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P. Biotek - Introduction - 2022

The document provides examples of various fields of biotechnology like agricultural, medical, forensic, and environmental bioremediation biotechnology. It also discusses the growing biotechnology industry and career opportunities in research, operations, quality control, and clinical research.

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Bruneitabba Billal Irawan
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21 views

P. Biotek - Introduction - 2022

The document provides examples of various fields of biotechnology like agricultural, medical, forensic, and environmental bioremediation biotechnology. It also discusses the growing biotechnology industry and career opportunities in research, operations, quality control, and clinical research.

Uploaded by

Bruneitabba Billal Irawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY

AGUSTIN KRISNA
• What Is Biotechnology?
• Types of Biotechnology
• History of Biotechnology
• The Biotechnology Workforce
What is Biotechnology?

• Biotechnology – using living organisms, or the products of living


organisms, for human benefit to make a product or solve a problem

• Biotechnology is the use of biology to solve problems and make useful


products

• The use of living things, especially cells and bacteria, in industrial


processes

• The manipulation (as through genetic engineering) of living organisms or


their components to produce useful usually commercial products (such
as pest resistant crops, new bacterial strains, or novel pharmaceuticals)
Type of Biotechnology

A. Conventional Biotechnology

Tempe

Tape

Dadih

Oncom
B. Modern Biotechnology

Human insulin

GMO papaya

GMO corn

GMO soybean
Allergy-free peanut

Transgenic fish
• Example of "modern" biotechnology:
– recombinant DNA technology started modern biotech as an
industry

• Examples of applications
– development of disease-resistant plants
– food crops that produce greater yields
– "golden rice" engineered to be more nutritious
– genetically engineered bacteria that can degrade environmental
pollutants
Example of modern biotechnology

• Use genetically modified cultured cells to make protein of interest


• Products of Modern Biotechnology
– Example of proteins created by gene cloning called recombinant
proteins
Bioinformatics

Biotchnology
Green
Biotechnology
White
Biotechnology

Blue Biotechnology

Red Biotechnology
Types of Biotechnology

• Microbial Biotechnology
• Agricultural Biotechnology
• Animal Biotechnology
• Forensic Biotechnology
• Bioremediation
• Aquatic Biotechnology
• Medical Biotechnology
• Regulatory Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology – manipulation of microorganisms
such as yeast and bacteria

– Create better enzymes


– More efficient decontamination processes for industrial
waste product removal
– Used to clone and produce large amounts of important
proteins used in human medicine
Agricultural Biotechnology
– United Nations Food and Agricultural Org. predicts by 2050, we
will need to feed a world population of 9.1 billion! This requires
raising food production by approximately 70%!
– Plants more environmentally friendly that yield more per acre
(genetically engineered)
– Resistance to diseases and insects
– Foods with higher protein or vitamin content
– Drugs developed and grown as plant products
– These better plants ultimately reduce production costs to help
feed the growing world population
Animal Biotechnology
– Animals as a source of medically valuable proteins
• Antibodies
• Transgenic animals
– Animals as important models in basic research
• Gene "knockout" experiments
• Design and testing of drugs and genetic therapies
– Animal cloning
• Source of transplant organs
Forensic Biotechnology
– DNA fingerprinting
• Inclusion or exclusion of a person from suspicion
• Paternity cases
• Identification of human remains
• Endangered species
• Tracking and confirmation of the spread of disease
• Forensic Biotechnology
Bioremediation
– The use of biotechnology to process and degrade a variety of
natural and manmade substances
• Particularly those that contribute to environmental pollution
– Example – stimulated growth of bacteria that degrade
components in crude oil
• 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska
• 2010 Deep Water Horizon spill promoted research into natural
oil-degrading organisms and enzymes
• 2020 Lapindo mud using multisymbiotic organisms (plant,
mycorrhizae, rhizobium, bacteria)
• Bioremediation – adding nutrients to stimulate growth of
bacteria to clean up oil spill
Aquatic Biotechnology
– Aquaculture – raising finfish or shellfish in controlled conditions for
use as food sources
• 50% of all fish consumed by humans worldwide
– Genetic engineering
• Disease-resistant strains of oysters
• Vaccines against viruses that infect salmon and
other finfish
• Transgenic salmon that overproduce growth hormone
– Bioprospecting: rich and valuable sources of new genes, proteins
and metabolic processes with important applications for human
benefits
• Marine plankton and snails found to be rich sources of antitumor
and anticancer molecules
Aquatic Biotechnology

• Why create transgenic salmon overproducing growth hormone?

transgenic

normal

Two different salmon

• How does this modified salmon help humans?


Medical Biotechnology
– Involved with the whole spectrum of human medicine
• Preventive medicine
• Diagnosis of health and illness
• Treatment of human diseases
– New information from Human Genome Project
• Gene therapy
– Stem cell technologies
• Stem cells – grown in lab and then treated with different
chemicals to allow them to develop into specific kinds of
tissues needed for transplant

• Current use: stem cells are used for diabetes; spinal cord
injuries
How will medical biotechnology change our lives in the
years ahead?
– Human Genome Project (HGP)
• Research on the function of human genes and
controlling factors that regulate genes
• 1990-2003 (6 countries involved)
– Human proteome Project (HPP)
• Collection of proteins responsible for activity in a
human cell
• 2010 (many countries involved)
• How will medical biotechnology change our lives in the
years ahead?
– Nanotechnology
• Applications that
incorporate extremely
small devices
• Small particles that
can deliver drugs
to cells
Drug delivery
Career Oportunities
– Research and development: preclinical, discovery
research, bioinformatics, lab safety
– Operations: process/product development,
manufacturing and production
– Quality: quality control and assurance
– Clinical research: clinical research and regulatory affairs
– Finance and administration: finance, business
development, administration, information systems, legal,
facilities management
PT. BISI International PT. Biofarma

PT. GSI Lab PT. Ajinomoto


https://www.gsilab.id/about/
PT Sorini

Sugar factory

Petrosida Gresik PT. Molindo Raya


Researcher

Police forensic
expert
Thank you

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