How To Write 240 wpm

in Pitman Shorthand

by
MORRIS I. KLIGMAN, C.S.R.
Official Court Reporter
United States District Court
U. S. Court House
New York, N. Y.
and
Instructor of High Speed Shorthand
Hunter College, Evening Session
Park Avenue and 68th Street
New York, N. Y.

PITMAN PUBLISHING CORPORATION

New York Toronto London
 Copyright, 1953, 1955
BY
MORRIS I. KLiGMaN

2. 2

No part of this book may be reproduced

without the prior consent of the author.

Manufactured in the United States of America

CONTENTS

Chapter Page
I At Long Last 1
II A Few Preliminaries 3
III How to Practice
IV Phrasing - ** 9
V What Speed Is Required for Court Reporting ************ 12
VI Vocabulary *****" 14
VII Speeds and Systems. 17
VIII Electrical Recording . 21
IX The Problem of "Cold" Notes 23
Transcribing Your Notes 25
XI What the Reporter Takes in Court **** 27
XII Conflicts. 32
XIII Interruptions 37
XIV Some Odds and Ends . 39
XV Marking Exhibits
XVI A Day in the Life of the Court Reporter 42
XVII High Speed Principles 47
XVIII High Speed Phrases and Outlines, Main List 131

XIX Special Legal and Courtroom Outlines. 195

XX Index of High Speed Principles and Numbers 252

How the Notes Look Under Actual Court Conditions 262
XXI
of Shorthand Notes 267
Transcript
Add Your Own Phrases *** 270
CH

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2

CHAPTER I

AT LONG LAST!

After many personal requests and hundreds of letters written

to me over the past years in the United States and from abroadd
to put my high speed Pitman shorthand ideas, suggestions and
short-cuts into print, I have finally collated this material, and
the following pages I hope will be helpful to all those who
to attain high speed in the winged art" of Pitman shorthand.
aspire
It will be noted that I have not put the outlines and phrases
into separate categories, with the exception of the special legal list
after the main list. Instead, I have felt that in trying to alpha-
betize them generally would make it easier to follow. In some in-
stances you will note that I have grouped the phrases according
to subject matter, and therefore there may be a bit of duplication.
These outlines I have used in a most successful career of court
and general reporting over the past 20 years, and also covered in
the speed courses which I have conducted at Pace Institute and
Hunter College for over 21 years.
These are not "arm-chair" short-cuts thought up in the middle
of a comfortable leather chair. They are the actual symbols which
I have used in reporting some of the most important and technical
cases in our century, such as the Aluminum case which lasted
almost 3 years, the Communist cases tried in the Federal Court of
New York, the atom spy case, smuggling cases, narcotics, breach
of contract, negligence, admiralty-in fact, every type of case one
can possibly imagine.
1
 2 DO
DO TT
IT TOO!

Having successtully traincd

work -the law fice, government stoffices,
and
enographers
in all
branches
crease their speed
and
accuracy, I am business
certain of
greatly enhance your peed after thorouo" that offices-to
you, in-
too, will
lines. I would suggest that you practice
them a ng the mnastering
these out-
times each, or more, until you can write
hesitation. Some will have to write
them at any minimurn
inimum of 100
of 100
them any
times speed without
to learn them-others possibly less. Try to spend an more in order
longer on them. hour a day
or
Use a good shorthand pen, such
ink, such as Sheafter's Eversharp Extra Fine Flex
as
point; a fine
Skrip,
and a first-rate
reporting note-book, such aspermánent
Pitman's
jet black
With these, and a strong
determination to 5B
pare yourself for the field of "keep at it" vou can nre.

tion court-reporting, with its high remunera-

and fascinating work, for the position of
law secretary, or for positions abroad whichhearing stenographer,
travel pay well and offer
opportunities-all
make it your
these can be
yours if you aim for it and
goal.
For those who desire to
go in for "big leai ue" shorthand
ing, joining my class at Hunter report-
those who desire to College wil1 be a
great help; for
go it alone or in adult
material will aid educational classes, this
So here's to considerably.
you and to your success.
Make your
shorthand work for you. Build
high-speed Pitman shorthand. your future with
CHAPT ER II

A FEW PRELIMINARIES

Betore proceeding to master the high speed outlines in the tol-

lowing pages, I would suggest that you first attend to the following:

EQuIPMENT
. Pen: Throw out your pencil and learn to write high speed
with a pen. Pencil points get blurred after some use, and it is
hard to show light and dark strokes. A pen will always
give you
the fine shading necessary for quick readability. I use an Ever-
sharp Extra Fine Flex point. As a matter of fact, I own five of
them, each one fully loaded with ink, ready to go to work should
one pen run dry during the course of a day.
2. Ink: I use Sheaffer's Skrip, permanent jet black, as I have
found from experience that it is the best for my particular use and
casiest on the eyes in reading back.

3. Paper: Use only good paper, such as put out by the Pitman
Publishing Corporation, 2 West 45th Street, New York City.I
find that their 5B Reporting book is the best I have ever used. The
paper is smooth and the ink dries almost instantly, so that there is
no blotting when turning over the page. Of course, any other Pit-
man ruled book may be used, but I like the lines of the 5B for
my court reporting work, as' it enables me to use the various
columns for as many as 8 persons' remarks, which is more than suf-
ficient for the average case. However, I have reported a few cases
where there were as many as 24 lawyers representing over 60-odd
3
 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO
and alter the 8th
defendants, person
name when he spoke. spoke, I
wrote the
4. Desk: Get a
good, solid writing lawyer's
arm will not be raised too
high or be in a foundatior
ion where
should be about level you as
bend
from the descending your
5. Position: Try to sit elbow. positiosPOsition,
erect, with the left
slightly advanced in front of the foot flat on
body on the non-writing arm-that right foot. Put the the floor,
writer, as most of you is, if you are weight ofi vyour
a
probably
weight of your body. Now, as are-let your left arm right-hand
nded
too hard, you hold the bea
otherwise you may pen lightly-T-not
long period of time-keep the develop writer's
r's cramp
cramp over
edge of the desk or elbow about 2 or 3 over a
table; raise your wrist inches off the
a space between
the bottom of
wrist
slightly that there is
so
and endeavor to write your and the top of the
not from the paper,
pap
using a full-arm motion, but wrist but from
the
If you write from the being careful not to write too elbow,
raise it, you will large.
wrist and do not
cramp your style. This is most instantly
you will be able to write
for long
important for your
future, so that
fatigued physically periods time without getting
of

Now, as
you write
along the page, after
writing 2 or 3 lines of
shorthand, slide the page up with your left hand. Do
your right arm down. not move
The page must be kept sliding
when you
get to the bottom of the up, so that
your pen is in
position immediately to
page you simply flip
it over
ana
the succeeding page. You may find it a
start writing at the
top
These bit awkward to go thru all
motions at first but a
overcome it quickly. little patience and
practice w help
These little
deal to faster details, when properly attended to, will add a good
with a poor writing, so do not handicap yourself at start

writing position. yourself

at the
tne very
 CHAPTER III

HOW To PRACTICE

Type of Material for Dictation: Assuming that you have some

one to dictate to you, whether it be one person or a group of aspir

ing shorthand writers meeting one or two nights a week at each

other's home, and further assuming that you have a present speed
of about 100 wpm., I would suggest that you start off with taking
find
simple matter, i.e., business letters, speeches, etc. You will
that usually the vocabulary there is rather restricted in scope, and
contractions
a good many of the words will consist of word-signs,

or outlines that can be written in one stroke.

five minutes-
Have the dictator read the material for about
later that most ex-
not less than that-because you will find out

tests consist of five-minute "takes,"

usually
aminations and speed
dictation in
and it is a good idea to become accustomed to taking
that manner. The speedof the dictation should not be beyond
endeavor
to form good outlines. If you
the capacity of the writer
are capable of doing, you
will find your
to write faster than you
to read. At the
distorted and be most difficult
notes will become
written should be almost
low speed of 100 wpm., the outlines
very notes-notes that give
endeavoring to write good
copper-plate. By
substance rather than artistically
and
an appearance
of body
down because they take longer to execute,
drawn, which slow you
foundation for the house of high speed
be building a good
you will I say, write at a specd con-
to erect in the future. So, as

you hope
5
 yoU GAN DO IT TOO!
6

good
outlines. Later on there will be
sistent with
yourself go
plenty of oppor-
as the
tunity for you
to I e t
dictation speed climbs.
Pced climbs
able to write and read back
After you are
perfectly at 100.
dictation at about 110, then 120, 125, m.,
take the next etc., always
making sure you never go ahead until you are confiden:

mastered the dictation at the previous speed.

Watafter you leave the speed ot 100 wpm., you will
find that
whereas previously you had been wriung good notes, at the nev

speed, say 125 wpm., your notes will appear to be a bit less
fectly formed. Repeat the same process:
per
keep practicing slowly
and consistently until the good notes come back at the 125, then
proceed up the ladder of speed to the next rung, wh1ch would be
about 140-150. Again you will find your notes have the look of
being a bit "shabby." Don't go ahead until you have first prac-
ticed to eliminate the distorted and shaky outlines. To do
other-
wise is dangerous to your structure of
high speed, and the way to
correct it is to keep
practicing your outlines at that speed which is
consistent with making good notes.
Reading back: Now, after you have finished writing the 5-
minute take on business
matter, let us say, you should endeavor to
read back the shorthand notes in
less time than it took to dictate.
The manner in which to
look at your shorthand
accomplish this is as follows: As you
notes on the
eyes at
page, try to take in with your
least four to six words
ahead of where you are reading.
This will not
disconcert you from reading with
I have found
whenever I
fluency.
am called upon to read
Judge or the attorneys back by the
in a case that I can read
and
facility by "looking ahead." with great rapiaity
As you
read, try to read with
rapialy and then slow rhythm. Do not read five words
down to read one word. d
Cvenly. You will Endeavor to
Icau
grasp it better. find by doing so your audience will be able to
 HOW TO PRACTICE 7

Read in a good, clear voice. Do not be timid. You will make a

better impression upon the listener, whether it be your "boss" or
"his Honor, or an attorney, if your reading reflects a note of con-
fidence in your own ability to read your shorthand notes.
Repetition practice: Repetition practice is not recommended
too much on dictation. This should come in when you practice
your outlines, phrases, short-cuts, etc. In the actual dictation, you
should get "fresh'" material all the time. That does not mean you
should not write an article over again, but I am certain you will
rather than going over one bit
gain more by taking new matter
of dictation 10 or 15 times. Your aim, of course, should be to get

100% on each "take."

When you make an error, either in writing or reading back,
don't let it go by without making a note of it on a scrap of paper.
Each error made must be noted. Now, let us assume that you have
a total of 20 errors marked on this list.
Then write cach outline
words
100 times. This so-called "punishment" will impress these
that you are far less likely to repeat the
upon you, so much so
time.
mistake. You will be doubly careful the next
an error in reading the word
For example,suppose you made
error that many writers make
this instead of "it is"-which is an
careless in writing the "th'" stroke. You
because they are a little
the outline very slowly and
can lessen this tendency by writing
or more, if necessary. Do not
rush thru
meticulously the 100 times,
no good un-
penning the outline, because it will do you
it, hastily
order to train yourself to eliminate this
less itis written with care in
conflict.
error is to exaggerate
Remember, of the best ways to avoid
one
make
strokes. Make the "th" stroke very curved;
the differences in
You should use this same principle
the " stroke very straight.
other conflicts in your system.
with regard to any
that by this principle of exaggera-
I have found thru the years all conflicts. I make
have been able to elinminate practically
tion I
 DO 1T TOO!
YOU CAN
8
my full length a real full length, and
small;
very
my half length almost write
in triple length, to make
length stroke
I of
double
avoiding thesc pitfalls.
if you will
follow thru on tips you will find
these
certain
I am
will increase greatlu
vour reading
and writing ability that
that
very
down materially on the number of errors you
you
will cut
ordinarily would make.
CHAPTER IV

PHRASING

This is one of the most

court
frequently discussed subjects among
reporters, there being two sides to that
are to most other
question, just as there
questions.
Some reporters phrase a good deal, and yet there are others
who do so
sparingly. I think it is a good idea to strike a happy
medium, if possible, and not phrase too much, and yet
those combinations which ought to be
phrase
phrased.
How do you determine when to phrase and when not to? First
of all, even before you think of using a phrase, you must say to
yourself: "Is the word or outline one that is frequently heard
over and over again, or is it an infrequently heard expression?"
If it is of frequent occurrence, then the next hurdle is: "Can it
be written casily and read easily if used in a phrase?
If the answer is "no," don't phrase.
If the answer is "yes," by all means do so. Only if it meets the
three propositions I have outlined above should you phrase.
Now, it may happen that although you know a phrase, you may
not have the proper opportunity to use it. A lot, too, depends upon

the way the words are uttered by the speaker. For instance, sup-
"We are," and then he pauses slightly, and con-
pose he says:
written in short-
tinues: "in a position,",your outlines, properly
-.. But if he says: "We are in a
hand, would be:
- - - - - - - . - . . .

between the words, by

position,"without any appreciable pause
follows:
phrase it
- * * * * * * *

as
all means

9
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
10
One of the methods I use to enabie me to phrase properly is
to stay from 4 to 6 words behind the speaker, so that I can take
advantage of any phrase which may cOne up. However, a word o
caution should be noted in the case OI a rapid speaker. It is
not
cafe to lag behind him at all, because t he
"steps the gas" you
on
will find yourself in the embarrassing p0sition of
having a hole
in your notes.
Another question frequently asked is: "How often
should I
Dractice my phrases? The sensible answer is that
you must keep
on practicing them until
you are able to write them without the
slightest hesitation, no matter what the rate of speed
may be. If
you do not know a phrase 100%, you will
comes to writing it at
surely hesitate when it
high speeds.
For example, at 240 wpm., you
will find that here, writing the rate of 4 words
at
cannot afford to hesitate for even a per second, you
split fraction of a second. If
you half-know a phrase when it occurs at
this
barely know it, your mind will falter, your handspeed,
or if you
just
will tremble, even
momentarily, and then you will have a gap in
Remember the old saying: "He who your notes.
is
hesitates is lost"--and that
particularly vital in high speed writing.
Let's get back to the 240
wpm. situation. As I said, that is 4
words per second, and
every tick of the second-hand on
watch means 4 words must be your wrist-
written in that second.
combination of words comes Suppose a
along which you
recognize to be a
phrase, but your mind is hazy or
to
grab at it; it doesn't come shaky about it. You stop mentally
That means in the quickly; result: one second is lost.
next second
or to you have to make up for that
write 8 words in that loss,
should you, second in order to catch up. And
words in the
perchance, hesitate two seconds, you must write 12
next second-an
Can see almost unbearable burden. So you
what a tremendous
eliminate all hesitation job you have on your hands. You must
in order to attain
Can Do It
Too'" by constant high speed. And "You
practice, and still more practice,
 PHRASING 11
until you begin to write words and
phrases almost mechanically;
vet all the time, of course, mind is keenly
your working, not laying
down for a minute.
As previously noted, the minimum number of times that words
or phrases must be written, in my considered
opinion, is 100 times.
With some peopleit may be
necessary to write them 1,000 times,
2,000 tinmes or more before
they master them
the "sole judge as to how
thoroughly. You are
long it takes you to master them. You
will never be sorry for the
many hours you put into it, because in
the end you will
reap the benefit by increasing your
enabling you to take some examination at a speed, thus
rate of speed, and
higher-than-average
perhaps
day work your way up to the
some
top rung on the ladder of speed-the reporter's chair.
I recall that many a time, when I was practicing to attain
high
speed, I threw my pen away in disgust because I couldn't get it,
or I couldn't read
my notes. But I stuck to it, toalways saying
myself, "ITl win in the end. I am earning dividends for the future.
I do it," etc. And that spirit of trying enabled me to increase
can

my speed to the point where I was able to leave an office steno

graphic position paýing $110.00 a month and enter the free-
lance reporting field-first getting my C. S. R. (Certified Short-
hand Reporter) degree, and making a reputation for myself as a
competent, high-class shorthand reporter, where my carnings were
in exces of $110.00 a week.
 CHAPTER V

WHAT SPEED IS REQUIRED

FOR COURT REPORTING

My own is that you should not go into the field of

feeling report
ing, assuming you have the necessary speed of 200 wpm. as a pre-
requisite, until you first get your C. S. R. This is
degree. obtained
by taking an examination, given twice year by the University
a
of the State of New York, Board of
to be paid for the
Regents. A fee of $25.00 has
privilege of taking it, so you cannot afford to
go in half-prepared. If you fail the first
time, you are given an-
other chance, but you ought to
pass the first time with flying colors.
Incidentally, this examination consists of about
hour's writ-
an
ing, simulating an actual court
trial, with speeds up to 200
part of which is transcribed on the wpm.,
you are tested on for oral
typewriter, and part of which
facility in
reading, with speed and
accuracy both being checked. You must
obtain a minimum of
95% in order to pass. And once
one of
you get your C. S. R., it will be
your proudest possessions. You will
the wall for all the frame it and hang it on
world to see that
found not you have been "tried and
wanting," and you can hold yourself out
reporting practicallyall types of cases.
as
capable of
T must
say that not all cases
tried in court
average speed. I have found
thru
require 200 wpm.
a
the
average talker is long experience that the speed o
told many of my
about 160-175 wpm. That being
students that most so have
port about 75% of of them could
all the cases in probably
if they could write
my court if
re*
wnc at
12 a
 SPEED REQUIRED FOR COURT REPORTING 13

that speed; but there are many occasions when the rate shoots up
tremendously fast-to 200, 240, 300 wpm. for short stretches, and
even for longer periods of time. Therefore, you must have a speed

up with the rapid tongue, where the words

come
reserve to catch
Don't be
flying out, like the autumn leaves before a strong wind.
content with 160 or 170. Make up your mind that you
will reach
the 200 wpm. circle, and even above it, to be prepared for any

emergency when the going gets fast

and rough. That additional
reserve will give you all the confidence you
need in your ability to
turn out a perfect transcript.
 CHAPTER VI

V O C A B U L A R Y

or court reporter, you necessarilu are

writer
words-most of them
listen to many, many simple
called upon
to
without having
to resort to ooks of
books of refe
refer-
understand
erstand wi
enough
to
d i c t i o n a r i e s - b u t
there are many moments when the
ence
or
quite technical; tor when
example, when you are
becomes
vocabulary particular field of en-
of an expert in a
taking the testimony
doctor, an engineer, etc. You will find on on

deavor-a chemist, a
not only to ha
occasions that the words are most dificult, ar
those
T remember well many years ago when I was as
but even to write.
and my lack of knowl.
one of
reporting my very first medical cases,
that I am ashamed to sav
edge on the subject was so monumental
I had a good deal of difficulty in writing the stuf, let alone tran-
scribing it. I vividly recall the doctor on the witness stand being
asked, "In your opinion, Doctor, what do you think is the extent
of the involvement in this case?", and the
reply given at terrific
speed, "I venture the opinion that she is suffering from a
tional proliferation of the projesta-
and my hand
endometrium," etc., etc. I gulped deeply,
trembled, and my notes just floundered all over the
place. I was mighty happy when the
no further attorney finally said, "I have
questions to ask of the witness" and he was excused.
immediately went out
bought myself a good medical dic and
tionary, several books on
ture which anatomy and physiology and other era-
enabled me to
increase my VOcabulary neia
Now, after a vocabulary medical-wise.
good deal of
"larnin," medical-wi
as they say, there are vvery
ay, there
14
 VOCABULARY 15

times when | have to

stop the doctor on the stand to ask, "How
do you spell that, please?"
A subluxation of the arachnoid artery," or "'a cardiac infarc-
tion" are written without pause even at top speed, for once you
know what they are talking about, half the battle is won. I don't
care how last you are able to write, if you don't understand the
language or the specialized vocabulary of an expert, you are lost,
with all of its attendant enmbarrassment. Make up your mind, no
matter what sort of expert you have confronting you with his com-
mand of words, you, at least, will have a working knowledge of
most subject matters so that you won't be writing in the dark.
Read as much as you can-good literature, good newspapers,
editorials, such as found in the New York Herald Tribune
or any

other high-grade When you come across a word that

newspaper.
as the stenographic out-
puzzles you, look up the meaning as well
line in your Pitman's English & Shorthand Dictionary.
of
It was and still is a habit of mine to take the editorial page
the Herald Tribune and write over cach line of editorial
matter

slowly at first,
equivalent stenographic outlines, starting
out
the
and then faster and faster. Then I would time myself. In thec
well over three-quarters of an hour
take
beginning it used to me

to write every single word on

the sheet. By constant practice I was
minutes. Of course, this method
able to cut it down to less than 10
but that can be acquired
does not give you any reading practice,
cannot get anyone to dictate to
in other directions. Where you
a method of
auto-dictation as I have ever
you, this is as good
found.
out at slower speeds I recommend
For those who are starting
television speakers usually are too rapid, and
this, because radio or

discouraging to a slow-speed writer to try to keep up

it is most

with their pace.

