings, along with the chemical reactions which take place within them. In simpler terms,
you can say that biochemistry deals with everything about living beings from the cells they
are composed of to the overall functioning of the different organs of your body.
Further, this branch of science is a very vast one in itself and includes important scientific
disciplines such as genetics, microbiology, medicine and forensic science. The inclusion of
all these intriguing scientific disciplines in biochemistry, makes the subject more interesting
for you to study.
Where is Biochemistry used?
Medical Science
Medical Science thrives on Biochemistry. Had biochemistry not been in existence, it would
have never been possible for medical science to get equipped with the wide range of
medicines, drugs and diagnostic procedures, it utilizes for the identification and treatment of
different diseases. This is because biochemistry forms the sole basis of the understanding of
the basic structure and composition of the human body, only in the availability of which
effective medical treatments can be developed and practiced.
Forensic Science
Forensic Science involves investigating the evidence collected from the crime scene by
utilizing scientific principles and techniques. It is often that the investigation of the evidence
requires use of biochemical techniques to solve the associated mysteries. Thus, biochemistry
finds important applications in forensic science.
Veterinary Science
Veterinary Science is the discipline of science which is associated with the prevention,
control and treatment of diseases in animals. It is only because of the biochemical awareness
of the different animal structures and processes involved in their functioning that veterinary
science can serve its purpose of treating animal diseases.
Food Science
Biochemistry plays an important role in food science. The Biochemistry of Foods enables the
biochemists to determine and preserve the quality of different food items. It is by employing
different biochemical techniques that food scientists ensure the fitness of different food items
for consumption.
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics makes extensive use of biochemistry for conducting the chemical
analysis of genes and genetic codes. Genetic scientists use the results derived from this
analysis to develop new pharmaceutical and agricultural products.
  Importance of Chemistry Explained

Cooking: Chemistry explains how food changes as you cook it, how it rots, how to preserve
food, how your body uses the food you eat, and how ingredients interact to make food.
Cleaning: Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. You use
chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home.
You use chemistry when you use bleaches and disinfectants, even ordinary soap and water.
How do they work? That’s chemistry.
Medicine: You need to understand basic chemistry so you can understand how vitamins,
supplements, and drugs can help or harm you. The Part of the importance of chemistry lies in
developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines.
Environmental Issues: Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one
chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? How can you clean up the
environment? What processes can produce the things you need without harming the
environment?
We humans are all chemists. We use chemicals every day and perform chemical reactions
without thinking much about them. Chemistry is important because everything you do is
chemistry! Even your body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions occur when you
breathe, eat, or just sit there reading. All matter is made of chemicals, so the importance of
chemistry is that it’s the study of everything.
Importance of Taking Chemistry
Everyone can and should understand basic chemistry, but it may be important for you to take
a course in chemistry or even make a career out of it. It’s important to understand chemistry
if you are studying any of the sciences because all of the sciences involve matter and the
interactions between types of matter.
Students wanting to become doctors, nurses, physicists, nutritionists, geologists, pharmacists,
and (of course) chemists all study chemistry. You might want to make a career out of
chemistry because chemistry-related jobs are plentiful and high-paying. The importance of
chemistry won’t be diminished over time, so it will remain a promising career path.
 Role of Chemists in the Academe, Government and Industry

Chemist
Chemists are the scientists who conduct extensive research work to understand different
chemical phenomena such as the occurrence of different chemical reactions, their rates, the
conditions which affect their feasibility and the development of new chemical products by
conducting chemical experiments. They spend most of their time in the lab, surrounded by
different tools, scientific apparatus and their fellow colleagues. Further, chemists are
recruited by both government and private sector industries which are involved in conducting
chemical research, whether at a large scale or small scale. They receive good salary packages
from both private as well as government sector industries and thus, enjoy financial stability in
their lives.
Chemist are important in the industry because they provide our basic needs Food, Shelter
And clothing in every day in our life, because of their works throughout, our economy
sustains balance on nature and humans. Here are the works of chemist in our society:
Forensic Chemist
Forensic Chemists investigate and analyze the evidence and samples collected from different
crime scenes to solve the mysteries associated with them. They apply all their knowledge of
different fields such as organic chemistry, genetics and investigating tools and techniques to
break through the evidence collected and synthesize meaningful information out of them. It is
only with the effective contributions of forensic chemists that complex crime mysteries get
resolved and the criminals get caught. Further, forensic chemists stay in demand in both the
government as well as the private sector and also enjoy a decent salary package.