When I first began to practice for high speedI used to start
the things they sang about
with singers or "crooners," and while
 16 YOU CAN DO IT
TO0!
were horribly uninteresting-to me, at any
to suit my particular speed at that
rate-it
time. Then was slslow enou
to taking such programs where the later I "gr ugh
Amos and Andy, for dialogue was
as not tooaduated"
fast-
example-although the
limited, I must admit, for
However, the
building up a vocabulary
technical ther
ere was
advantages to be gained by use
outweigh the personal suffering
you may
of suchbackground.
progra
vourself to listen to them.
So my
undergo in forcing
in fore
suggestion is that you build
many fields as possible. You up your
will find that it vocabular in asas
vocabulary
your work a lot easier and enable will assist in
you to turn out
better making
better transcripts.
transcripts
CHAPTER VII

SPEEDS AND SYSTEMS

Having written high speed professionally for more than 20 years,

of
I musttell you that I have heard writers of various systems
can write
shorthand boast about how fast they could write-"Oh, I
who claims to
300 words per minute," or even "I know a fellow
have written 450 wpm." Let me tell you here and now that any-
of
one claiming to be able to perform such feats on any type
who are
matter is talking thru his hat. There are some writers
on the syllabic in-
able to write 300 wpm., but a lot will depend
dictated. I myself have frequently
tensity of the matter which was
of speakers ranging around
been called upon to write the utterances
for not more than a minute or
the 300 wpm. mark, but usually
court-room-and the vocabulary in
those in-
so-that is, in the
i.e., "What did you
stances consisted of short, monosyllabic words,
or "What
which be written in one sweep
do," can
Where were you at that time?"
is your name?" . a . . . . , o r

like that can be written without too

As you can see, material
at 300 wpm. But, perchance, should you be
much exertion even
that I referred to pre-
of those technical speakers
to one
listening such as "nucleus
with highly complicated subjects,
viously, dealing flavum" or an
"electronic capacitor"
pulposis" or "ligamentus or any one of
the many kindred
or manic depressive
psychosis,"
extended in writing
will find yourself fully
technical fields, you or the num-
because the syllabic intensity
this even at 150 wpm.,
17
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
18
ber of svllables to be found in cach word will be much greater

than the average of 1.40 syllables per word, and therefore

Wriltcn, no matter
how many shortc uch
more has to be

know.
L can graphically illustrate the problem by relating to you that
or the long Communist cace
recently, during my reporting both
months each and in which I wro
of which took over millions
of words, I had constantly
thrown at me by the Govcrnmen.
meVs, the defense attorneys, the Court and the witnesses
at
such
expressions as "Kautskyism," "revisionist obfuscators,"
dialectic
materialism," "clandestine instigators," etc. They were words
which are rarely heard in normal dictation, and inasmuch
many of the speakers in those cases spoke with great rapidity,
my
work was cut out for me, and I certainly did not linger too far he-
hind them. The syllabic intensitv in those cases was well above the
average, and even at 1/5 or 200 wpm., it was far from a simpie
reporting task. So you can well imagine how I must have felt
when on many occasions T had to write these and similar words at

even higher speeds.

Dictation at 100
Therefore, speed is a relative term. wpm. on

found to be the equivalent of 140

solid or literary matter wil be
dictation. AlSo, in the same ratio, taking a legal
wpm. on business
be equal to 175 or 180 wpm. on testimony.
argument at 150 will
claims he can write 400 wpmn.,
If you run across anyone who
him and say demurely, "On what type
just arch your eyebrows at
of matter?"
Still another question put by students as well as attorneys
to me,
the best?", or "Is Pitman better
and others, is, "Which system is
better than shorthand?" I
can
than Gregg?", or "Is Stenotype
because I know something
tell you from first-hand knowledge,
well as a
about Gregg, and having looked
into Stenotype also, as
shorthand-
all
few other systems-I am essentially a student of behind
the individual
that it is not the system that is superior; it is
 SPEEDS AND SYSTEMS 19

determines that-what I like to call the personal

the system which
quation. I have met many finc writers in Pitman, Gregg, Steno-
type, and poor ones. On a recent Supreme Court ex-
also some
amination, a woman Pitman writer won first place over Gregg

and Stenotype writers, and on another examination, the situation

was changed. It is the individual and not the system that is the
determining factor.
other
Stenotype, I have been asked by some lawyers, and
As for
one of these ma
people interested in reporting, "Don't you use
I tell
chines?", and they motion with their hands and fingers.
shorthand
them that I do not, that it isn't necessary for me; that
is more than
in the hands of a competent writer in the court-room
the machine as another
adequate. And I tell them that I regard
means of writing shorthand; that while it has some advantages
over
over shorthand in some ways, shorthand also
has advantages
the final analysis
the machine in other directions, and that in
So do not
it simmers down to the individual behind the system.
over another.
be misinformed about the superiority of one system
They are all equal when mastered properly.
to convince me of
Even so, I have had some "enthusiasts" try
and while on some
the superiority of the machine over shorthand,
machine writers get better
examinations it may be that some
shorthand writers, still for actual court-
grades than some other if
room application I
have found shorthand to be just as good,
work. The columns in my 5B
not better, for practical reporting
better than anything on the Steno-
Pitman Reporting Book are far
shorthand outlines, when
The ease in finding one's
type tape.
is a great advantage, among
called upon to read in open court,
machine writers. At the same time, I
am not
others, not had by
the personal abilities of many
of my friends who also
deprecating
use machines. They still are capable reporters.
heard of machine writers who sneer
Recently, however, I
some

outmoded and far behind the times.

ingly referred to shorthand as
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
20
matter is that though the Stenotype machine has
The fact of the
been in use 1914, there are still hundreds of fine writers of
since
shorthand-and I need mention only a few few among the greats:
Behrin, Swem, Neitlich, Dupraw, Van Gelder, Gold, and many

others too numerous

to mention. Dupraw's
record still stands as the
Shorthand Reporters' Contest. Don't let anvone
best in any National
sell vou short on shorthand. Schools are still turning out talented

writers in all systems who some day will take their place in the
reporting ranks.
CHAPTER IX

THE PROBLEM OF "COLD" NOTES

Another common complaint I hear from many stenographers is

"I have such difficulty in reading my shorthand notes when I
don't transcribe them immediately; they get cold."
Well, the problem of "cold" notes can be licked very easily if
you will learn to write a good system of intelligent phrasing and
proper joining of words. I feel so certain that if you master the
high-speed principles outlined in this book, you will be well on the
road to eliminating this stumbling-black. When you write words
properly, when you know your word-signs and contractions thor-
oughly, when you master these high-speed phrases and short-
cuts, it doesn't matter if you are called upon to read your notes
days, weeks or months later.
Let me cite to you an experience I had some time ago. One of
my judges, who has been on the bench for over 25 years, asked
me to look up the stenographic notes I had taken in a case before
him 16 years ago. It so happens that while the law is that the
court reporter must keep his notes for a period of ten years after
he has taken them, I have kept all my notebooks, from the very
first time I began writing professionaly. Therefore, it was no great
problem for me to dig out the notes taken in 1935, and I read
them back to the Judge in his private chambers as though it were
only yesterday that I had heard the case. Speaking modestly, I
read it with absolute confidence in my ability to read without
stumbling over an outline, and with great rapidity. When I was
23
24 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

finished,
the compliment I received from him for
my reading W
one I will never forget. You see,
N28
my system of writing has been
unchanged over these long years, and the ability to write an almos
conflict-less system took me thru that acid test.
Therefore, in order to avoid this fear of "cold notes, make cer
tain you learn your contractions and.
phrases so thoroughly, that
no matter when
you are asked to read or transcribe you can do so
without any trepidation on your part. That is one
stamp of the
A-1 reporter.
CHAPTER X

TRANSCRIBING YOUR NOTES

court re-
the practice for many years that the
used to be
It twice
court would then spend
five or six hours in
norter who spent out his
amount of time,
or more, sitting in his office typing
that so was this true in courts where there
transcript. Especially
Own for transcripts for
too many
orders given by attorneys the
were not court of today,
modern
etc. In the busy,
appeal purposes, some cases
the in-
time, and in
does not have the So
court reporter too precious.
down and do the typing. Time is
clination, to sit and one or two
com-

into the Dictaphone

he dictates his
notes
the steno-
transcribe and prepare
operators
petent dictaphone better situation all
This makes for a much
record for him.
graphic a
too
day in
fatigued after tough
does not get
around-the reporter the transcript.
does his share by preparing
court, and
the typist of receiving salary per
a
instead
the page
The typist is paid by there a r e extra copies
made
and if
so much a page, higher.
week. He gets rate is proportionately
at the same time, his piece-work minutes may not
be de-
where the
regular delivery, after the case is
That is on
s e v e n days
until five to
livered to the attorney where the case is a
other side of the picture,
finished. On the desire to obtain the
tran-
or the attorneys
one, basis. The
very important out on a "daily copy"
immediately, it
is gotten
script for this rush work, and
a higher rate, of course,
reporter charges Sometimes it is necessary to put
operator.
so does the dictaphone
25
 IT 7TOO!
CAN DO
YOU

26
three reporters
on a
case,
case,
where
or
immediate
wnere i mmediate

more tyDista
elivery of the
two or
and then
two are use
minutes is required, team-work is an in
the transcript.
This
tant ele-
getting out of justice go rolling along
the wheels
ment in helping
CHAPTER XI

WHAT THE REPORTER TAKES IN COURT

Among the many is this one: "What do

questions asked of me

you, as the official court reporter,

have to take while you are in the
as full an
court-room?" That is a good question and it deserves
answer as possible.
Once the clerk opens court officially with his proclamation, you
begin writing at once. Take Nothing should be left
everything.
out of the record unless his Honor says "Off the record"; then you
and only resume when either the Court says
may stop writing
indicating that
"Back on the record again" or he may nod to you,
he wants you to start taking it again, or you may have to use your
and the Court become
own judgment at times, because counsel
or matter before them
so engrossed in the particular argument
their minds and so it behooves you to be on the
that it may slip
alert, ready with your pen.
It is an excellent method of any possible future em-
avoiding
record"
barrassment for you to actually write the words ""off the
that your record
when they are spoken, right in your notebook, so
will then read: "The Court: Off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)*

Or sometimes it may be one of the lawyers who will say it, and of
course you should comply with
his request, and so you indicate in
the same manner as above who said it. If you don't, you might
find that the lawyer on the other side of the case may complain
that something that was stated in open court was not in the record,

27
 28 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

that the reporter didn't get it-indirectly imply1ng, perhaps, that

you acting competently, but if you put
were not in the"off the
record" statement, showing who said it, you have protected your.
self.
After the impaneling of the jury of 12 in the box-and this i
the only part of the court proceeding that does not have to
be
reported, although sometimes in very important criminal trials
vOu
will have to take word of the
every jury examination as to their
qualifications-the voir dire-counsel proceed to open up to
jury. It is good practice to report this the
because counsel may order it stenographically, not only
later, but because it gives
opportunity become familiar with
to you an
clature which will come writing some of the nomen-
up during the course of the
also enables you to
"limber up" for the work trial, and it
After the ahead of you.
on his first
opening statements, the
plaintiff's counsel will put
witness. All the
verbatim. After the proceedings,
of course, must
be taken
the defense direct-examination,
the
counsel, will cross-examine the opposing attorney, or
show this by witness. You can
putting defense
counsel's questions in easily
column, that is, the second his
will be noted on column. A better proper
After the
page 262. visualization of this
introduced hisplaintiff' s counsel has put on all
exhibits and other his witnesses and
nounce"Plaintiff documentary
miss, or make any other Then defense counsel proof,
rests." he will an-
times this is done in motions that he will move to dis-
the absence of deems necessary.
cate in
your notes after the the jury, Some-
for a few and you should indi-
Court says: "I
minutes" the will excuse the
"(The following
following: jury
jury.) proceedings were had in the
After the absence of the
jury returns, the
Sometimes plaintiff defense puts in
its
may put in
rebuttal proof, andcase, then rests
the defense sur
 TAKES IN COURT 29
WHAT THE REPORTER

but in most cases both sides rest after defense counsel an-
rebuttal,
nounces "I rest."

not mean that you rest, because

then counsel will
This does
make their sumnmations to the jury. While there may
or
sum up
be cases report these stenographically,
where it is not necessary to
be made
should be prepared for any objection which may
you
the course of summation by counsel
for either side, and to
during
was that was objected
to. I generally
show what the statement
show the following:
of summation by Mr. Lee, the following
*(During the course

occurred:)
-and he had no right to threaten him-
Honor
that statement, if your
Mr. Jones: I object to

please. overruled. Proceed with your

The Court: Objection
summation."

Court will
after summations are completely finished, the
Then, be taken right
must
of course, every word
charge the jury and, the
brings in its verdict, either for
down to the end when the jury
a n n o u n c e s that it
is unable to agree
or it
plaintiff or defendant,
is declared, and a trial de
novo
in which case a mistrial
on a verdict,

is had. write unceasingly the re

the reporter must
Throughout allthis,
witness.
the principal actors: court, counsel,
marks of all
finds that the witness can speak only
And then, too, the reporter
resort to the use of an
and it is necessary to
in a foreign tongue, Of course, this
language.
interpreter speaks that particular
who
and it may be a welcome
of the proceedings,
slows down the speed over 150 pages of
notes
the reporter after having written
relicf to
alone.
in that day's session notes the
I show in my
When such an interpreter is sworn,

following
 30 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

Juan Rodriguez, a witness called in behalf of th

being duly sworn, testified thru the interpreter, plair ntif,
Dominguez, as follows:" Mr. Peter
On a few occasions, one side in the
litigation may challeng
accuracy of the translation of the interpreter, and all
he
loquy occurring among the attorneys and the
interpreter m col
reported fully.
And where you have a witness on the stand
who speaks nglish
so poorly that has
everyone extreme difficulty in
what he is saying, it is not unusual to have
the
understandi
ndin
bewilderment at the court reporter and say questioner look in
then, Mr. Reporter?" You are sweetly, "What did he sav
supposed to be Superman, and
you are expected to give the best literal
translation of the unintel.
ligible stream of words as they came
be amazed at how rushing out. And you would
many times the reporter seems to
one who can be the only
grasp what the poor witness is
language that is so hard for him try1ng to say in a
to master.
Then there is the matter
of the
frequently put to the "hypothetical" question
medical expert that is
onthe stand, especially
negligence cases. In it the
plaintiff's lawyer generally
in
"Now, Doctor, assume that on the starts off:
plaintiff, a young man of 23 years of16th of November, 1940, the
Veragua," etc., etc. Sometimes the age, was working on the S5.
15, or even 20 pages, and the question will go on for 10,
The longest answer thereto will be a short
hypothetical question that I ever had in
career took over
"Yes.
put, and covered almostmy55 reporting
two hours to
notes-it was
something I could never pages or
four words forget-and the answer to tnat
omnibus question was
Another way of long: "In opinion,
making my work easier my yes.
complicated cases, I find that I is this: In
faster and with get the "feel" of the caselong
less strain when I muc
look at the and the
complaint
 wHAT THE REPORTER TAKES IN GOURT 31

answer. You will generally find that a lot of the subject-matter

involved in the law-suit will be stated therein, and this familiarnty
is of great aid. But, then, too, there are times when all the checking-
world will not lessen the toughness of reporting a par-
up in the
ticularly involved technical case, and therefore books of reference
are always a boon in such instances.
almost any
I have a library of several hundred books covering
some word
subject you can name, and should I run into a snag on
or group of words, these books are always great stand-bys.
trial, exhibit is
When, during the course of reporting a an

down the
offered and marked in evidence, you do not have to take
mark in my notes:
reading of that particular exhibit. I simply
"(Plaintiff's Exhibit 6 read to the jury by Mr. Jones.)"
sentence or two from an exhibit
But should it happen that only a
calls for ycu to take it down steno
is to be read, good practice
or court reviewing the
record can
graphically that
so any person
of the proffered exhibit that was

seeat a glance the exact portion

read.
CHAPTER XII

C O N F L I C T S

of writing
onn all types
all of
types of case
years
course
of many necessary
to differens
was
During the where it
conAicts. e
the experience avoid dangerous
n
have had to
in order
outlines form of
of the
the
between
certain
desirable to change the out.
it was c o n t e x t would be
be of no
oi
some instances,
where
vowels,
others to insert tin
for the first
line, and in words are
encountered
time,
aid. Also, where difficult as con.
possible, always Con
them out as fully
it is a good idea to write and vocalizino as
speed of dictation,
with the
sistent, of course, that you
would stop to put in
not expected
fully as possible. It is of losing several
words after the in.
a vowel or two at
the expense
In scientific and
these vowels because of the rapid pace.
sertion of
that writing the unfamiliar and
medical matter it will be found
even splitting them
into syllables, if necessary,
technical words out,
will make for easier deciphering later on.
Here is a partial list of important words that may lead to conflict
if not intelligently handled, and the outlines shown below may help
you avoid the pitfall or error, perhaps changing the entire meaning
of the dictated matter.
not
quite
in
any
nearer
nearest .....
close A...-.
closely closer
32
 CONFLICTS 33

elemental . clementary ...

drug-store druggist
thousand **
dozen
application
obligation
until
only in which
unless *** in this
annual actual
account amount

inform notify
usual usually
remember remembered

deliver delivered
I find I found

we do not . we did not

in this action in this connection

you will not you are not

old late

position opposition »e.eeees

know note

known none nun

approximate proximate

particular broad

Liberty Street i.. Broad Street ****e**obeee

 33
CONFLICTS

elementary
elemental
...
drug-store
.a. druggist
dozen
thousand

application
obligation
A... in which
until only
in this
unless .
actual
annual
amount
account

notify
inform
usually
usual
remembered

remember
delivered
deliver
I found
I find
we did not
----d...
we do not
in this connection
in this action
you are not
you will not
late ......
old
opposition
position
note
know
nun
none
known
proximatte
approximate
broad
particular
Broad Street
Liberty Street
 IT TODo!
YOU
CAN DO

persecution
prosecution parcel

appraisal
notion.. . information.. *

opinion..d..
coatsR cuts
cnds... goodds . . needs
blade

plate nose

knees
. ****
broad board
particular

class C
clause

subject sub
special *****

street
...
straight
cross the street
across the street *****.

off the record for the record

it may be it might be

Supplemental supplementary a.
advance ***********ee
defense
joined joint P
****e***

case
cause o * * *

uneasy
***°*°°°**
noisy
nerves
nervouS
fibres
*******od
void fibrous
woman avoid
human Women

humane
 CONFLICTS 35

Thomas James Ka..