Food Scientist
Food items are mostly composed of organic compounds thus organic chemists have a good
scope of employment as food scientists in the food industry. Further, food scientists are
required to use their vast knowledge to enhance the nutritional value of the different food
items which are used for consumption. Not only this, they also analyze the food items and
ensure that they are safe and healthy for people to consume. Further, food scientists get
employed at a handsome pay scale in all types of food processing industries both in the
private as well as government sector. It is only because of eminent food scientists that we can
consume packaged and canned food items with the trust of safety.
Environmental Chemists
The alarming rise in the levels of environmental pollution is a cause of concern for the entire
world. The soil, the air, the water and all other constituents of the environment are being
polluted by chemicals and other toxic substances which are being released into them. As a
result of the increased pollution levels, the entire world is dealing with numerous
environmental problems such as global warming, ozone layer depletion and rise in the sea
level. To throw light on the risks associated with these problems, environmental chemists
deal with the study of the impact of the pollutants on the environment and biodiversity. They
also develop various techniques and technologies to bring a reduction in environmental
pollution such as waste management techniques and developing alternatives for non-
biodegradable materials like plastic. Moreover, as environmental pollution and problems
form major concerning issues which need to be addressed at priority by the entire humanity,
environmental chemists always remain high in demand and thus, have a promising career
ahead of them.
Petroleum Chemist
Petroleum and its products find important application in the industrial and household sector
such as heat, electricity and energy generation in automobile engines. Petroleum Chemists
deal with everything which is associated with petroleum and its products. If you are involved
at working in this branch, then you are required to devise innovative ways to make more
efficient and judicious use of petroleum, exploring new petroleum reserves and developing
new petroleum products are some examples of tasks which you would need to perform.
Furthermore, the professional journey of petroleum chemists begins by undertaking rigorous
training in the respective companies, under the guidance of experts. Once petroleum chemists
complete their training and gain the required amount of experience in their field, they soar
high in professional success with an attractive pay scale.
Medicinal Chemist
As discussed above, most of the medicines used in the healthcare industry are derived from
organic compounds. Thus, organic chemists get employed in the medical industry, as
medicinal chemists. It is by applying their immense knowledge about organic compounds
that they synthesize novel medicines and drugs for the treatment of various diseases and
ailments. Along with this, they also conduct wide scale research on improving the derivation
techniques and processes of various medicines. Moreover, the healthcare industry is one of
the most basic and essentially required industries for the survival of mankind. Thus,
medicinal chemists are always high in demand and also enjoy a good level of job security.
To attain a commendable stage in your career and get one of the above mentioned job
opportunities, you need to pursue your education from a reputed university or college. These
colleges give you a large number of assignments, which are often tough to solve. Thus to help
you submit your college assignments in time, we extend our helping hand to you and aid you
in solving your homework. At Assignmenthelp4me, we have the best professionals who are
truly skilled to meet the absolute requirements of your assignments.
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry finds an abundance of applications in the industrial sector, thus, being
an inorganic chemist, you get to enjoy a promising career in different professional fields.
Below mentioned are some of them.
Ceramic Chemists
Ceramic materials are materials having advanced properties such as high strength and thermal
resistance. Ceramic Chemists put all their knowledge into developing such advanced ceramic
materials which find usage in important industrial sectors such as Aerospace industry, cutting
tool manufacturing industry and insulation industry. Further, it is because of the wide range
of applications which ceramics find in different industrial sectors, such as the ones mentioned
above, that ceramic chemists always remain high in demand. Also, ceramic chemists enjoy a
good pay scale and thus, lead a professional life of fulfillment.
Food Scientists
Inorganic Chemists have a good scope of employment in the food safety and inspection
industry. They are involved in conducting different kinds of research work to enhance the
nutritional value of the food items and also ensuring the safety of packaged food items. Not
only this, food scientists are also involved in ensuring proper distribution of food items across
different channels of food delivery. Furthermore, food scientists are employed at a high
salary package in both the private as well as the government sector. It is only because of the
meticulous efforts of food scientists that we can purchase safe packaged food which is fit for
consumption.
Environmental Chemists
Inorganic Chemists utilize their vast knowledge to deal with different types of environmental
issues and problems. It is with the rise in the levels of environmental pollution that
environmental problems are also witnessing a splurge. The water we drink, the air we breathe
and the soil we use to raise crops, all are being polluted by pollutants such as industrial
effluents and unburnt fuel particles from automobiles. All this is resulting in a severe damage
to the planet and its inhabitants be it animals, plants or human beings. Thus, numerous
government and private industries are working towards the development of advanced
techniques and technologies which can reduce different types of environmental pollution. For
this, they conduct extensive recruitments for environmental Chemists. Moreover, both these
sectors offer handsome salary packages to environmental chemists.