Alfred . Robert
Albert
solid 1 heavy ....S..

V followers
policies
valid followed ****°

modern marine

refinery refiner

utterly truly
amazing amusing
amused
amazed

honestly nicely
nice
honest
female family *****°***

morale
moral

advert divert

superintendent super

device devise advice advise ..

hardly heartily
hard heart

separate support X.....

press memberss
brace
cause
influence

during the thru the

 TOO!
DO I T
CAN
YOU

tunnel
36
a*

avocation
channel

vocation
approach
****

valuable
bridge ********s.

available pure
***

poor
at least

at last creator

creature had not

was
had been
single
certain
apparently
partly deck decay
dock tug . .
beam
boom
hole
hull ..

shore
ship
pier tier door

price prize appraise

raise race

test taste

proper appropriate
attach
touch
avoidable
inevitable
defect
difficulty
defective
difficulties
CHAPTER X11I

INTERRUPTIONS

Assuming you are taking dictation from your employer, or tak-

ing the testimony of a witness in an examination before trial, and
the speaker drops his voice or a simultaneous noise drowns out a
word or two, or he mentions a name which is unusual, it is good

practice to ask the speaker, "Would you be good enough to re-

peat that name" "What was the last word," etc. This will evoke
or
the repetition of the lost word or hard word very quickly and
with no loss of time to continue the dictation. If you don't do
it then, you may find no opportunity later on to get the missing
material, and you will have a "hole" in your transcript. It is your

aim, as guardian of the record, to make a perfect, verbatim tran-

script, if at rare times the
even interruption may result in a cold
must be diplomatic
glance or a sign of annoyance. Of course, you
about it, and not constantly interrupt, otherwise the speaker may
"train of thought." A note
have a bit of difficulty in catching his
There are occasions dur-
of caution should be added at this point:
cross-examination where the opposing law-
ing the taking of a fast and he
to give the witness a chance to hedge,
yer does not want
Should a name or word come up
keeps pushing" the witness. don't interrupt if it is not a
here which is hard for you to grasp,
a pause or a recess, and then
ask
propitious moment; wait until
you men-
what was that word or name
the person, "By the way,
"Would please spell that name you stated during
tioned? Or, you
what you want, with-
the examination." This method will get you

37
 IT TOO!
YoU CAN DO
38
counsel that
that th
the tenographer
the part oB
out any fecling on
"not getting it."
er
reporter, I a
sorry to say, who is not
nos
is
There is
6 one of the
one

best writers in the world, and he 1S known as the the "traffic cop
time he finds it ho
shorthand scribes. Every hard
among the
he throws up his arms,
Wait
and says, "Wait aa minute, I' Im not
gets
have every reason to doubt LCtn
sledding,
course the lawyers
this." Of
circumstances that thes.
admit
his com
petency. Never under any they
fast for you. You may tell them that you haven't heard th.talk tos
clearly, or the figure clearly, and make them repeat-but do
undermine your reputation as a high-class reporter by adi
er by not
admitting
you are not getting it. If you find that they are talking ex
fast and yo are having a really tough time of it, ask
alking extremely
them
speak louder, or clearer. You will find that when they do so to
invariably talk slower-although I must admit that they
once Ien
en
countered a witness in a divorce case who could not
but faster, and I had
only talk loude
quite rough sailing on that
occasion, but
nevertheless I turned in a verbatim
transcript.
CHAPTER XI y

SOME ODDS AND ENDS

Should the time come when

you are ready to g» out and do
porting work, whether in the courts or the free-lance re
may be called upon to act as a field, you
or to mark
Notary Public to swear witnesses
exhibits. In connection with the
administering of an
oath, of course in the court-room the official court
clerk does that,
so you are relieved
of that duty.
However, let us imagine are
you
taking a
deposition or an
examination before trial. After counsel
have dictated to youthe terms under which the
deposition is be-
ing taken-stipulations, as they are called, about "All
questions, except as to form, are hereby reserved for the objections to
with regard to trial," or
signing and certification of the deposition, or the
waiver thereof where agreed to, then
you ask the witness to stand
and raise his right hand-and
you raise your right hand, too, and
say slowly and distinctly-make it sound solemn and
with all the dignity you are impressive,
capable putting
of into it-"Do you
solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give in the case
of John Jones, Plaintiff v. William Smith,
Defendant, shall be the
truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you
God? After he replies affirmatively, ask the witness to be seated,
sit down yourself, and then ask, "What is your full
name, please?"
Then write it in bold longhand across the face of the page.
In some cases it is good practice to ask also, "What is
your
residence?", because I have found irom past experience that coun
sel are grateful when they know the address where a witness
may
39
 YoU CAN DO IT TOo
40

be reached, if necessary. But even if you do not, you

wil
find that counsel asks after the first question or so,
"AAnd general
it in the what 's
your residence?", so that you are certain to have
in any event.
recond
CHAPTER XVy

MARKING EXHIBITS

Now, as for marking exhibits, it is customary to mark all papers,

etc. offered in behalf of the Plaintiff with numbers, i.e., "Plaintiff's
Exhibit 1"-whether in evidence or just marked for identification;
and to mark all Defendant's exhibits with letters, i.e., "Defendants
Exhibit A," etc.
You will find it helpful to have a slijp of paper next to you on
which to check off each exhibit as it is marked, so that you may
keep an accurate list of them. I generally have two columns, one
for the plaintiff's exhibits and one for the defendant's exhibits, and
as each document or paper is marked, check off the number or
letter under the respective column.
At the end of the case or hearing, I have an index of all exhibits
made up, describing them and showing on which page they may
be found, so that counsel have casy access to all the details regard-
ing their marking in the record. Counsel appreciate this bit of
thoughtfulness on the part of the reporter, and it creates good
will which often rewards the conscientious reporter for the extra

trouble in making up this index.

41
 CHAPTER XVI

OF THE COURT PORTER

DAY IN THE LIFE
A

what it must be like to report

Have you ever wondered ases in
take you on an imaginary visit
Isit to my
a court-room? If so, let me

visit any court in the United Sta s, "

court, although you may be
cause all courts are open to the public. The only possible excep.
tions were during war-time, when impOrtant admiralty cases
ere
heard in camera, or when the Judge thinks it in the public's inte
inter-
est not to hear the details of a particular case.
My table and chair are just in front of the witness box where T
can clearly hear and see the witness and the Court,
he is or as
sometimes called, "Your Hono." To my lett are counsel for
the
respective sides-plaintiff and defendant, in civil cases. Occasion-
ally, the plaintiff is in the cloak of the Government of the
States, prosecuting for some criminal violation of a Federal United
thru the person of the United States statute,
District Attorney or a member
of his staff.
It is my duty to record all statements
the witness by the Court, counsel and
during course of the trial. This is at
the
cause counsel times difficult be-
get a bit "heated" in a
the life or case, especially one
liberty of their client, and they will
involving
dle of a interrupt in the mid-
question or answer, or even a
tunately for the Reporter, he has a statement by the Judge. For-
and each of these number of columns in his
columns is book,
in the trial.
The first column in assigned to the important "actors
sel, or the my 5B book is for
Government, as the case plaintiff's
coun
may be; the second
column 1s
42
 A CUSTOMARY DAY IN COURT 43

for defendant's counsel; the third for the Court, and the fourth
column for the witness,
As cach person speaks, I put his remarks in the proper column.
Perhaps it would be better to give you a visual picture of what I
mean. Toward the end of this book I have
hand notes written in a trial I
reproduced my short-
reported some time ago, together
with the transcript, so that
you will be able to see exactly how this
is handled.
Note the ease with which one
can pick out the
marks of counsel or the court or the
respective re-
witness. If need be, I can
Write as many as
eight persons' remarks before it is necessary to
write out the name of the ninth
person speaking. I subdivide the
various columns, because in some
big cases in my Federal Court,
as stated
previously, I had as many as 24 lawyers representing more
than twice that number of defendants in a
mail-fraud action, and
it was necessary to utilize
every columnar space.
Of course, after a witness is
sworn, his remarks must be tran-
scribed absolutely verbatim, that
is, word for word, no matter
how foolish it may sound to
you or how unusual it may appear,
because once the witness raises his
right hand and takes the oath,
it is incumbent upon
you, the reporter, to transcribe exactly as
spoken.
I recall one time when a witness was on the stand
This witness did not speak English too
testifying.
well, nor understand it
fully. He was asked, "What relation is Mr. Jones to you?" and
the answer was, "He is my mother-in-law." I looked at
him quiz-
zically and repeated, "Mother-in-law?", and he said again, "My
mother-in-law." I knewperfectly well that he meant "brother-in-
law because I had taken a previous witness testimony in the
same case and knew what the true
relationship was, but inasmuch
as he had said "mother-in-law" under
oath, I had to transcribe
it that way. Later on-still the same witness-he was
asked, "When
were you there last? and his
reply was, "Oh, I ain't been there
 IT TOo1
CAN DO
YOU

44 me,
to me, but it was
nosense my .
since from yet."
"It
made

he language
the
language
as givecn. duty to
reproduce

reporter is called upon

Don to
hfully rep
reporter
faithfully trial
the tria
the
the
read
Often
during

o r an answer,
or
even many pages. The
many

rcad it clearly and

ability to back
find
a
question

quickly
in your
notes,
and to

It makes me eel very rapidly

good
wil
stamp
you
an
as an. A-I reporter.
of argument o
back a long passage
indes
have read
mony, after I tes
hen, his Honor says, "My! you read that just like it was printed
in English." The competent reporter never suffers any embarras
called upon, and
i
is believe
and believe me, there
there a
whenever so no
ment
place in the world that is more uncomtortable or emhar rassing to
other

be in than a crowded court-room, where you are the cens

hundreds of pairs of eyes and you are unable to read von
ur not
with facility. Better not to be a reporter at all than undei
of having the Court or
humiliating experience counsel doubt your
ability to "take" it.
After all the testimony is in, the Judge will charge the
This is probably the most important part ot the trial, because jury.
in i
the Court tells the jury what the law is that must be
them to the facts. On it may depend whether a applied by
man goes to
or is let out free. jail
Courts, too, are human, and sometimes they
in their statement of the err
law, so an
appcal is taken to an
court, or appellate court, where the upper
reviewed and eithercase is
affirmed or reversed. Your
stenographic record plays a most im-
portant part as a cog in the wheels of
you make an accurate word justice, and it is vital that
court-room. picture of what took
place in the
Reporting verbatim is an art; it is creative.
or
prosaic about it. It brings There is nothing dull
walks of life, and you into direct contact
you learn with all
what makes a
a
good deal about human
man "*tick," nature-
Sometimes the case
as
they say.
tugs at being tried is a bit
your
heart-strings, and you humorous; sometimes It
might feel a
lump in your
 A CUSTOMARY DAY IN COURT 45

I
illustrate both extremes to you. Many years ago
throat. Let me
a negligence case, involving the collision
of two auto-
was reporting
direction, and another in
a
mobiles, one in
traveling a westerly
northerly direction. lt was a smash-up, and cach driver
pretty bad
witness to the accident,
brought suit against the other. The only
however, was a sweet little lady, well over
65 years of age. She
examination by
was subpoenaed to court to testify. During her
in her
counsel, she spoke rather rapidly, and once during pause
a

noticed that she was staring8

testimony, T happened to look up and
moment or two later I
looked
right at me. I was a bit puzzled, and a
while talking a
up again and found she was still staring at me, all the
third
Again I was puzzled, and when it happened
a
blue streak.
at me so?" "Is my
time, I began to wonder, "Why is she staring
face dirty?" "Is my tie off?" "Why?"
witness suddenly stopped. There
Still very rapidly, the
talking
to her and said,
was silence in the court, and the Judge turned
"What is the matter, madam?'
She replied, "Judge,I can't talk any more."
Why not?" said the Judge. "You were testifying just a

moment ago."
"I can't
Quick as a shot, she said, "Judge," pointing
at me,

loud laughter ensuing gave me a chance to

keep up with him." The
really relax after that work-out.
another case where 16 young men
On the other side, I recall
without arms or
were brought into the
court-room, most of them
Merchant Marine sailors on board a
vessel
legs. They were young

blacked-out on the Atlantic Ocean, carrying

a
during the war,
to our Armed forces in Europe.
Unfortunately,
cargo of supplies deck
the ship, got drunk and ran out on
the skipper, or captain of
hand. "Bang'" went a torpedo into the
with a flashlight in his
submarine that was lurking
side of the ship, sent by an enemy
went down quickly, and,
of course, these only
nearby. The ship Atantic
life-boat on the icy North
Survivors were adrift in an open
 TOO!
CAN
DO I T
YOU

46 over days
18 days efore a Ca
Mostadvanof
for
February
month
of them
them back toi land.
during
the and brought
them up
destroyer
picked set in mputations of
and a m p u t a t i o n s
of arms
and legs
had g a n g r e n e against the owne
nst the owners of
these
fellows

A suit
was
brought the ves
were
necessary. and a large monetary verdict
monetary
of negligence, was
the ground I have often
sel on

given to
the
unfortunate
youngsters.
But

not compensate for

bught that
the world would ss of
all the money in but neathy than rich
health; that I
would rather be poor
have other cases, varying
trom runnino a still
and
sick
Then you may or
to an infringement suit involving millions of dollars
selling opium,
breach of you may be takine
contract case, or one
time
or a
underworld who talks out of the
testimony of a denizen of the side
of his mouth, using the particularly colorful slang that is gen.
erally heard among them, or you may be reporting the cultured
tones of a college professor giving a dissertation on the constella.
tions found in the Milky Way, or a Hollywood like celebrity
James Mason or Charles
Chaplin-you, in the reporter's seat, hear
them all, from every strata of society. You
listen, you are im-
partial, you play favorites, and yet you are human-you feel,
no

you react, and tho the torrent of words streams

onward and ever
onward, your pen unceasingly keeps
you are really the "silent man."
writing, writing, writing. For
I think there is nothing more
porter. You command fascinating than being a court re-
a
good salary, ranging from
year to $9,500.00, plus transcript fees
$4,500.00 a

graphic minutes are ordered for to be earned when steno-

And the nice
part about it is that
purposes of
appeal.
Courts are shut during the summer, when most
which time down, you have a long
you can vacation with pay,
or
go fishing. To travel, or "shoot" pictures in natural uu*d
color,
me, it's the natural co10
grandest life of all.
YOU CAN DO
IT TOO!
CHAPTER XVI1

HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

he tollowing principles, from 1 to 181, fully cover everything

that use in my daily court work. A mastery of them will guar-
antee increasing your speed well above what you have now.
They are not listed alphabetically, nor according to importance.
They are culled from the millions of words I have written over
the last 20 years.
They are as follows:
. "time"-This word occurs most frequently, and its use in
phrases is quite important. When standing alone I write it out
fully; in phrases I use the "t" stroke, as follows:
at the time at another time

at any time at what time

at that time at this time

at one time at no time

at the time of the up to the present

accident time

prior to the time M what time of day

NoTE: Where the "*" stroke cannot be conveniently used in a

phrase, I use the "m" stroke, as in:

around the time
all the time
at the same time
at some time

47
 DO
IT TOO!
CAN
roU

Pitman shorthand this

write stroke is
Pitman st.
8 In
strokes:
strokes:

much
is m uch quicker
quick to
Double-Jength

It 15
Tt a
2
one
of al
to
write.

. . . .
cnter
A word
than a
fastest motor

the
contents
cont .d... actu-
.

.
like: letter
deduct
deduct
like:
in
small
word
.where you
have to be so careful exer

cution that
ated down. 1heretore, I have extended
the doubl.
slows you
it actually
follows:
as
principle,
ing
words ending in "king," as in
A. For

making
packing
walking looking
checking talking
You will find that by writing words in this
manner, you wil
write them quickly and without conflict in
reading back. Don't
be afraid; they have been tried under "battle"
stand the
conditions and
test perfectly.
Sofor many years I have always had
the double length stroke. feeling about "nice"
the tip of the
Whenever I write it, it seems to zip off
pen withthe greatest of ease
and facility, and
ways seems easy to read these it al-
The extended use of double length strokes.
the double
many of the top notch length principle has spread to
thing which is reporters in the field
today; it is not some-
Here are otherpeculiarly exclusively
or
my own
extended uses of the possession.
B. Words ending in
doubling principle:
word "ted." This occurs
"'submitted"
Youou will . Now look
very often. Take the
notice at
sure of
high
at once
the
great "submission'" .a...
"submission" ..a..
may be speed, they are apt to similarity, and under the pres-
occasions when look exactly pres
which, and you the context won't alike, and there
there
at these may be forced help you tell which
ou tell
words and see to
guess at which is
the great the outline. Or look
similarity: look
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 49

admitted admission

elected clection ***

permitted permission

affected affection
deducted deduction
connected connection

As I said above, when written at great speed the conflict would

be even more startling in writing or reading.
Therefore, in order to avoid this dangerous conflict and to make
for faster writing, I double-length most words ending in "ted,"
with an exception incorporated in the NoTE below:

located repeated

attempted repeatedly
elevated generated

contacted L
shifted *************

omitted started

Notice that in writing these past-tense words in double-length

small "ted" tick thru the outline to make
fashion, I have put a

not misread. For instance, "elevator" ... and

certain it is
"elevated" .L "promoted" . and "promoter" e

And look at the tremendous high-speed phrasing possibilities

write the word "submitted" in this stream-
you have when you
the phrase "'sub-
lined manner. How many times have I written
a "admitted to the
mitted to the court and jury" . or

bar or submitted the case to the jury" . t

 DO 1T TOO!
YOU CAN
50
ttle word
out ittlewords such
enabled
to e a v e
not the
"of the"
You are

etc.,
and yet
there is slightest dificult n tead
t o the," "I have
have omitted
Or look at the phrase: to
ing
them.
.Scvf-11 11 wwords in ask
Honor to
charge the jury"
yo
Under high speed
pressure, I
have found the use stro
these prin
ke
me to catch
most helpful
in allowing up with the
ples racing
the same time avoiding conflicts. I am very
pcaker, and at
tosay that in teaching these high speed principles to- happy
over a period of 20 years, I have seen students who at student
na
rather skeptical about trying it out, and who, after a shor first were
of time, became the most enthusiastic followers in their 1 period
their use of
advanced steps. So just give it a fair trial. If you find tho the
t
cannot "take" to it, just drop it. But I am quite certain that you
that once
having tried it you will not forget or drop it. It is exactly
taking pictures with your camera-at first in like
black-and-white and
them in natural color. Once you have
then taking done that,
rarely go back to the first one. you

NoTE: It is advisable to double-length words

not
the "n" hook, as in "rented"-it is better to write it ending with
or the " or "v"
hook, as in "drifted"-it is better to write
it ..