Mining Analytical Chemists
Inorganic Chemists get employed in the mining industry as mining analytical chemists. The
job role involves analyzing the mined ores to determine their chemical composition and then
using them for various applications. Along with this, many important elements exist in
combined form as compounds beneath the surface of the Earth. Analytical Mining Chemists
also shoulder the responsibility of synthesizing these elements from their compounds in pure
state. Thus, inorganic chemists have a great role to play in the mining industry and get
employed at handsome pay packages.
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry as a field has evolved to a great extent and its career opportunities are
also expanding with the passage of time. Following is the list of fields, you can look for
career options, if you have a degree in analytical chemistry.
Agricultural and Food Scientists
Food is the basic need of life and it’s important to ensure that the food produced is high in
quality, nutrition rich, safe and fit for consumption. Food is tested for all these qualities by
Analytical Chemists. They apply their vast knowledge of Analytical Chemistry to conduct
both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of food items and check their quality and
constituents. They also investigate the food items for any signs of adulteration using different
analytical chemistry tools and techniques. Further, the food industry is an enormous industry,
comprising both the government as well as the private sector. Thus, Agricultural and Food
Scientists find a good employability in both these sectors. Moreover, analytical Chemists
enjoy a handsome pay package and successfully find their financial fulfillment through their
career.
Forensic Chemists
Many Analytical Chemists dream of becoming a Forensic Scientist. This career field is so
loved because of its exciting and mysterious nature. Forensic Scientists deal with the
evidence which is collected from a crime scene. They meticulously investigate them for any
signs of clues which the evidence could contain by applying different analytical chemistry
concepts and techniques. Thus, Analytical Chemists get recruited on a massive scale in the
forensic industry.
Petroleum Chemists
Petroleum is an important fuel, which finds different applications in both the industrial as
well as the household sector, such as Energy generation and production of other petroleum
products. It is derived from the refining of crude oil, which is conducted in the refineries.
Analytical Chemists, shoulder various kinds of job responsibilities in the oil and petroleum
industry such as exploration, extraction, refining and inspection of petroleum and its
derivatives. Along with this, analytical chemists also play an active role in the determination
of new petroleum reserves and petroleum products along with devising more judicious and
efficient ways of utilizing the existing ones. Thus, Analytical Chemists have a good chance of
recruitment in the oil and petroleum industry, as petroleum chemists. Further, petroleum
chemists enjoy the merit of being highly paid, which brings them a good level of financial
security in life.
Pharmacologists
Analytical Chemists are widely recruited in the pharmaceuticals industry as pharmacologists.
‘Pharmacologists’ are involved in conducting research work for medicinal development along
with testing the effectiveness of new medicinal products for the treatment of the respective
ailments. They also perform careful investigation of medicines and drugs to determine any
signs of adulteration. Along with this they also shoulder the responsibility of ensuring the
safety of different medicines for medical purposes. Thus, pharmacologists are extensively
employed in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry.
Environmental Scientist
As discussed above, the environment of the planet and its inhabitants are all in a state of great
threat which is being posed by the alarming rise in the levels of environmental pollution.
Much of this pollution is generated by industrial and automobile effluents. These effluents
contaminate the environment and its elements such as water, soil and air. Analytical chemists
are the investigators who employ their analytical chemistry caliber to test the samples of
different environmental elements collected from different places and conduct their qualitative
as well as quantitative analysis to determine the extent of contamination. They also work on
the development of innovative strategies and techniques to restore the good health of the
environment and its elements. Thus, analytical chemists play an important role in
safeguarding the environment by pursuing their career as an environmental scientist.
Physical Chemistry
After completing your education, it becomes a dire necessity to ensure a secured job for
yourself. From the various options available in the job market, you can opt for any of the few
mentioned below.
Pharmacologist
Physical chemistry candidates have a good scope of employment in the pharmaceuticals
industry as pharmacologists. They offer research and testing services for the production of
effective medicines for the treatment of different diseases and ailments. It is by employing
their knowledge about the chemical properties of different substances, the kinetics and
mechanisms of chemical reactions that they synthesize important medicinal products. Further,
it is with their meticulous services that physical chemists make significant contributions to
the healthcare industry by developing effective treatments for fatal diseases like cancer.