C.
Double-length for "whether," and by adding the "n" hook,
you get "or not."
You mayremember that early in
your learning you double-
lengthed for "there" or "their," "dear"
ample, you would write:I have their and "other." For ex
are other letter" .. or "there
subjects"
extension of the
. .. or
"My dear sir" ... . The
doubling principle could well take in the d
"whether," as follows:
Tell me whether
Tell me whether or
not
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 51

State whether or not

Do you remember whether or not
Do you recall whether or not

Can you state whether or not

D. Double-length the following:

when a when you . . . . when you say ..C.
would .. would you ... would you say
what what you what you say

with with you what would you say

you . you were you would

were you able to .A.
were L....-** were you were
These last phrases are often heard, and full advantage of them
can be taken when phrased in this manner.
NoOTE: See the difference in size between "you would" .D....
and "lower" .
Later on, there will be further examples of the extension of the

doubling principle.
in certain phrases, such
3. you'" hook may be used for "your
as:

in your territory
i n your book
in your chambers
in your own -

in your town
in your own way

the court-room every day, listening

4. "how" tick. Sitting in
whether it covers a criminal violation of
to all kinds of litigation,
 CAN
TOO!
DO IT Too
yoU

52
case,
orr
o a
negligence case
a
patent

it is
is aamazing how in
many fim
statutes,
aa person,
person,

Federal of
death
asked in each case.
death
our

injury
or

uestion
will
will be asked
be On
ing
the
of
questio

apt to hcar
to hear is "How far
the
s a m e
type
e x p r e s i o n s
you
arc apt
arc

a c c i d e n t ? "
away
c o m m o n

s c e n c
of the
the
from
ou
would you
say .

times
many
"How
or owe" .h.
did you
money
much
"How
or accident"
after the
soon
How
or

of the word "how," especiall. at the

constant use
Notice the reporters have
top-notch reporters have take
Theretore, many
start of a
sentence.
the "how" tick. We do
do iit in this
known as
of what is
up the any part of the "ho
use
We take
"how" is written . ..
way:
known as tourth position,
that is, and
in what is
and write it first position is above the ine,
all know that
We
neath the line. line, and fourth is
undemeak
ernea
third thru the
second on the line, upward or downwan
tick in either an
the line. Write
the "how follows: For example:
on the next word that
direction, depending
how soon
how much .. how many-. *0*******

how tar away wero you p * * °******

how far . .

howlong howlong have you been .

have you been there

**

how long
how long have you known

how long have you known hi

how did you do

how often how did you ... .
often
1
now

how do you do . howwide

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 53

5. "about"-Another important and oft-occurring word in both

business and reporting vocabularies is "about." It is used many
times to start a phrase, For example, in the court-room I have

frequently heard the following:

"About how far away"

About the time"

Also, I have found that when it is written as we all learned it

originally, many students misread it for "of you." Therefore, in
order to avoid this error, and to enable you to write it as part of

a phrase, write "about" in fourth position, or underneath the line,

as follows:

about about how long

about how far about the time

about how soon about which

about how much about how wide

don't worry about the

In writing these outlines in fourth position,
down into the next line; you will
possibility that the phrase may go
to read notes.
still be able your

been found from an actual count,

6. "he" and "him" tick. It has
words "he" and
and from hearing them in the court-room, that the
with greatest frequency,
and inasmuch as they are
him" occur

it has been necessary to

use a principle which
spoken with rapidity, and at the same time
short-cut them phrasewise
Would enable one to
conflict. Therefore, write "he" and
with no danger of
be readable, There is no conflict,
"the" tick, in phrases.
"him" as you write the between them.
in telling the difference
the context always aiding you
 11
CAN DO
YOU

54 the
In the
In first place.
place, whene
ever "he
what I mean.

Let me
show
you

a phrase,
such as:as: "He""He"
. or "he
or
starts
the "h' stroke downware
stands by itself, you
use

end of
of
will be there"

"he" or
"him"
oc
o cc
cuur
rss
in the
in
middle
m

makes
or
iddle o r

the sharpes
a
nrase
e
that
the angle
whenever

Write it at
use the tick.
For cxample:
and he has been
did he how long have you
tell him known him

and I said
and he said (Note difference in angle)

and he told her

and he told him
what did you say
what did he ...k.
to him

what did you say to him

and what did he say to you

(13 words in one phrase)

what he was I do not know him
I do not know whether or not he is .
if he said

Never use the "he" tick to start a phrase; only medially and at
the end.
Did you note the phrase: "What did you say to him and what
did he say to you." . . I t occurs so often in court
work and usually with such great rapidity that I have no trouble
in writing it even before the last part of the out of
phrase is the
speaker's mouth. You can almost see the phrase coming, and
illustrate it to my classes by humorously telling them that
it in this high speed manner enables the reporter to finish tne
wWritlng
phrase completely before the last word has come out of the speakc
 HIGH SPEED PRINGIPLES 55

down, stretch his arms, relax, and then pick up his

put his pen
pen and still be at the hecls of the speaker without losing a word.

7. from" and "to"-Where a word follows "from" and the

the "from and
same word immediately follows "to," leave out

the "to by writing them in close proximity, as follows:

from day to day from year to year

from door to door from city to city

from week to week from hour to hour

and they
8. "of the"-These words also occur very frequently,
can be handled in any of the following ways:
such
By intersection, as:

truth of the matter

home of the boy
the best
witness o n e of
testimony of the
defendant
of the contract answer of the
making
close
write the words
cannot conveniently intersect,
or, where you
together, as follows:

the court ..
opinion of

what time of
the day
week
at the end
of the

head of the department

and the
the words together,
can even join
cases you
or, in
some
as in:
be understood,
"of the" will
of the jury
It is the province
of the
defendant ... ..--.

negligence
thru the
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
56
9. alternative"-This word can best be handled by intersectin
follows:
the "tiv" stroke, as

no alternative

I have no alternative

what is the alternative

There is another alternative

only alternative
that is the only alternative

10. Repetition of exact words. Many times when a question is

put to a witness, he will answer it by repeating verbatim the words
contained in the question. For example:

"Q. He was the only one that knew about it? A. He was the
only one that knew about it."
This would be written:.....A. .
or

Q. When did you go there? A. During October, I went there

on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday. During November I
went there on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday."

This would be written: ***

F:
or

"Q. Was this the regular practice in the school? A. Yes, this
was the regular practice in the school."

This would be written: .h.

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 57

or

I told Jones it was not the proper thing to do, I told Smith
it was not the proper thing to do, and I told the others it was not

the proper thing to do."

This would be written:. --------9

11. Punctuation marks: In taking testimony, or "Q andA,

I don't write either the sign for "question" or for
"answer. put
them in the proper columns, which vou will see at the end of the
book. Also in taking testimony, I do not use a period to indicate
the end of the sentence. I leave a little larger space between the
end of one sentence and the beginning of a new one. The other
punctuation marks are as follows:

comma. question mark quotation marks

colonx.. parentheses semi-coloon dash
exclamation mark paragraph sign
To indicate where the speaker or dictator spelled out a word, I
underline the shorthand outline twice.
To indicate where the speaker desires block letters to be used, I
write 3 little dashes under the outline or words as follows:
This is the way to make the BIG FOUR work."

...
12. Numbers. It is best to write all numbers in numbers, ex-
cept "6 which most times should be written in shorthand in order
to avoid conflicts as follows:
6 styles these styles
6 days . these davs
6 men these men
 2013
Nav
acte
58 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
u m

13. Dollars and cents are best written as follows:

Leave out the sign for "dollars" and "cents by writing a little
lit
a

line under the cents figure, such as:

$6.50 $150.75 $.45

..SO ..50

14
Intersections: Thru the use of intersecting strokes, many
high-speed short-cuts can be obtained, as follows:
A.
Where a particular name occurs over and over again in a
case, such as: "Mr. Benjamin," after the first few times, write
it: .

B. Where the name of a company comes up many times in

your line of work, shorten it as follows:

Brown Manufacturing Company

National Biscuit Company
Pitman Publishing Company
New York Power & Light Company
Zimmerman Engineering Company f
Paramount Picture Company

C. To avoid possible conflicts, intersect the following:

obligation application
Jackson Johnson
cab
car

map
copy
 yoU CAN DO IT TOO
58
13. Doliars and cents are best
written as
follows:
Leave out the sign for "dollars" andree
cents hgure, such as: by writing l
line under the
$6.50 $150.75 $.45
.L50 5
14. Intersections: Thru the use of
intersectina es.
high-speed short-cuts can be obtained, as follows. okes, man
A. Where a
particular name occurs over
d over
and
case, such as: "Mr. Benjamin," after the first few again in
am:
it times, wrie
B. Where the name of a
your line of work, shorten it
company comes up
many times in
as follows:
Brown Manufacturing Company
National Biscuit Company
Pitman Publishing Company
New York Power & Light
Company
Zimmerman Engineering Company
-
Paramount Picture Company
CTo avoid possible
conflicts, intersect the
obligation following
Jackson application a o a * * * * *
Cab Johnson
map car
copy
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 59

D. To shorten rather lengthy outlines, intersect the following

Declaration of Independence

Abraham Lincoln
Thomas Jefferson
President Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

George Washington
Washington, D. C.

in Washington
Boston, Massachusetts

Boston, Mass.

Detroit, Michigan
safe deposit box
safe deposit vault -

Chase Bank & Trust Company

First National Bank & Trust Company

contradiction
without fear of
abundance of caution
out of an
bicarbonate of soda
J
sodium pentothal

similarly can be intersected

names and other words
E. Proper
íollows:
or joined as

General Electric Company

60 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
John Smith Company

John Smith & Company

AluminumCompany of America
Aluminum Corporation of America
New York Beverage Sales
Company
Westinghouse Electric Company
Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Erie Railroad Company
Borough of Manhattan
Borough of Brooklyn .X.
--.

Borough of Queens ..
Borough of Bronx
Borough of Richmond
Borough President's Office
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Public Service Commission
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Power Commission
Federal Reserve Bank
Federal Reserve Board
Federal Bureau of Investigation
 61
HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

F.B. 1.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

R.F. C.

revolutions per minute

T . p. m.

rankand file

rank and file members .

Consolidated Edison Company
if I am not mistaken

If I am in error

it goes without saying

be that as it mayy
Narcotic Bureau

Narcotic agent
*"***o-

narcotic addiction

income tax

income tax case

income tax violation

income tax law

income tax return

income tax prosecution

stop me if I am wrong

correct me if I am wrong
 62 YOU CAN DO I1T
TOO!
15. Closings of letters may be
length the first stroke of the handled as
follows: D
phrase, as ouble
Very truly yours
Yours very truly

Sincerely yours
Respectfully yours
Very sincerely yours
Very respectfully yours
Cordially yours
Gratefully yours
Yours truly

16. Dates may be written

as follows:
July 4, 1776
November 16, 1909
December 17, 1938
During the month of
September, 1942
17. Singular and plural combinations. Where a word occurs in
singular form, followed by "or" and then the plural of the identi-
cal word, write:

person or
persons agent or
agents
servant or servants - - . .
D---.
corporation or corporations - -*

18.
Positive-negative
0nly by "or" and then the
rule. Where a
positive word is followed
exact opposite of the
as follows: positive word, write
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 63

wisely or unwisely

loading or unloading

correctly or incorrectly

consciously or unconsciously

probability or improbability

right or wrong

truthful or untruthful

direct or indirect

the stand, let us

19. In taking testimony, where the witness on
out the name
say, is Miss Jennifer, or Mr. Lewisohn, after writing
times, I little "x" under the line to indicate
fully the first few use a

that name. For example:

A. I live in New York
Q. Mis Smith, where do you live?
City.
---.

remember the accident? A.

"Q. Now, Miss Smith, do you
I do.
1
Smith? A. Nobody. I saw

"Q. Who told you about it, Miss

it myself.

very often and warrants

a
which occurs
20 say-A word
the "s" circle to indicate "say," not only
short-cut in phrases. I use
conflict with
avoid a
of reading but also to
for speed and ease

see," as follows:
 64 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

you say *
let me say
you see
.a.) let me say to you
.....
Vou say you As I say
Do you say I would say
What did you say I would say so
What did you sec Did he say V..
can you say Did he say to you . a..
would you say What did he say to
what would you s you

when you say What did you say to

.
him
when you say that
.. ----

21. ask"-I use "sk" in phrases, as follows:

we ask if you ask
we ask your Honor -.... may I ask you
let me ask you would you ask
did you ask him
would you ask him
let me ask you this
would you ask her ..
question
when he asks
22. "ing" followed by "him," "you," etc.-Write the
"him" tick for
or
"you" sign in place of the dot "ing," as follows:
telling him
giving you .-.
telling you renting him
telling the truth
renting you
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 65

tellingyou the truth. getting him

giving him getting you

23. "and a half-Write this expression as follows:

six and a half ... inch and a half

three and a half mile and a half

three and a half one and a half

miles million

nine and a half week and a half

feet year and a halt agO

24. already"-may be intersected as follows:

I have already said -- -----

As I have already testified

He has already spoken

I have already explained .
We have already done

25. "before"-may be intersected as follows:

I have said before.. As I said before .

26. "I"-One of the most important words, whether in busi-

ness or court dictation, and the short-form of "T" should be writ-
ten as follows:

I have I suppose

I think I do not think

 66 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!

I will I do not think it is

Iwould
necessary
I want -** **
I may
I did not .
I believe
(NoTE: "I can" slanted the other way to avoid conflict
with I may

27. necessary'"-In phrases, this method is especially handy:

It is necessary

I do not think it will be necessary....

lt may be necessary for us

It was necessary

Is that necessary

28. period of time"-occurring in phrases as follows:

some period of time

long periods of time

regular period of time

for some period of time

short period of time

29. The blending principle: Where the last stroke in a word

and the first stroke of the immediately following word are the same,
write them as follows:

animal life little longer than

social life ..a little louder -
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 67

I take exception speak a little louder &

laid down --- interested witness

carried down
disinterested witness
satisfactory reason

satistactory result
personal injury
personal knowledge
N
friendly relations high school and

capital and labor college

30. Wel1-known expressions can be written as follows:

Atlantic Ocean up and down

from coast to coast . a a

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic to the from Canada to the

Gulf of Mexico
Pacific ***

31. Additional use of intersecting principle:

m" stroke for "mention," as in:

A.

which you mention

when did you mention

was it mentioned

have already mentioned

I

for "manager," as in:

B.m
or
credit manager ... Salessales manager. 0.-----~***

office manager... . general manager . . .

68 YOU GAN DO 1T TOO

"m" for "morning," as in:

C.
Monday morning the other morning

yesterday morning in the morning

on the morning of
that morning

D. "m"
m for "magazine," as in
National Geographic this magazine

Magazine New York magazine

m" for "'mark," as in:

E.
9
trade mark
high water mark
skid mark
low water mark .
tire mark
ink mark

as in:
stroke for ""anything,"
F.
F. "ing"
Was there anything
said anything said
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 69

32, A fast way of writing these common expressions:

fair and reasonable

fairly and reasonably

fair and impartial

fairly and impartially

fair and reasonable consideration

entitled to recover

entitled to damages
competent producing cause

cause of the
competent producing
accident

cause of the
competent producing
injury
nine times out of ten

pain and suffering

of the man
pain and suffering

pain and suffering of the plaintiff

be written as follows
33. *was"-may also
this was ...
if it was .
I think it was *****

that was
I think it was
the next
when was
necessary
time
 70 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!

34. "would" may also be written as

follows:
this would be that would be
we would be glad if it would be
35. to learn-written in phrases as follows:
I am glad to learn
T am very sorry to learn

We are surprised to learn

We are sorry to learn ----

36. "litigation"-in phrases, write as

follows:
at the end of the
litigation
outcome of the
litigation
in the result of the
litigation
source of litigation

37.
"impression-may be handled as follows:
I was under the
impression
we were under the
impression
my impression
it is my
impression ..
38. inclined to"-may be written:
I am inclined to believe
I am inclined to think
I am inclined to say
I am inclined to try
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 71

st loop used for "is it" in phrases:

39,
is it -- K......

is it possible

is it necessary

is it necessary for you1

40. "str" loop used for "is there" in phrases:

is there *******

is there any
as there ----

as there is

as there is nothing

has there - -***

has there been

word is written with an upward

41. prior-in phrases, this
in the following high-speed
ray" stroke to accommodate itself
manner:

to the time
prior
prior to the day
accident
prior to the time of the

to the time of the impact

prior
prior to the recess

to the end
prior
prior to the beginning
 72 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
prior to the conversation

prior tothe receipt of

your letter
of the 16th.

42. "whether"-In writing it in the old

often been misread for style, this word ha
"where," ""away," "we are," or were
even
possibly for "which are. To avoid any
use the only non-Isaac Pitman
stroke in my entire
possible conflict, I
is the Benn Pitman
stroke for "w," as follows: system,I
and that
this "w
stroke...which is my word double-length
By adding the "n" hook to it, I sign for "whether."
get the wonderful
or not
Note its phrase "whether
not adaptation
or "is whether
to: *as to
whether or
or not
.

Will you seate whether or or

not S ctc. By using this
stroke, you will surely avoid
dangerousd
weather," is of course written in the usual conflicts. The other word,
way . . . .
43. "examine"-Since it
occurs often in all
it can be cut down
as follows:
types of dictation,
examine .

examined
examines
examineer
examining cross-examiner --------.

direct examination of the

witness - - - - - --

cross examination of the witness

examination of the records
examination before trial
examination of the books
but note:
mental examination
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 73
physical examination
health examination
dental examination

neurological examination
44. "between-written as follows obtain
to
good phrases
between them
between the parties
between the attorneys
between the attorneys for
the respective parties

45. Distinguishing between "may" and "might. Avoid coon-

flicts by handling as follows:
it may be they might be
it might be we may have
I may try we might have .
I might try it may seem

they may be it might seem

46. Avoiding dangerous conflicts on the following words by

writing them as follows:
not quite in ****

any
This is vitall; important, because *not" could be misread for
quite" at even low speeds. For example, "Jones is not right"
. !could be turned into "Jones is quite right'd.a...
which has absolutely the opposite meaning intended.
 74 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO
l is also important to
distinguish between "in" a
ascontext sometimes may not
help in and
Note the possibility
of distinguishing between ny
misreading "I
don't think he is
in s
now sfor "I don't think he has
any trouble now." rouble
47 Handling of
apostrophied words:
was was not
wasn't
1S ---A---- --- - IS not
isn't
could could ot
couldn't
should
should not ....4. shouldn't
would ***

would not .
wouldn't
had
had not
hadn't
do not
don't J-
did not
didn't
I'm I've I'l
I do not -
I don't I don't say -..
I did not J... I didn't I didn't say....J.
---

that is right
that's right ***-****

that is correct 6
that's correct
48.
Frequent occurrence of *Yes," "Yes, sir," "No," "No, sir,
followed by other words:
yes
Yes, I know
yes, sir
Yes or no .
yes, I did
no

yes, sir, I did a.

no, sir
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 75

Yes, I have no, sir, I did not

have no, sir, I have not

Yes, sir, l
think so no, sir, I haven't
Yes, I
49. f or "v" hook used for "have," "to have" or "of," makes
available such excellent phrases as:

which have been which you have seen ksz

ought to have been rate of interest

do you have .------ bit of information

if you have - -

alleged to have been

if you have not been after you have done

that you have after you have gone

50. "n hook for "own,""opinion," on and "than," as

follows:
rather than
my opinion
* * * * * - - - * - - -

smaller than
your opinion
larger than
our opinion

their opinion .2 ...--

quicker than

faster than
our own ***7

sooner than .. 2..-..

later on ----

stroke for these high-speed outlines:

51. like"-use the "k"
something like ...a...Z
I would like
something like that .a
I would like to have .---

something like it ..
I would ike to state -*** L..--
 YOU CAN DO IT TOo!
76

Iwould like to nothing like that

show you
nothing like it
if you would like
anything like that
****s
look like
anything like it
looks like
somebody like that
..a
.
looked like
anybody like that
looking like
see anything like that..
52. anything about"-I write this common expression with the
about stroke intersected as followS:
I do not know anything about that
I cannot recall anything about it
Was anything about that said

53. exactly" and "exact" in phrases:

I do not know exactly
I do not remember
exactly
I do not know the exact date 1
I do not remember the exact time

54 "charge"-important word written as follows:

charge account I ask your Honor to
interest charge charge the jury
I charge you charge of the court --.-

in charging you will you charge the

jury
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 77

request to charge I decline to charge

Honor to I decline to charge
I ask your
the jury
charge

55. Phrases involving "your Honor," the "court," etc., writ

ten as tollows:

If your Honor please

If your Honor pleases

May it please your Honor

May it plcase the court

If it please your Honor

If it please the court

I ask your Honor

Will your Honor charge the jury

it follows:
5 6. -body"-streamline as

anybody nobody
anybody else everybody
everybody else
somebody ***

somebody else .. human body

make for
57. Further extension of double-length principle to

fast, easily read outlines:

came
diagnosis * * - * - * *

came to a stop
diagnostic
78 YOU CAN DO IT 1O0!

L Come
diagnostician
tuberculosis Come to a
stop
chemical came to the
conclusion r
technical
Come to the
technically speaking .
conclusion
technicality come into being --..

prognosSis
came into being
problem came into the
military picture

purpose came into effect

for the purpose customer

exclusive customarily
exclusively neighborhood
arteriosclerosis in the neighbor-
hood of
orthopedic
imprisonment .

orthopedist
gangway
arthritis
gang-plank -

arthritic
arthritic condition going ** ***

going down
arthritic changes
sacroiliac going upp
going there
sacroiliac joint
.
going ahead
claim
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES
79
proof of claim
brother
claim agent .Ser... brother and sister
claim of the brothers and sisters
plaintiff brother-in-law
claims of the
premiumm
defendant G . life insurance
it is the claim of premium
the plaintiff . pre-trial calendar

58. work"-a most important word, since it occurs quite fre-

quently, and I have found the need for much better outline
a

than the one we all learned originally; therefore, I have experi-

do writing above 200
mented a bit. Athigh-speed-and I mean

have "w" hook on a downward

found that using the
wpm.-I
"r"stroke is pretty tough to write with any degree of legibility,

and I settled on the following as being easier to write at top speed:

Workmen's Com-
work
pensation
works Workmen's Com-
working . pensation Law .

worked . Workmen's Com-

...
pensation Act
worker
Workmen's Com-
worked there
pensation case -.

possible
without any hook where
(Note: I use the downward "r
work"...)
a betterjoining:
"particular line of
in phrascs for
such
stroke may be safely dropped in
59.
additional"-the "T
phrases as:
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
80

additional cost

additional expense
additional information

additional work

60. "perfectly"-may be shortened n phrases, as follows:

perfectly satisfactory
perfectly glad
pertectly agreeable
pertectly sure

perfectly plain
perfectly clear

perfectly done

61. entire" and "entirely"-I find it better and casier, whether

in phrases or standing alone, to write them as follows:

entire

entirely
entirety
entirely satisfactory
entirely satisíactory to you

entirely agreeable
entirely possible
entirely clear

entirely ccrtain
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 81

62, evidence-a most

important word, written as follows:
evidence

in evidence

what is the evidence

introduced in evidence
I offer in evidence
I offer it in evidence
Do you remember the evidence
from the evidence

63. witness-in the same category as the above, written as

follows
witness
witness stand
on the witness stand

statement of the witness

examination of the witness

.
direct examination of the witness

cross-examination of the witness

demeanor of the witness

during the examination of the witness ..

testimony of the witness
in witness whereof
 YoU GAN DO IT TOO!
82

interestcd witness

disinterested witness

credibility of the witness

recollection of the witness
memory of the witness

64. "question"- probably one of the most

used in high-speed work,
important woOTd
should be written as follows:
question
questions
O----
questioning
questioned
questioner
questionnaire
questionable
question of fact
questions of fact
question of law
questions of law
---

read the questioon

repeat the question

answer the question

answer my question
2
answer that question

what is the
question
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 83

what is your question

will vou answer the question

will you plcase answer the question

will you repeat the question
leading question
I object to the question
that is the question
$64.00 question
65. object"-falls in the same category as above, should be

shortened as follows:

object I object .---

objects I object to it

I object to that
objected
that
objecting I object to

question
objective
I object to this
objectionable question
my objection Iobject it on
to

what is the the ground that . - -o*-.-

objection I object to it as in-

I sustain the competent, irrelevant
and immaterial -
objection
I overrule the objected to as incompe-
objection tent, irrelevant and
no objection immaterial
 TOO!
YOU CAN DO IT
84
hear the objection
do you have any there is no objection .d
objection
Thave no objection
objected to

that is objected to
My only objection A
proper
foundation ha
the ground that
no
to that on
object
been laid

and *effect"-stand.
"of the fact," "of the
effect," "fact"
66
66.
fact facts
should be written:
ing by itself,
"effect" should be written: -

But in phrases, note the following:

because of the fact

because of the effect

due to the fact

due to the effect

by reason of the fact

by reason of the effect

on account of the fact

on account of the effect

matter of fact

as a matter of fact

question of fact

questions of fact
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 85

questuon of law -

questions of law
in view of the fact

in view of the effect

issue of fact

iSsues of iact

67. "that there," "the other"-can be written as follows:

that there
that there is

that there will be

that there may be

the other

the other day

the other night

the other morning

the other man

the other car

the other side of the street

the other side of the road

the other side of the avenue 1.

the other side of the case
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
86
entitle"-an easy way to write, as follows:
68.
entitle

entitled

entitling
entitled to a verdict

entitled to recover

entitled to recover a verdict

entitled to compensation

entitled to consideration

69 verdict"-normally written out, but write in phrases as

follows
verdict

your verdict

reach your verdict

verdict for the plaintiff

verdict for the defendant

70. move" and "motion"-write as follows:

I move to dismiss

I move to dismiss the in-

dictment
I move to dismiss the com-
plaint
dismiss the complaint
motion to dismiss the
complaint..
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 87

I move to strike it out

I move to strike it out as

not responsive

I move to strike out the

answer

I move it be stricken

I move it be stricken from

the record

cut down when

stand
71. "defendant-an important word,
follows:
ing alone or in a phrase as

... ------

defendant
.--

defendants
--°-0 ******|
defendant
counsel for the

that the defendant

defendant
the
in favor of
against the defendant

defendant's exhibit A .A
defendant
the
testimony of
defendant
statement
of the
defendant

should be
for the
defendant

must be for the

defendant
to be for the
ought
defendant
the
will be for
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 87

move to strike it out

I move to strike it out as

not responsive

I move to strike out the

answer

I move it be stricken

I move it be stricken from

the record

down when stand-

71. defendant"-an important word, cut

alone in phrase as follows:

ing or a

-- - - - --
defendant
defendants
. - - - - - - -

.
counsel for the defendant
- - .--
****

that the defendant

defendant
in favor of the
against the defendant

defendant's exhibit A --.

A.
defendant .dt.
testimony of the
defendant
statement of the
defendant
should be for the
defendant
must be for the
defendant
ought to be for the
defendant
will be for the
 yOU CAN DO I oO

72 gniffnomaly writtes out wiie tanding aln

i pir

plaintiff
n favor of the plaintiff

gainst the plaint

at the end d the plaintiffs casr

tsthe daim of the plaintif

aintiffs exhibit 1

o n the plaintif

tat the plaintif

lsr the plaintiff

siteaid be for the plaintiff

13 be for the plaintif
sught to be for the plaintif
wl be for the plaintif
t che plaintif

gsigence"-occurring quite otien, in phrases shorten

Ealiows
diur te neghgence
dur t e nezligence f the deiender
tharu t r of the deiendar
negligence
by rcean of the negligence of the deit
leatt

omittory neghigence
 YOU CAN DO I1T TOO!
88

written out when standing

72.
72. "plaintiff"-normally
alone, bu
in phrases:
plaintiff
in favor of the plaintiff
against the plaintiff

at the end of the plaintiff's case

it is the claim of the plaintiff

plaintiff's exhibit 1

upon the plaintiff

that the plaintiff

for the plaintiff
should be for the plaintiff
must be for the plaintiff

ought to be for the plaintiff

will be for the plaintiff

on the plaintiff

73.
"negligence-occurring quite often; in phrases, shorten
as follows:

due to the
negligence
due to the
negligence of the defendant
thru the
negligence of the defendant ..
--.

by reason of the
negligence of the defen-
dant

contributory negligence
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 89

contributory negligence of the plaintiff

free from negligencec

freedom from negligence

freedom from contributory negligence

guilty of negligence

not guilty of negligence --

74. accident"-shorten it in phrases as follows:
due to the accideent

before the accident

after the accident

after the accident happened
when the accident happened
where the accident happened ....

at the scene of the accident

at the time of the accident

at the time and place of the accident

competent producing cause of the

accident

75. as far as" and "so far as"-write as follows:

as far as I am concerned

as far as you are concerned

as far as we are concerned o

So far as I am concerned
 DO IT TOO!
YOU CAN
90
concerned
you are
So far as

so far as we are
concerned
.
IS Concerned

are concerned

a m concerned
--
We are concerned

your concern

76. court"-occurring frequently

in such phrases as:

Federal Court

Supreme Court

Supreme Court of the United States

United States Supreme Court ---

Court of Appeals
Court of General Sessions

Court of Special Sessions

Court of Domestic Relations

Court of Claims

Municipal Court

Magistrates Court
City Court
Surrogate's Court
District Court
United States District Court
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 91

District Court of New York

Southern District of New York

District Court of California

77. "Federal"-also often heard, write as follows:

Federal

Federal Government
Federal Court
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Power Commission
Federal Communications Com-
mission

Federal Reserve Board

Federal Reserve Bank

Federal Bureau of Investigation

78. increase, decrease-these commonly-occurring words can

be shortened in phrases as follows:

salary increase
little decrease
some decrease a..x
large increase
there will be a decrease .
several increases

consider"-and its derivatives, handled in phrases as

79.
lows:
you will consider

consider whether or not o..

you will
 92 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

you may consider ....

you may take into consideration

taking into consideration

took into consideration

taken into consideration

you will take into consideration

also take into consideration

80 into account"-write as follows:

take into account take for granted

takes into account taken for granted
taking into account ..J. taking for granted . ******

took into account .--- took for granted ..

81. "difference"-in phrases, as follows:

what difference does it make

doesn't make any difference

difference of opinion
differences of opinion

82. only"-when written , it conflicts with "in

which," "knowledge," "catch," "get," etc. Better write it asfollos
only my only hope
not only it is the only way
that is the only way in which
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES
93

A3, unless
when
written..6.. also conflicts with "in this,"
knowledge of, etc. Better write it:

unless S. unless there is

unless and until ..S unless you find

84. couple of an casy way of intersecting this common ex-

pression:
couple of times couple of girls

couple of fellows couple of men ....

couple of boys couple of kids

85. colored"-may safely be written with "k" stroke inter-

sected as follows:

colored fellow colored person

colored man colored girl

(NOTE: There is no conflict with "couple of.")

86. "is it or is it not," "did you or did you not," "would you

or would you not," etc.

can be written as follows:
These frequently occurring expressions

is it or is it not

is it or is it not a fact

is it or is it not true

did you not

a n w * *

did you or

did you not say

--.---

did you or

did you or did you not testify

 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
94

or would you not say

would you

is it not a fact

is it a fact

is it the fact

These expressions can be written:

87. common

side by side there and then

word for word right then and there.

word of mouth right there and then.

here and there somehow or other

then and there in and out

88. "reasonable," "reasonably"-shorten as follows:

reasonable

reasonably
reasonable or unreasonable

fair and reasonable

fairly and reasonably

fair and impartial
fairly and impartially
reasonable man

reasonable person
reasonable prudent person

reasonably prudent person

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES
95

reasonably prudent man

reasonable degree of care

reasonable degree of caution
reasonable degree of care and caution
reasonable degree of certainty
reasonable degree of medical
certainty
reasonable consideration
reasonable compensation

89. recover"-shorten as
follows
entitled to recover can recover

sues to recover cannot recover

seeks to recover . he cannot recover

desires to recover she cannot recover

90. "property"-normally written out when standing alone but

in phrases it may be casily shortened as follows:

property stolen property

my property Stolen Property Act .

personal property Alien Property
Custodian
real property

91. "miles an hour," "miles per hour"-in negligence actions

this phrase occurs constantly, and should be written as follows:

40 miles an hour 40 miles per hour ---

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 97

about the two or more

at o r

time three or more

96. conversation-casily written in these phrases

telephone conversation .----.

in my conversation

in my conversation with him

did you have any conversation with him ...hae..

did you have any further conversation

what was the conversation

handled in this way:

97. as follows"--nicely

t
reads as follows
as follows
states as follows
is as follows . - - - .

as tollows:
98. "expense-shorten
out-of-pocket
personal expense
expenses
medical expense good deal of
at our expense expense

necessary expense . great deal of

expense
reasonable expenses

in a phrase, write
standing alone or
business"-whether
99
as follows:
bus1ness.
what is your
business
none of your b u s n e s s . A .
business man
 98 YOU CAN DO I7 TOO!

business expense in business

business school business letter

100. Description of time of day-write as follows:

A.
morning"-use "m" stroke intersected:
Monday morning the other morning
Tuesday morning tomorrow morning
Wednesday morning . . this morning
***.

Thursday morning on the

morning of ****.

Friday morning yesterday morning ***

Saturday mornng A 8 o'clock in the

Sunday morning morning

that morning some morning
..s....

in the morning early morning .

B. "afternoon"-use "f" hook and n" stroke with final
hook "n

Monday afternoon Sunday afternoon

Tuesday afternoon 2 o'clock in the
Wednesday after- afternoon
noon
.....2 in the afternoon
Thursday afternoon yesterday afternoon 2..
Friday afternoon tomorrow afternoon .x
Saturday afternoon. carly afternoon
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 99

""Cveninguse " hook and "ng" stroke:

Monday evening Saturday evening

Tuesday cvening Sunday evening
Wednesday evening. 9 o'clock in the
evening
Thursday evening
tomorrow evening ...
Friday evening

hook follows:
D. "night use
"n as

Monday night Friday night

Tuesday night Saturday night * * *

Wednesday night Sunday night

the other night
Thursday night
writen in phrases with "str" loop as
101. store-can be
follows
your store
my store

grocery store
candy store

vegetable store
chain store
department store
large store
inside the store
Woolworth store

102. "in touch"-can be quickly

cut down as follows:

get in touch get in touch with

you
get in touch with me.
got in touch

get in touch with

got in touch with me..
him
 100 YOU CAN DO IT
Too!
keep in touch
kept in touch
keep in touch with
kept in touch with
you
you
keep in touch with kept in touch with
him
him
keep in touch with
kept in touch with
her her
keeping in touch

103. "engineer-intersect "jnr" as follows:

civil eng1neer
consulting engineer
electrical engineer chemical engineer
locomotive engineer ..... electronic engineerT
industrial engineer mining engineer ---- .....

104. "memorandum"-intersect "dum" thru other stroke as

follows
memorandum
written memorandum

regular memorandum
memorandum of law
credit memorandum
short memorandum

long memorandum
memoranda

memoranda of law
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 101

105. system written as follows in phrases:

school system ordinary system

bank system regular system
our system this system
Social Security system ad.a.

106. Certain words can be written casier as tollows:

distribute determining
distributes determination
determinative
distributing
distribution pedestrian

distributor District * * * * * * * * * *

District Court
distributed
distributive
District Attorney
District Attorney's
distributively
Office
distributorship Assistant District
determine Attorney
determines District of Columbia -
determincd

stop"-can be
written in phrases as follows:
107.
came to a stop
will you stop
good stopping place
will you stop there
quick stop
come to a stop
102 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

108. city," "statein phrases, written as follows:

City of New York in the City of
State of New York Chicago
in the City of in the State of
New York Pennsylvania
in the State of in the State of
New York Kentucky
109. "Senator from intersect as follows:
Senator from New Senator irom
York
Georgia
Senator from Ohio
S Senator from Utah

110.
A. "counsel for the-heard frequently, written
so as
follows:
counsel

counsel for the plaintiff

counsel for the defendant .---

counsel for the defense

counsel ior the prosecution

counsel for the Government

counsel for the respondent

Counselor-at-law

B.
B. attorney"-written as follows:

attorney
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 103

attorney or the plaintiff

attorney for the defendant

attorney for the defense

attorney for the Government

attorney for the respondent

attorney-at-law

-write "d" stroke in the following man-

111. department
ner

bank department
shipping department
records department

Department of Justice

Labor Department
Department of Labor

Commerce Department -

Department of Commerce

icense"-use "T stroke intersected as follows

112.
export license
driver's license
licensed pilot
license plates ********

marriage license
liquor license -

medicine
duly licensed to practice
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
104
dollars a," "dollars per-OCcurring after figures,
113. Wite
as follows:

$40.00 a day $40.00 per day

$40.00 a week $40.00 per week 0

$40.00 a month
$40.00 per month 0 ****

$40.00 a year $40.00 per year J0

room"-written with 'm" stroke

underneath preced.
114.
ing outline:

Jury room
court room

state r0om
living room
front room
dining room
rear r0om

salesroom
in this room
the other room

as follows:
attention-use
"t"stroke intersected
115.
my attention

attention has been called

my
to the fact
attention has been called
my
call your attention

to the matter
call your attention

our attention

immediate attention
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES
105

116 "require and its

derivatives-write "r" stroke intersected
as follows

you may require

you will require

should be required
your requirements
their requirements
meet the requirements

117. favor"-double-length "f" stroke, not only when stand-

ing alone but in phrases:

favor
favors
favoring
in favor of the plaintiff

in favor of the defendant

in favor of Government

118. "purposec -standing by itself or in phrases, write as fol-

lows:
purpose for the purposes

purposes
what is the purpOSe

our purpose
purposely
for the purpose no purpose

1or the purpose of there is no purpose

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 105

116, "require and its derivatives-write "" stroke intersected

as follows:

you may require S...

you will require - Ll..

should be required **

your requirements
their requirements ---

meet the requirements

117. favor"-double-length "f" stroke, not only when stand-

ing alone but in phrases

favor

favors

favoring
in favor of the plaintiff

in favor of the defendant

in favor of Government

118. purpose"-standing by itself or in phrases, write as fol-

lows:
purpose for the purposes

purposes what is the purpose

our purpose
purposely
for the purpose no purpose

1or the purpose of there is no purpOse

106 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!