Environmental Chemist
When physical Chemistry aspirants utilize their knowledge and skills to study about the
presence of different chemical substances in the environment and its different elements such
as soil, air and water, they are termed as Environmental Chemists. Their job role involves
analyzing the long term impact of different chemical contaminants on the overall health of
the planet and its inhabitants. Along with this, environmental chemists also work on the
development of different strategies and techniques to restore and protect the environment
from the harmful impacts of contaminants.
Chemical Metallurgist
Physical chemistry aspirants get recruited as chemical metallurgists in the metallurgy sector,
where they utilize the basic concepts of physical chemistry to determine the recoverability of
different metals from their ores. Not only this, they also work on conducting the respective
processes in the most economical and efficient manner. Further, the responsibilities of
chemical metallurgists don’t just end here. They also work for the purpose of strengthening
different metals with properties such as fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. It is by
virtue of such properties that smart materials can be developed for utilization under critical
conditions. This way, physical chemistry aspirants play an important role in the metallurgy
sector.
Biochemistry
As discussed above, biochemistry is a wide branch of science which encompasses many
important scientific disciplines such as veterinary science, forensic science and genetics.
Thus, a degree in biochemistry opens a number of career pathways for the biochemists. Given
below are some of them.
Forensic Scientist
Biochemists can utilize their knowledge about biochemistry to serve as forensic scientists.
This is because most of the forensic investigations involve analyzing the evidence of
biological origin such as a blood sample, a strand of hair and a piece of flesh, which are
collected from the crime scene. It is only with the help of biochemical tools and procedures
that the mysteries associated with the biological evidence can be solved, resulting in the
disclosure of the criminals. Moreover, the application of biochemistry for forensic purposes
requires extra care and meticulousness. Thus, biochemists are required to possess in depth
theoretical as well as practical knowledge about biochemistry and associated techniques, to
succeed in their career as forensic scientists.
Biotechnologist
Biochemists have a good scope of employment in the field of biotechnology. It is with their
vast knowledge and caliber in the discipline of biochemistry that biochemists work on the
utilization of biological processes for industrial and other applications. For example,
biotechnologists use their knowledge about genetics, to produce genetically modified crops in
the agricultural sector. These crops are higher in the nutritional content as compared to the
original ones. Along with this, biotechnologists also work in laboratories and assist scientists
with their research work.
Medicinal Chemist
Biochemists are well versed with the knowledge about the different phenomena which occur
within living beings. Thus, they play a crucial role in the development of different medicines
which are used for the treatment of various diseases and ailments associated with living
beings. Medicinal Chemists often work in collaboration with a team of scientists and
researchers for the purpose of synthesizing new and effective medicines and drugs by using
both natural as well as synthetic medicinal agents. Further, there is always going to be a need
for the availability of medical chemists till life exits on the planet. Thus, medical chemists
enjoy a good level of job security along with handsome pay packages.
Food scientist
Biochemists find extensive job opportunities as ‘Food scientists’, in the field of food science,
wherein they employ their knowledge and skills for the production of better and nutrition rich
food items. Not only this, they are also involved in the task of ensuring the preservation and
safety of packaged food items. Moreover, food scientists also enjoy good salary packages
irrespective of the fact whether they are employed in the government or the private sector.
Clinical research scientist
Clinical Research is another promising field where numerous biochemists find recruitment as
clinical research analysts. Their job role involves shouldering a number of responsibilities
such as studying different diseases and ailments in the laboratories, deriving respective cures
and treatments. They are mostly surrounded by a diverse range of medical equipment,
collected lab samples and their fellow research scientists. Further, the need for clinical
research scientists is never going to cease, until life exists on planet Earth. Thus, clinical
research scientists always remain in demand by the industry.
Time is always a constraint, when you are loaded with assignments. Moreover, short
deadlines make it even difficult for you to submit your college assignments on time. To bring
an ease in your life, we at Assignmenthelp4me, are available round the clock, to draft
assignments of all subjects for you. – put this in italics
All the branches of chemistry have over and again proven to be highly resourceful for
mankind. From developing medicines to producing technologies, chemistry as a field of study
is highly advanced and challenging. It not only intrigues your mind to probe further but also
carves a great career path for your future growth.

REFERENCES:
- High School chemistry©2019-2020 ChemistryGod, Author : Yasmeen Khan | 12
Jun,2020
- www.facebook.com/AssignmentHelp4Me
- [email protected]