119. "frequently-hecard very often, so write as follows:

frequently most frequently

very frequently with great frequency ..----.

120. "hospital"-occurring in many phrases, write as

follows
brought to the hospital

left the hospital - --

in the hospital

went to the hospital

entered the hospital
remained in the hospital
United States Marine Hospital ..O
Roosevelt Hospital .
Staten Island Hospital
merchant marine hospital

Army Hospital
Navy Hospital
Queens General Hospital
in-patient of the hospital
out-patient of the hospital

121. in order" and "in order to"-write

exactly the same, be
cause if you shorten "in order to," at high-speed it can easily be
misread for such words as:
glad, called, honored, in our, nor, et
Therefore, to avoid conflict, note these outlines:
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 107

in order in order to testify

in order to in order to get
in order to show in order to de-

in order to make scribe

in order to have in order to see

122. with regard,"

"with reference" and "with respect
much better to write as shown below; otherwise it is possible to
misread if written the old way: f o r "to record"; or
"with referençe".co.. misread for "to refuse"; or *with
respect" misread for "we said" or "we speak" or "we
sat," etc.

A.
with regard

with regard to the

with regard to the matter

with regard to the subject matter

with regard to your letter of the 9th

B
with reference L
with reference to the
with reference to the matteer
with reference to the complaint
with reference to your letter of
the 14th
 108 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
C.
with respect

with respect to the

with respect to the matter
with respect to your letter of the 16th .
with respect to the contract

123. in regard," "in

reasons as noted
reference
and "in
respect"-for the same
sa me
above, should be written as follows:
A.
in regard
--- -------
in regard to the
**

in regard to the matter

/20
in regard to your letter of the 20th

B.
in reference
.--

in reference to the
in reference to your letter of the 24th

C
in respect
in
respect to the
in
respect to the matter
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 109

124. "in receipt of and "acknowledge receipt of"-avoid con-

fict by wrnting as follows:

We are in receipt of your letter of the 11th..

We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 11th.. .

This is to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 1lth. O.
We wish to acknowledge receipt of your inquiry....
125. "insurance"-occurring often enough to warrant a short-
cut as follows:

life insurance - ---. life insurance

life insurance rates Company ----**--

fire insurance
fire insurance rates
company
life insurance
for insurance ****

policy
126. in the exercise of-write as follows

in the exercise of

in the exercise of caution

in the exercise of discretion .

127. "in size" so-and-so-handled casily by writing number
inside "ses loop

in size 12 in size 36

128. "jury"-may be written both ways, depending on previous

stroke

jury
 110 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

gentlemen of the jury

ladies and gentlemen of the jury

Members of the jury

court and jury

court and the jury

tell the court and jury
tell his honor and the jury
Will you tell the court and the

grand jury
jury
A
petit jury
submitted to the jury
submission of the case to the jury

129 Little words like: of, a, to, and, or, etc., may be safely
omitted in phrases as follows:
during the month of September

November and December

June and July

in response to your letter of

the 14th

as a matter of fact

let us hear from you

please let us hear from you

line of work
 111
HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

line of goods

to me
it appears
.......
to me
it scems

or two
in the last year
mean to say
do you
by that
What do you mean

mother and father

years of age

how old are you

used to represent a number ofi

130. T stroke may be safely
fear of conflict-context being the
without
important words,
as follows:
greatest aid in
determining,

at the end of the litigation

driver's license

grand larceny

grand larceny in the lst degree

petit larceny
cost of living
high cost of living 1
standard of living

I am glad to learn

interested to learn
I am sorry to learnn
 112 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!
we were surprised to lcarn
.
fracture of the leg

fracture of the left leg .--.

-.

intoxicating liquor
mother-in-law

father-in-law
son-in-laaw

daughter-in-law
brother-in-law
sister-in-law

Lieutenant Brown
letter of apology

alphabetical order
letter of recommendation

131. "mortgage--an important business word, written as tolk

lows:
first mortgage
second mortgage
chattel mortgage
Smith Mortgage Company
purchase money mortgage
132. "in which"-cut down as follows:
only way in which
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 113
manner in which
as to the manner in which .
in the manner in which
this is the manner in which...Q/
133. "Mr." so-and-so-written as follows:
Mr. Reporter Mr. Speaker
Mr. Stenographer k.a.. Mr. Chaiman ...
Mr. President Mr. Foreman
Mr. Foreman and members of the jury
and
where the name of a particular person occurs again and again in
dictation, write as follows:
Mr. Button Mr. Reynolds d.
Mr. Johnsbury Mr. Markel
134. Certain phrases may be written in stroke form, as follows:
by parcel post ******
by return mail
by air mail
all along the line
Klu Klux Klan .***********
corned beef and cabbage
in full force
in full force and effect
 114 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

line of lcast 1esistance

lifc, liberty and the pursuit

of happiness

food, clothing and shelter ...

in any shape or form

stop, look and listen

lock, stock and barrel

135. "pardon'"'-in phrases, use

"p stroke as follows:
I beg pardon
I beg your pardon
if you will pardon me

Will you pardon me

I beg your Honor's pardon

Presidential pardon

136. "railroad"-important word, written as follows:

railroad ***|

railroad station
railroad crossing T
railroad tracks **

railroad car
Erie Railroad Company

Pennsylvania Railroad Company

 101
HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

"systemwritten follows in phrases:

as
105. ordinary system
s c h o o l s y s t e m

regular system
b a n k s y s t e m

this system
9
o u r s y s t e m

Social Security system.a

.
follows:
as
be written casier
words can
Certain
106.
determining
distribute
determination

d i s t r i b u t e s

determinative

distributing8
pedestrian
distribution

District
distributor
District Court

d i s t r i b u t e d

District Attorney

distributive District Attorney's

distributively Office
Assistant District
distributorship
Attorney
determine
Columbia -b7
District of
determines

determined
follows:
as
writen in phrases
be
'stop"-can
107. came to a stop

will you stop good stoPping place

will you stop there-A quick stop

come to a stop
 DO TT TOO!
YOU CAN
102
written as follows:
"state" in phrases,
108.
108 "city,"
in the City of
New York
City of Chicago
New York
State of in the State of
of Pennsylvania
in the City
New York
in the State of
in the State of Kentucky
New York

as follows:
109. "Senator from"-intersect

Senator from
Senator from New
York Georgia
.
.S
Senator from Ohio Senator from Utah

110.
A. counsel for the"-hecard so frequently, written as follows

Counsel

counsel for the plaintiff

counsel for the defendant

counsel for the defense

counsel for the prosecution
counsel for the Government
counsel for the
respondent
counselor-at-law
B.
"attorney"-written as follows:
attorney
 103
HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

for the plaintiff

attorney

defendant
for the
attorney
---
--

defense
tor the
attorney

Government

for the
attorney

respondent
tor the
attorney

attorney-at-law

man-

d " stroke
in the following
department-write

111.
ner
bank department

shipping department
-

records department

Department of Justice

Labor Department
Department of Labor

Commerce Department

Department of Commerce

follows:
intersected as
"license"-use
"T" stroke
112.
export license

driver's license ..
licensed pilot
license plates marriage license

liquor license
medicine
licensed to practice
duly
 104 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

113 dollars a," "dollars per0Ccurring after fip

as follows: figures, write
$40.00 a day $40.00 per day
$40.00 a week $40.00 per week
$40.00 a month $40.00 per month
$40.00 a year $40.00 per year

114. "room"-written with "m stroke underneath

ing outline preced
court room
Jury room
living room . state room
dining room front room
salesroom rear room
the other room
in this room
O.***

115. "attention"-use "t"stroke intersected as follows:

my attention
my attention has been called1
my attention has been called to the fact
call your attention
call your
attention to the matter
our attention

immediate attention
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 105

require"
116 r e q u i r e
and its derivatives-write "" stroke intersected
as follows:

you may require

vou will require

should be required

your requirements

their requirements
meet the requirements

"f" stroke, not only when stand-

117. favor"-double-length
but in phrases:
ing alone
favor

favors

favoring
in favor of the plaintiff

in favor of the defendant

****

in favor of Government
***

in phrases, write as fol-

by itself or
118. "purpose"--standing
lows
for the purposes
purpose
what is the purpose
purposes
our purpose
purposely
no purpose
for the purpose

for the purpose of there is no purpose .

 DO IT TOO!
YOU CAW
106
heard very
ten, so
ofter so write
write as fo
as follo
"frequently"
19.
most frequently
frequently
with great frequency
very frequently

in many phrases, write as fol.

llows;
120. "hospital"-occurring
brought to the hospital

left the hospital

in the hospital
went to the hospital

entered the hospital

remained in the hospital

United States Marine Hospital ...Q

Roosevelt Hospital A.
Staten Island Hospital

merchant marine hospital

Army Hospital ---.--

Navy Hospital
Queens General Hospital
in-patient of the hospital
out-patient of the hospital

121. "in order" and

"in order to"-write
cause if
you shorten "in order
exactly the same, be
misread for such words as:
to," at high-speed it can casily be
glad, called, honored, in our, nor, etc.
Therefore, to avoid conflict, note these outlines:
 107
HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES

in order to testify
in order

in order to get
in order t o

show
in order to de-
order
to
in scribe
make
to
order in order to see
in
have
order to
in
*"with reference" and
"with respect"-
with regard," to
below; otherwise it is possible
122.
wnte as shown
better to or
much for "to record";
if written the old way:. - - .

refuse"'; o r with
for "to
misread

Kso.. misread
"we
with referençe "we speak" or
misread for "we said" or
respect..

sat," etc.

A.
with regard
to the
with regard
matter
the
with regard to
matter

to the subject
with regard
letter of the 9th
with regard to your

B.
with reference

the
reference to
with
matter
reference to the
with

reference to the complaint

with
letter of
reference to your
with
the 14th
 IT T00!
YOU CAN DO
108

with respect
with respect to thec

matter
with respect to the

with respect to your letter of the 16th

with respect to the contract

123. in regard," "in reference and "in respect-for the

reasons as noted above, should be written as follows:
same

A
in regard

in regard to the

in regard to the matter

regard to your letter of the 20th

B.
in reference

in reference to the
in reference to your letter of the 24th

C.
in respect

in
respect to the
in
respect to the matter
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 109

n receipt of and "acknowledge receipt of"-avoid con-

24 as ollows:
follows:
writing
ict
M
by
it

in receipt
of your letter of the 11th,
We are

acknowled receipt of your letter of the 11th...

th.. . .
We

his is to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 11th. 6V

Wewish
to acknowledge receipt of your inquiry.

insurance-Occurring often enough to warrant a short-

05

cut asfollows

hfe insurance
life insurance
company -***
ife insurance rates
fire insurance
fire insurance rates
company
life insurance
for insurance
policy

of-write as follows:
126. "in the exercise
in the exercise of
caution
in the exercise of
discretion
in the exercise of
nurmber
s0-and-so-handled easily by writing
127. "in size"
inside "ses" loop:
in size 36
in size 12 ...
on previous
both ways, depending
128. "jury'"-may be written
stroke:
Jury
 110 YOU CAN DO IT TO0!

gentlemen of the jury

ladies and gentlemen of the jury

Members of the jury
court and jury

court and the jury

tell the court and jury
tell his honor and the jury
Will you tell the court and the
jury ...
grand jury
petit juryy
submitted to the jury
submission of the case to the jury

129. Little words like: of, a, to, and, or, etc., may be
omitted in phrases as follows: safely
during the month of September ..
November and December
June and July
****** ********

in response to your letter of

the 14th
as a matter of fact

let us hear from you

please let us hear from you

line of work ******°-*°**°-***
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 111

line of goods

to me
it appcars
scems
to me
it
last year or two
in the
mean to say
do you

by that
What do you mean

mother and father

years of age ---.

how old are you

used to represent a number of

130. 1" stroke may
be sately
of conflict-context being the
words, without fear
mportant
as follows:
aid in determining,
greatest
at the end of the litigation
driver's license

grand larceny
in the 1st degree
grand larceny
petit larceny
cost of living
* *

cost of living
high
standard of living

I am glad to learn

interested to learn
* * * * * * *

learn
T am sorry to
 YOU CAN DO IT TO0!
112
K
we were surprised to learn

fracture of the leg

fracture of the left leg

intoxicating liquor
mother-in-law

father-in-law
son-in-law .
daughter-in-law
brother-in-law
sister-in-law

Lieutenant Brown
letter of apology

alphabetical order
letter of recommendation

131. mortgage"-an important business word, written as fol.

lows:
first mortgage - - -

second mortgage

chattel mortgage ****

Smith Mortgage Company **

purchase money mortgage

132. "in which"-cut down as follows:
only way in which ---
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 113
manner n which
4sakno+asai

the manner in
asto
which.
in the manner in which

this is the manner in which bL.

Mr." so-and-so-written as follows:
133.

M r .R e p o r t e r
Mr. Speaker ....
Mr. Stenographer
... Mr. Chairman

Mr. President
Mr. Foreman

Foreman
and members of the jury --
. . .
....
.
and

of a particular person occurs again and again in

the name
..here
follows:
r i t e as
dictation,
Mr. Reynolds
Mr. Button
Mr. Markel
Mr. Johnsbury
follows:
written in stroke form, as

phrases may be
134. Certain
by parcel post
by return mail

by air mail

line
all along the
Klu Klux Klan

cabbage
corned beef and

in full force
effect
full force and
in
 114 YOU CAN DO IT
TOo
line of least resistance

life, liberty and the pursuit

of happiness

food, clothing and shelter

---.
in any shape or form
stop, look and listen
lock, stock and barrel

135.
"pardon"-in phrases, use
"p" roke as follows:
I beg pardon
I beg your pardon
if you will
pardon me
Will you
pardon me
I beg your Honor's
Presidential pardon
pardon
136.

railroad
railroad"-important word, written as
follows:
railroad station
*****.

railroad crossing
**-***.
railroad tracks
***-****

railroad car
Erie Railroad Company 1 ****

Pennsylvania Railroad Company

**********
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 115

New
York Central Railroad Company
Union Pacific Railroad 1
Southern Pacific Railroad

and relerenceshortened
37 "refer follows:
as

reter
referring to your letter
of the 10th 0

refers
will you refer
referred

will you please refer.

referring
I have reference to
reference
your
letter of the 4th
references -

138. Common Latin and other expressions, written as follows:

guardian ad litem noblesse oblige

pendente lite nom de plume

res judicata non sequitur

res ipsa loquitur obiter dictum

res gestae pari passu

/writ of habeas quid pro quo

corpus qui vive
Writ of certiorari -

raison d'etre
ad infinitum
reductio ad
pro hac vice absurdum

de minimis non savoir faire

lex curat
sine die ******** ***
 YOU GAN DO 1T TOO!
116

prima facie status quo

* *

prima facie case - - ****

sub rosa ).
subpoena duces /ultra vires
tecum
vox populi
damnum absque
amicus curiae
injuria
modus vivendi .--
/ ad valorem

modus operandi bonafide

laissez faire corpus delicti

ad hominem de bene esse

caveat emptor ex parte

casus belli functus officio

coup de grace in extenso

coup d'etat in personam

ex post facto in rem

e x officio
ipso facto
dum spiro spero lis pendens
entre nous
locus standi
fait accompli
nolle prosequi
faux pas
non compos mentis

flagrante delicto nunc pro tuncC

hors de combat
per curiam
in loco parentis
quantum meruit
interalia
... sui generis
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 17

vice versa
in transitu

viva voce
mea culpa

m u t a t i s m u t a n d i s
persona non grata

"refresh"and its derivatives-write as follows:

139.

refresh your recollection

refreshed your recollection

refreshes your recollection

refreshing your recollection

recollection
refresh your
Does it
recollection
refresh your
Will you
recollection
after refreshing your
recollection
refresh your
Let me
-

refresh m y recollection

refreshed my recollection

refreshing my recollection

recollection
refresh my
it may

B. ..-.

refresh your memory

refreshed your memory

refreshing your memory

refresh my memorY
 1 18 YOU CAN DO IT TOO

refreshed my memory
refreshing my memory
It has refreshed my memory

140. ng" stroke intersected also represents

le" in phrases,
"angle
as follows:

right angle left angle

45 degree angle 5 sharp angle
wide angle the other angle

141. season may be written in phrases as follows:

spring season winter season
fall season summer season

last season Christmas seasopn .. ...

poor season at the end of the
season

142. "wait"-better written out, especially used in

as
phrases:
wait wait a second
wait a minute wait a while
wait a moment wait there

143. secretary"-written much faster when double-lengthed,

whether standing alone or in phrases, as follows:

secretary
secretarial

secretary of the company

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 119

secretary-reasurer

ar
Secretary of State

Secretary of Defense

Secretary of Agriculture ...

of the Interior .o.

Secretary

Secretary
of the Treasury .O...*****.

sfandard"-faster outline obtained by writing it double-

144.
lengthed, a s follows:

standard

standards

standardized

standard of living

standard of production

Standard Oil Company

Standard Oil Company of California

Standard Oil Company of New York

Standard Oil Company of Ohio

Standard Oil Development Company

145. "ship"-in phrases written as

follows:
in the middle of the ship . .

in the center of the ship

left side of the ship
 120 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

right side of the ship

port side of the ship

starboard side of the ship
captain of the ship

146.
"superintendent"-may be shortened as
follows:
superintendent
superintendent of the
building . .

superintendent of the
plant
Superintendent of Schools
super (slang for full word)
147. America" and
sible "American -use "m" stroke where
pos.
American Federation of
Labor
North America
South America
Central America
Latin America
United States of
America
American Razor Company
American Chamber of
merce
Com-

148.
"reason"-in phrases may be cut down
my reason
as
follows
 12

WIGH SPRED PRINCIPLES

what tne reason

for the e a s o n

..-..**
for that e a s o n

r e a s o n

no
is
there

another reason

why
r e a s o n

follows:

the only as
is phrases,
that in
alone or
written

be
"orrect"-can

C o r r e c t

that is corTect

* * * * * * *

that's correct

is it correct

s that correct

isn't it corTect

it is not correct

correct me if I am wrong

I am correct in say1ng

I am correct in thinking
I am correct in stating
DWhatis"-phrases involving these, easily written as fol-
tat is
vour name
your name and address
 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 121
your reason

the reason
what is
for t h e reason

for that reason

no reason
there is
a n o t h e r recason

that is the only

reason why
correct"-can be written alone or in phrases, as follows:
149
***

correct

that is correct -

that's correct

is it correct

*****
is that correct

isn't it correct

it is not correct

if I am wrong
c o r r e c t me

saying
am correct in
thinking
Iam correct in
correct in stating fol-
I am
these, casily
written as
involving
is-phrases
What

lows:
What is your name
and address

Wha
Vhat is your name
 122 YOU CAN DO IT T00

What is vour full name

What is vour full name and address

What is your business

What is your occupation

What is your residence

What is the matter

-.

What is the matter with you

*.
What is the matter with him -***

what is known as
*****-.
what is known in law
-***

what is called

151. did you do" and "do you do"-written in

lows
phrases as fol

what did you do what did you do with

what do you do her

what did you do with how did you do ********|

him How do you do?

152. "husband" and "wife" phrases:

my husband my wife - * * * * * * * * *

her husband your wite

your husband man's wife

husband and wife

 HIGH SPEED PRINCIPLES 123

cetain phrases, use "n" hook to makc a bet-

in
l o l l o w s

153
as

Army and Navy

j o m i n g ,

er
u pa n d down

w a r a n d p c a c e
*** wear and tcar ..

e v e n t
sick and tired
an

such
in
i n s u c h e v e n t
.... July and August-
"inall-in phrases, use the "l hook as follows:
154. CA
i n a l l e v e n t s
in all probability

of life in all cases ***************

walks
inall write as follows:
165.
first"-in phrases,
first mortgage
hirst time

first of all
first day
for the first time
the first place
in
when is the first time.
second place .

in the
what the first
from first to last .. was

time
what is the first time. .
this is the first
time .
shown by half-
or in other words,
156. "not"-in phrases as follows:
stroke and using "n'" hook,
lengthening previous
which were not
certainly not
I have not
absolutely not
is it not
I may not
you will not

definitely not
are not . . n . . .
(NoTE: you
 YOU CAN DO IT
124 TOO
157. "proceeding and "procedure' in
lows
phrases, write as
fe
divorce proceeding supplementary
statutory proceeding proceedings
Code of Criminal
bankruptcy
proceeding Procedure
criminal proceeding . .

. criminal procedure
civil proceeding civil procedure

court proceeding court procedure

.. ..
158.I show you this"-a phrase often heard in
mony, can be written as follows: taking testist-
I show you this
I show you this
I show you this exhibit
letter I show you this
I show you this picture
*********..
paper

159. you" on "n" stroke to form fast

a
outline, as follows:
Do you know do you know whether
What do you know . or not .
.
did you know did you know
whether he *Y**
160. Sentences starting in
be omitted as follows:
question form, the "you" may safely

Do you remember
.

Do you recall
 DO 17T TOO!
YOU CAN
146

clectrical engineer

locomotive enginecer

chemical engineer

industrial engineer

civil engineer

cost of production

high cost of production

cost of living (130)
*"****

high cost of living

.. ...
common stock
****

carried out

carried off

carried down

carried on

connected with the

in connection with the (164)

corporation
corporation counsel

company
this company ...---..

our company

. 2..
criminal case

careful
 HIGH SPEEDEED PHR ASES AND
OUTLINES 147
caelully

arefal consideration

arefully considered

cad.

CLO.

credit department

eredit memorandum (104)

the company
credit of
ean be of service to you

chief clerk

in the clerk's office

in the county clerk's office

cash discount

2% discount

customer(57)
customarily
customers of the company
capacity
in what capacity

in any capacity

Chairman of the Board

Chairman of the
company
Chairman of the committee
 148
yOU CAN DO IT TOO!

capital and labor (29)

******b*ov
car
**u********ay
Ford car

Packard car

railroad car

rear car

in the rear of the car

street car

street car of the defendant

certainly *******

certainly not (156)

I certainly will not A. ***

certainty
circumstances *****

under the circumstances

under the facts and circumstances

under the circumstances of the case

under these circumstances

came to a stop (107)

Come to a stop
condition
in good condition

in bad condition
 HIG SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 149

p h s i c a l c o n d i t i o n

mental c o n d i t i o n

. . . .
commisson

Commission
Public Service Ce

Federal Trade Commission

ederal
Commu nunications Commission
Iaterstate Commerce Commission

of New York
in the City
of New York
in the State
and State of New York
City, County
special committee (168)

sub-committee

Smith& Company (14-E)

Smith Company
conversation (96)
Ri..
telephone conversation

in my conversation

what conversation

did you have any conversation .h .

did you have any further conversation hS

what was the conversation

in your conversation

What was your

conversation
 150 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

what was your conversation with him

****
describe the conversation
carbon copy
carbon copy of a letter

carbon copy of the letter

*****
correct (149)

that is correct
&

is that correct

is it correct ****

isn't it correct *****

that is not correct

it isn't correct ******

am I correct in
thinking
am I correct in
say1ng
you are correct in
thinking ......
you are correct in
saying
court and jury (128)
court and the
jury
tell the court and
the jury
from the court
may it
**

please the Court

(55)
if the Court please
if it
please the Court
 PHRASES AND OUTLINES 151
SPEED
HIGH SPE

ontenipt o court

o f t h e c o u r t

Court
dutr
of the
duty
is
the
t Court

the
to
state
Court
and jury
to
the
of the Court
s t a t e

approval
the
subject to th

collateralsecurity

collective b a r g a i n i n g

accident
to the
tributed
to the happening of the accident
ntributed
contr.

attention to
the fact
call
attention to
the matter
call
attention to the fact
calls my
attention to the letter
call your

day
what day of the week (8)

what time of the day

what time of day

day in and day out

day and night

good deal of
great deal of
during the time
 152 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

during that time

during this time

during the course

do you remember

do you remember whether or not (2-C) .

do you recall

do you recall whether or not

****
decrease: (78)
small decrease
.

further decrease
******
direction
in which direction

in that direction

in a southerly direction

in a northerly direction
***

in a westerly direction
*****|

in an easterly direction

do you wish

do you wish us

distribute (106)
*****

distributes
distributed ****

distributing *
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 153

distributor

distribution

detemine

determines

determining

determined

determination

discuss with you

desire in the matter

desires in the matter

during the last year

during the last weck

during the last month

during the month of September 1951

Department of Commerce (111)

Department of Interior

Department of Agriculture -

Department of Justice
Commerce Department *********

driving license ****

driver's license
-***
do you say
did you say anything
 154 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

did you ask

did you ever
****
did you ever say
***

did you ever have

District of Columbia
*****a**.
Washington, D. C.
in
Washington, D. C.
do you mean to
say (129)
do you mean to tell us

do you want to
say (160)
do you refuse

what do you mean by that

what do you mean to say
dollars
dollars and cents
$50.00 a week (113) .509
$50.00 a year
50
$50.00 a month
.50.
$50.00 a day
.5
$50.00 per week
504,
$50.00 per year
.50
$50.00 per month .50
$50.00 per day 503
 HIGH
SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 155

(160)
k n o w

you
do
know
whether
her or not (2-C)
do you
did you know

know
whether not
did you

say (20) .
did you
did you say
what

did you
ask
what

to charge (54)
I decline
I decline
to charge the jury
charge the jury as requested
I decline to

denominate

denominated

denomination * * *

denominational

effect
because of the fact

because of the effect (66)

in view of the fact

in view of the effect -

by reason of the fact

by reason of the effect
due to the fact (66)
due to the
effect
 156 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

in fact

in effect
aasre*s.
********
in spite of the fact
e*****
in spite of the effect
as***..
what is the fact
* ********

what is the effect

***********.
despite the fact
carliest possible moment
Y
carliest possible time
enter into

enter into the picture

enter into the contract

enter into the conversation

evening
Monday evening (100-C)
Tuesday evening
Wednesday evening
Thursday evening
Friday evening
Saturday evening
Sunday evening
exhibit
exhibited a***s
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 157

expenses

medical expenses (98)

out-of-pocket expenses

p e r s o n a l e x p e n s e s

expenditures

experience

personal experience

business e x p e r i e n c e

medical experience

requirements
(116)
for your
for some time
*****

come
time to
for some

for some time past

for a short time

time (28)
for a period of
of time
for a long period
time
for some period of

for that reason (148)

for the reason

..
for these reasons
season
1or the summer

lor the coming season

for example
 yoU CAN DO IT To01
158

for instance

for you to say

to say
it is for you
fill your order

fill out

filled out
****
Federal Bureau of Investigation

F. B. I.

Special Agent of the F. B. I.

Special Agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Federal Government
*****

Federal Reserve Bank (78)

Federal Reserve Board
Federal Bureau of Prisons
friend of mine
friend of yours
for your information (171) *******

for my informationh
* * * * * * * * * * *

full particulars
**

for my examination

for your examination

financial responsibility
financial
responsibility of the
company
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND oUTLINES 159

fortunately

unfortunately

gle (140)
angle (140)
cvery

from
frequently ( 1 1 9 )

infrequently

from their (101)

from their store

5% (92)

5% discount

5 p e r annum

for t h e p u r p o s e

purpose
of reading
for the
of
for the period
of a year
for the period
National Bank (166)
First
Trust Company
National Bank &
First

f. o. b.
1952
Ist day of September
from the defendant

from the plaintiff

from the court
frce of charge
for heaven's sake
160 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

for the sake of argument

for argument's sake

father and mother (129)

mother and father
.

front fender
left fender
left front fender

four wheel brakes

few days ago
few minutes ago

few weeks ago

**
few years ago -

in a few months
.....
in a few years
free and clear
free on board
from start to finish

get off (172)

got off

get on

got on (50)

got on the car

got off the car

 161
HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES

good deal of

great deal of

condition (173)
in good
in bad condition

health (174)
a good
in bad health

grace period of
* * * * * * * * * * *

going (57)
I was going

we were going

they were going

going down

going there

going ahead

g0 ahead

go right ahead
get in touch with you (102)
***

got in touch with you

got in touch with him

gOt in touch with her

Keep in touch with you

pt in touch with
you
pt in touch with him
 162 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

general manager (31-B)

general manager of the company

generally speaking
strictly speaking
roughly speaking
broadly speaking
gains and losses

upon the ground

upon the ground that the

on the ground

on the ground that the

gangway
gangplank
handkerchief
linen handkerchief **** ***

what happened
what
happened to you
what
happened
after that
have you
any ideca
have you ever
(180)
have you ever said
have you ever tried
have you ever seen

******
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 163

he (
he will

he may

he said

and he told you ******

and I told you ****

and he said to me

and he said to himn

and he said to her

has not yet been

.
have not been

have not received

has been made

has been said

has been reached

half hour
half an hour
hold there
hold on
hold off
in good faith

in order to
in
order to show (121)
 164 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
in order to avoid

n view of the law

in your favor *******.

in your opinion
***

in your name

**********
in your town

in your chambers

in your territory
in the morning

in the afternoon
in the evening
****.

in any event
in the future
in the near
future ****
in the
very near future ***

in this connection
***

in order to
be sure ******N.....

in our opinion
in due course
in the past
in the
past week *** *°°**.°

in the
last year ***** ******

in the
last month
 165
HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES

two
or
a day
in
or
two
week
in a

o r two
a year
in
month or two
in a

will be interested
in which you

in businessS

in his
business (99)
out of business

in reterence to

in reference to the (123-B)

in regard to (123-A)
n regard to the

in respect to (123-C)
in respect to the

in regard to the matter

n regard to the subject matter

n regard to your letter of the 14th

answer to your letter of the 14th

In accordance with

14th
ACCordance with your letter of the

accordance with your instructions

you would (2-D)

you would like (2-D, 51)
 DO TT Too!
yOU CAN
66
..

if you were

if you wish

wIsh us
if you

if there is

increase (78):
some increase

large increase

further increase

if there is any way

in which (132) ******.-.

if there is anything else

if you will be kind enough

if you will be good enough

if necessary (27) .
if it is necessary ....

if possible

I would
I would like (51)
I would like to havve
I would like to have you
I would like to show you
I would like to tell you
I would like to know
I would like you to say
 uIGH SPEED PHRASES AND
OUTLINESs 167

like to
demonstrate
de
uld
much
like very
wOuld
would be glad

correct
in thinking
am

correct in believing
am

I hope

I sincerely hope

I am

I can (26)
I am not

I cannot

I can't

I can't say
I could
I could not

I could not say (20)

I could not tell you
..
I couldn't say

I would not

I would
not say

wouldn't say (+)

I do not

I don't
 YOU CAN DO I1T TOO!
168

I did not
**.
I didn't
I think
I have

I have not
-************
I say (20)
I say to you
*******
as I say
*******.

I am going ahead
**

I am
going to place
I assure you
I told him
(6)
.
I said to him
I am
telling you
in his letter
*******
in reply to your letter of the 14th
we are in
receipt of your letter of the 14th
I am in (124) * *

receipt of your letter of the 14th

***

This is to
acknowledge
of the 14th receipt of your letter
(124)
We wish to
* * * * *

of the 14th acknowledge receipt of your letter

in
charge of the
company
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 169

and out
in

all
respects(154 )
in

connection with the

(164)
in

installment

insurance

ife insurance (125)

ife insurance policy
life insurance premium (57)
life insurance company

fre insurance company

fire insurance rates

it would be a good idea

innocent of the charge

in the outcome of the litigation

in every way

in every respect

in which direction

intoxicating beverages
intoxicating liquor (130)
under the influence of alcohol

Correct me if I ...
am wrong
believe I am right in say1ng
believe I am correct in saying
 170 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
if I am not in error

if I am not mistaken
if I remember correctly
if you have (49)
if you have been

if you have not been

in my discussion
.

in our discussions

in which
you request us
if you think
there is
in a case of this
kind
in and of itself
in and of
themselves
in any event

in the
light of the fact ***

income tax
income tax return
income tax claim
industry
industrial
industrialist
is it
your testimony
is it a
fact
 SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 171
HIGH
fact
not a
is it
a
fact
isn't it
just a minute

just a moment

Commerce (175)
Journal of
Wall Street Journal

let us hear from you

let us know . .
let us know
please
please let us know whether or not (2-C)

please let me know whether or not

please let me have

plcase let me know

look like (51)

looks like
looked like
looking like
it looks like
it looked like

look forward -.----

looking forward
t
seemed to me
t
seems to me
 yoU CAN
DO I7 To01
172
to me
it appears

to me
it appeared
to be *
it appears

letter of apology
letter of recommendation

little later
little later than

little later on

little longer
little longer than °***a****

list of stockholders

large amount of money

large sum of money *****e*****aee

large sums of money

large number of
last month

last time
last week
last year
latter part of the
in the latter
part of the week *****-****a*.

locomotive ..
locomotive engineer (103)
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES
173
leave o f a b s e n c e

social life ..k-.

animal lifec

rafic light

red light
left angle (140)
........--.
left front wheel

eft-hand side

right-hand side

instruct you as to the law

iet us thank you

ittle louder

speak a litthle louder

making (2-A)
merchandise
memorandum
credit memorandum (104)

memorandum of law
memoranda of law
Written memorandum

Tegular memorandum
-

May I have the

pleasure
May I have the
great pleasure
 174 YOU CAN DO IT
TOO!
more in detail

mortgage
first mortgage (131) -*****
***

second mortgage
misfortune
most convenient ...
must have been

my attention is called
my attention was called
my attention to the matter
your attention to the matter
may we hear from
you
which you mention
sales manager (31-B)
store manager
. -- or

magazine
National Geographic Magazine (31-D)
medical injury (29)
personal injury
murder in the 1st
degree -...L....
manslaughter in the 2nd
degree
manner in which (132)
20 minutes ago
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 175

high water m a r k

Jow water mark

.
the matter (8)
ruth of
t r u t h

the
matter (150)
what is
the matter with you
what is
may we assist

may we suggest

50 miles an hour (91) 50

hour
50 miles per
military (57)
military authorities

military service

for a minute

for a minute or two

more or less

motor vehicle

Motor Vehicle Bureau

millions and millions
hundreds and hundreds
thousands and thousands
New Haven, Conn.

newspaper
near this town
 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!
176
now and then

no longer than

not longer than

not less than ---

no more than

not only
National Bank & Trust Company (166)
neurological examination

neurological symptoms
no, sir (48)
no,sir, I did not

no, sir, I didn't

no, sir, I have not

north, south, cast and west

out of commission

on the part of (94)

on the part of the

on the part of our

on the spur of the moment

obligation (14-C)
application
okay
okayed
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 177

on the whole ***

of
on the subject

our sugnature

to the fact
owing
to the effect
Owing
out of town .-****

out of orderT ***

out of context

fice requirements (116)

of our bank . -***

ought to be

ought to be considered

ought to be taken into consideration

order of proof

officer
police officer
Army officer
Navy officer *

On either hand

on the other hand

Once and for all

Once or twice
Once upon a time
 178 YoU CAN DO IT TOO!

once a week

***
once a year

once a month
...
once a day
***.

on the face of the check

difference of opinion
****

they are of the opinion (8)

*******"
the other
the other side

the other side of the story

the other side of the street

the other side of the road
(hat -*-.

the other side of the case

principal (161)
principal of law

principals of lawv

personal injury (29)

personal experience
personal regards a....

proprietor of the business

prominent
prominently
prominence
 uIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 179

pemanent

pemanently

pemanence

p r e - e m i n e n t

p r e - e m i n e n t l y

p r e - e m i n e n c e

past due account

public library (130)

Dublic liability insurance
..
proof of loss

personal

personnel
printed form

paid off

please acknowledge receipt

by parcel post (134)
lower partof
on the part of our
on the part of the

accounts payable
notes payable

aCcounts receivable
otes receivable
 CAN DO
IT T00
yoU

180
company

of the
on
the part
perfectly glad (60)

perfectly agrecable

perfectly satisfactory

perfectly willing
petty cash book

physician and surgeon

take place
took place
place of business

place of employment

place of residence

plan of reorganization **************

plans and specifications

plea of guilty
plea of not guilty

plead guilty
S
plead not guilty
policeman
policemen
police station
police sergeant
we are in a
position
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 181

of God
presence
the
in
blood pressure

high blood pressure

low blood pressure

atmaspheric pressure ***7

real estate

real estate broker

real estate commission

real property
real property law

reasonable (88)
rules of the game

rules of the road

as a rule

as a general rule

rate of interest

letter of the 14th

to your
referring
recover
will be able to

soldiers and sailors

minute
1
thousand
revolutions per
I
1 thousand rpm
there
right then and
then
right there and
 yOU CAN DO IT TO0!
182
night-hand side

side of the car

right-hand aaAas. Or

of the street
right-hand side
right or Wrong
**********
rightly or wrongly (18)
read and write

robbery in the first degree AA

**********".
robbery in the second degree

room
**********...

dining-room (114)
bedroom
salesroom **

**** ****.

courtroom

stateroom ***
sitting-room
spring season (1411) ***

supply of
your goods
sincerely yours
send us
your check
self-addressed stamped envelope
settlement
statement
statement of account
 uICH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINES 183

account
of your
statement of your

standard (144)

standard of living

s t a n d a r d
of living
high
Standard Oil Company

S t a n d a r d
Oil Company of California
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey

shipping instructions

size and style

special (168)

subject
sub
standpoint

seems to have been

short time ago

sooner or later

sort of thing

that sort of thing

..

Scales of justice

sense of security
.....
Senator from New York (109)
Senator from Ohio
Senator from Missouri
 YOU CAN DO IT Too!
184

sharp angle (140)

both sides
of the case

*****..
the house
both sides of
chamber
both sides of the

some sort of thing

that sort of a thing 6

*****..

something of that sort

something like that (51)

something like it
..6.
speak up
speak louder
*****

speak a little louder

upstairs - Y.--..

downstairs -

up the stairs
down the stairs

standpoint
from our standpoint
Statue of Liberty
stand still1

standing still
stood still1

capital stock
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINESs 185

ertificate o f s t o c k

in stock

out o f s t o c k

preferred stock

stock of the company . m

common

stock m a r k e t

it seems
as
strange

to the terms
subject
to the terms
and conditions
subject
to the terms of the contract
subject
subject to connection

superintendent (146)

superintendent of the building

superintendent of the plant

superintendent of schools

super
bank system (105)
k...
regular system
school system
high school and college
to call on you
two or more

to him
 186 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

together
together with the

altogether
that you have

take care of .
take care of the matter

there is no alternative
that this would be (34)

they are of the opinion

to ask

there is no doubt

there is no reason (148)

that he is
that he is to be held

that you have had (49)

to be of service to youu ...

to have received

take into account (80)

take into consideration (79)
taking into consideration
take a look
terms of the contract (8)
under the terms of the contract
 PHRASES AND OUTLINES 187
HIGH SPEED

lease
ase
the
of
rerms

e r m s a n d c o n d i t i o n s

better than (50)

higher t h a n

lower t h a n

smaller than

not later than

larger than

les than

no less than

more or less than

no

older than

younger than

Sooner or later than

. .2

quicker than

is that so

that is so
that is to say
that is right
that's right (47)
that you have not

that you
ou have not received

am sure there is
 188 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

are you sure there is

I believe there is

I believe there was (33)

I assure you

let me assure you

you may rest assured

. .d..
during the course of the trial
during the time in question
time and again
time and time again
short period of time

nder separate cover

upon receipt of your letter of the 14th

unless (83)
unless and until
.
unless there is
unless there can be

undertaking (2-A)
under the circumstances
******

under the circumstances of the case

under the Constitution
under the Constitution of the
United States
up to the time
 HIGH SPEED PHRASES AND OUTLINEs 189

D-to-date information

present moment
to the
up
upside down (29)

and down (129)

up
up or down M
under the impression

under the impression (37)

I was

We were under the impression

my impression

Very truly yours (15)

value
...
some value (178)
value of the property

very good
very good condition (173)
very much

very often

very soon

very well

volume of sales

we were told

which were
which were not
 190 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

what is the matter

what is the matter with you

which appears to me

which seemed to me
will be there

what

what you (2-D)

would

would you (2-D)

when
-

when you (2-D)

with
with you (2-D)

what you say (2-D, 20)

when you say
would you say
---.

were yoou

were you seen

********

were you there

you would
wait a minute (142)
wait a
moment (142)
wait a second
 OUTLINES 191
SPEED PHRASES AND
HIGH

(160)
please
you
will know
kindly let
us
will you k i n d !

will you describe

will you s t a t e

whether or not
you state
will

the question (160)

answer

will you
answer my question
will you
will y o u d e s c r i b e

describe to the court

will you
know
let me
will you please
let me know
will you kindly
the court and jury
will you tell
court
state to the
will you

will you try

when he is
that -

when you say

the (122-A)
with regard to
to the
(122-B)
with reference
(122-C)
to the
with respect
14th
letter of the
to your
with reference

me
well known to

was called

was it not
 192 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

would it not

would you not say

thru the window

out of the window

in the way in which

in such a way

weights and measures

ways and means

- ...

weren't you -A.

weren't you there

what did you do (151)
what do you do
what did you do with the
what if anything
what if anything did you do

what was the fist thing (155)

what was the first time

what was the next time

what were the circumstances

what was the nature of the conversation
what were the conditions
what do you mean by that (160)
what is known as a
 PHRASES AND OUTLINES 193
HIGH SPEED

not (42)
or
whether

or not
whether

to
s
or not
whether
is
do you know
whether or not (2-C, 159)

whether o r not
recall
remembei whether or not
do you
me whether or not
tell
can you
whether or not
state

your wifeC

won't you say

all over the world

in all the world

worthwhile
it is worthwhile

or would you not (86)

would you ****

would you not say

would you or
...
were you ever

X-ray plates
X-ray pictures
X-ray technician

yes (48)
yes, sir

yes, I did
 DO IT TOO!
YOU CAN
194
yes, have

think so

yes,
I
did
yes, sir, I
have
yes, sir, I
yes or nno

yes, I know
*...

you may consider

-....

you may
take into consideration (79)
young man

young or old

younger than
**3****
CHAPTER X I X

sPECIAL LLEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES

SPECIAL

list contains words and phrases which occur

The following
in legal and court work, and while there
with special frequency
ll be a bit of duplication with the main list in some respects,
better
nevertheless, I feel certain it will crystallize them a little
in your memory.

-A

accord and satisfaction

.a...
able bodied seaman
at the corner of

around the corner

American (147)
American people

approximate
approximately
approximation
approximated
all of a sudden
ater all is said and done
195
 DO I7 T00!
YOU CAN

196 (147)
American
Federation
of Labor
. ..
A. F. of L
North America

South America

Latin America (147) ****.

Central America ****.

atomic energy
Atomic Energy Commission

atom bomb
************.

atomic bomb

hydrogen bomb

about (5):
about you

about how much (5, 4)

about how far

about how long

*******..
about how long have you been
about how soon
about how often
are you a
physician
are
you a
physician and
are
surgeon
you duly licensed physician and
a

against the dignity of the surgeon

United States
 LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 197
SPECIAL .Al,

to tthe
he
bar
b ar
admitted
d m i t e d
to

d m i t t e d t o p r a c t i c e

to actice medicine ...-..***

admitted
amortization o f t h e
the mortgage

and so on

and so forth

and s o
forth
on
so
and * * * * *

so on
on and
and so
a n d

assault and battery

battery in
the lst degree
assault and
assault

e * * * * * * ° *

defendant
answer
of the

answer the question

*****°°**

answer my question

answer that question

answer this question

assets and liabilities

creditors
benefit of
assignment
for the

appellate court

appellate division

as I understand

as I understood

to saY
understand you
as I
to say
understood you
as I
198 yOU CAN DO IT T00!

as far as (75) R
as far as I am concerned

as far as we are concerned

as far as you are concerned

******
as a matter of fact
*.**.
as a matter of law

as a matter of principle

as a matter of right *******

as a matter of course

as a matter of proof

as a whole
9******°****

on the whole

as he has been

as to where the truth-lies ***************

abdominal reflex V
abdominal wall V
after the accident
at the scene of the accident

at or about *******

arteriosclerosis * * * a * * * * * * * *

all that sort of thing ************

and that sort of thing **********-****

anything of the sort ********

 OUTLINES 199
199
COURTROOM
AND
PECIAL L E LEGAL
pCIAL

sort

the
of
nothing

sort
the
of
s o m e t h i n g

administration of justice

of tthe estate
he e state

administrator
adm A.
of the estate
administratrix

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Coast

Pacific Coast

at a loss

of the complaint
allegations
another alternative (9)

only alternative

no alternative

alternative
what is the

at some length
attorney (110-B) :
the plaintiff
attorney for
defendant
the
attorney for
prosecution
for the
attorney
Government
the
attorney for
* * * * *

respondent
for the
attorney
defense
for the
attorney
 200 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

Attorney General's office

Attorney General of the United States

V
***

assistant district attorney

B
believe it or not
believe or disbelieve
Bill of Rights
bill of lading
bills of lading
bill of particulars
.
best of my knowledge
best of my knowledge and information
best of my knowledge,
information and belief
Bureau of Internal Revenue
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
by a fair preponderance of evidence

by a fair preponderance of the evidence

by a fair preponderance of credible evidence
by a fair preponderance of the credible evidence

by a greater weight of evidence

by a greater weight of the evidence

by the same token

 AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 201
14l.
SPECIAL. LEGAL

b u n d e n o f p r o o f

..

rden of proving

burde
between the parties

between the attorneys

body a n d s o u l

heart a n d s o u l

brother

brother and sister

brothers and sisters

sworn, deposes and says

being duly
reason of the negligence
by
of the defendant
reason of the negligence
by * * * * * * *

by reason thereof
***

reasonable doubt
a
beyond
bond and mortgage

bond and mortgage company

bill of exceptions
Bowery Savings Bank

Chase Bank
Trust Co.
First National Bank &

bank system (105)

bankruptcy petition
petition in bankruptcy
202 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

bankruptcy proceedings
Trustee in bankruptcy

beg pardon (135)

I beg pardon

I beg your pardon

I beg your Honor's pardon
by that you mean
be that as it may

beneficiary
beneficiary of the estate

back and forth

backward and forward
bread and butter

-C
compounding a felony

contempt of court J......

collective bargaining L..:

couple of times (84) --.. ....

couple of fellows --.

cup of coffee

can you tell (160)

can you tell me
 PBC1AL LECA,
LEGAL
AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 203

whether or not
tell me whet

JOu

anJ o uS C e

time
thc
hx
y o u

(ammunist P a r t y

United States
of the
Party
Cemunist P a r t y

Soviet Union
of the
snist Party
Commu
restraint
nt of
of trade
in
spiracy
cOnScientious o b j e c t o r

...
cOndemnation proceedings

common carrier (134)

brain
of the
concussion
....
post-concussion syndrome

cubic c e n t i m e t e r

circumstantial evidence *-~o*..--

cause of action **°

causes of action .. *****

certified public a c c o u n t a n t
..
certificate of incorporation

Central Jury Part

-.**

change of venue

chattel mortgage ...

Certified copy
 AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 203
SPECLAL
LEGAL
LEG

me
whether or not
tell
Can y o u t e l l

can you say

can you see

time
fix the
you
can

Communist Party

Party of the United States

ommunist

Union
Communis
Party of the Soviet
in
restraint of trade
conspiracy
conscientious objector

condemnation proceedings

common carrier (134)

the brain
concussion of

post-concussion syndrome

cubic centimeter

ircumstantial evidence

cause of action O-

causes of action
*****

certified public accountant

..
certificate of incorporation
Central Jury Part

change of venue

chattel mortgage
.
certified coPY
204 YOU CAN DO IT Too!

conclusion of law

conclusions of law

come to the conclusion

came to the conclusion

calls for a conclusion

calling for a conclusion
calling for a conclusion of the witness

citizen of the United States

Constitution of the United States
under the Constitution

under the Constitution of the United States

constitutional
constitutional law
t****

corporation
corporation counsel
Corporation Counsel of the City of New York
Court (76):
court and jury

court and the jury

Federal Court (77) *****

Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Court of Appeals
 SPECIAL LA LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 205
eLAL

Circuit Court

Special Session
Ses
of
Court

of
General Sessions
Court
Court o f Claims

Municipal Court

City Court

Surrogate's Court

County Court

Magistrate's Court

Superior Court

District Court

considerable length
counterclaim

defendant
counterclaim of the
******

in the Clerk's office

office
in the County Clerk's

County of Kings
County of Queens e****°°°

cross-examine (43)
Cross-cxamination
**** ***

witness
crOSS-examination of the

called as a witness (63)

the plaintiff
called witness in behalf of
as a
 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!
206

called as a witness in behalf of the defendant

called as a witness in behalf of the Government

counsel (110-A): --Tb-..

counsel for the plaintiff

counsel for the defendant

counsel for the defense

counsel for the prosecution

counsel for the Government

counsel for the respondent

counselor-at-law -- t----}

Code of Criminal Procedure

Code of Civil Procedure

competent:
competent producing cause

of the accident
competent producing cause -****

of the condition
competent producing
cause

competent producing cause of the injury

care and caution

due care and caution

proper care and caution

due care and diligence

D * * * * *

cause of the collision

cause of the accident

 cDRCIAL LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 207

Honor's attention
call your
Honor's attention to the fact
your
call
Honor's attentio
direct your
Honor's attention
let me call your
of the witness
credibility

-D
District Attorney (106)
District Attorney's Office

indictment
date of the

up to date

during the year

during the week

during the time

during the month

1952
during the month of September,

during that year

during this year

divorce proceedings (157)

dispossess proceedings
interlocutory decree
divorce
decree of
interlocutory

decree of divorce
 208 YOU CAN DO I1 TOO!

Democrat
democratic
Democratic Party

democracy
deposition de bene esse

declaratory judgment
due process of law

without due process of law

disinterested witness (29)
demeanor of the witness
-.

deed of trust
double jeopardy
you will determine
due to the accident
due and payable
diagnosis
***-***.-*.

diagnostic
diagnostician
diagnosing
definitely
definitely not
definite understanding .

distinct understanding
 AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 209
ECLAL LEGAL
S P E C I A L

to
and ncluding
including

down

up to and
including
out
and day
in
day
degree o f care

swear (160)
solemnly
do you
difference of opinion

differences of opinion

defendant (71):
for the defendant

defendant
the
in favor of * *

defendant
attorney
for the
defendant

ought to be for the

defendant
will be for the
defendant
must be for the
defendant
of the
thru the negligence
against the defendant ..A
defendant's exhibit A ...e.6
defendant's counsel
.

defendant

COunsel for the

defendant
verdict for the defendant

the
operated by
Owned and

direct examination
witness

of the
direct exami amination
 210 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

during the direct examination

during the cross examination

duly licensed (130)

duly licensed to practice

duly licensed to practice medicine
duly licensed to
practice medicine in the State
of New York

-E
evidence (62):
in evidence

from the evidence

Do you remember the evidence
recollection of the evidence
exclusive (57)
exclusively
inclusive
inclusively
excuse the jury
entire (61):

entirely - ..Y..

entirely satisfactory
entirely possible
 SPECIAL LEGA LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 211

entirely definite

cntire l i n e

questions
line of
entire
testimony
line of
entire

entire testimony

ntire testimony
of th witness (8, 61, 63)
entirely clear

entirely certain

entirely agreeable

entire period of time

each

cach of which
***

cach and every

each and every week

each and every year

each and every month

cach and every allegation

cach and every allegation of the complaint

Cxception
take exception
take exception (29)
take an exception
 YOU CAN DO I7 TOO!
212

Cx post facto

ex post facto law

emergency ward
-O......
enter the hospital .

engineer (103):
civil engineer

electrical engineer
industrial engineer
locomotive engineer ...---

eminent domain

entitled (68)
entitled to recover
entitled to recover a verdict
entitled to recover
damages
entitled to consideration
entitled to compensation
entitled to reasonable compensation
entitled to know
entitled to know whether or not
executive clemency
cqual force and effect
executors of the estate
 LEGAL
BCIAL LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 213
S P E C

aidence(62)

from t h e evidence

remember the evidence

Do you

in evidence

evidencee
What is the
witnesses
evidence of the

camine (43)
examines

examined

examiner

examination

witness
examination of the

Cxamination before trial

Cxamination of the plaintiff

defendant
Cxamination of the

Cxamination in chief

mental examination

physical examination

dental examination

medical examination
 214 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

-F-
in full force

in full force and effect

fellow Americans

fellow citizens
..p
fellow workers
Franklin D. Roosevelt
F. D. R.

5 or 6 ***

6
fracture
fracture of the skull
...
fractured skull
fracture of the bone
fracture of the leg
fracture of the left leg
Jfrom time immemorial
from time to time (7) - -*

from year to year

from day to day
from street to street
from door to door
few and far between k
for the past six months
 SPECIAL LEGAL AND cOURTROOM OUTLINES
215
Jreedom o f s p e e c h

freedom of religion

free from negligence

free
from contributory negligence
benefit of
for the
benefit of creditors
for the
finding ot 1fact

findings of fact

fduciary
fiduciary capacity
for the defendant

for the plaintiff

favor (117)
in favor of
in favor of the
in favor of the Government

in favor of the defendant

in favor of the prosecution

in favor of the defense

in favor of the plaintiff

tood, clothing and shelter

find out
or not
hnd out whether
 TOO!
YOU CAN DO IT
216

face to face

first mortgage (1311)

from first to last

first place
in the first instance

in the first place

in the second place

first of all (155)

for the first time

for the time being
facts and circumstances
*
facts and circumstances of the case

friendly relations
foreign corporation
fifteen

ten or fifteen

ten or fifteen years ago

ten or fifteen minutes ago
fifteen or sixteen
fair and impartial
fairly and impartially
fair and reasonable
fairly and reasonably
 SPECIAL
AL LEGAL LEGAL AND
COURT ROOM OUTLINES 217
-G
ment (162) :

United States vernment

.
Government of the United States
** *=* *

foreign government

Governor of the State of New York

/ give
devise and bequeath
guardian ad litem

grand jury
grand jury proceedings
grand jurors **********

grand jury room

grand larceny (130)

grand larceny in the Ist degree
witnessess
greater number of
evidence
greater weight of the
greater weight of the testimony

-H
husband and wife (152)
my husband
your husband
hop, skip and jump
218 YOU CAN DO 1T TOO!

hospital (120): ****.

in the hospital
brought to the hospital

left the hospital

remained in the hospital

taken to the hospital

Bellevue Hospital
in that hospital
**

private hospital
hearsay evidence
hearsay rule
hostile witness

hard and fast rule

hypothetical question
headquarters
police headquarters ****

human being
human body
human nature

humane
heart and soul
half (23):
one and a half
 CLAL LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 219

a half
and
three
half
and a
six
and a half
block
and a half
mile
half
inch and
a

half
foot and
a

how (4):
how much

how long
have you been
how long
have you been there
how long
how long have you known
him
how long have you known
accident
after the
how long ....
accident
before the
how long
how soon **

how far

how fast

how wide
how many times

how often
how old
how old are you
 YOU CAN DO 17 TOO!
220

are
how old you

how about it

how about that

how did he
C
Honor (55)
May it please your Honor

If your Honor please

If it pleases your Honor

If it please the Court

May it please the Court

May I tell your Honor

Does your Honor

Tell his Honor and the Jury

-I-

in any shape, manner or form

in some shape or form

in the neighborhood of

in the vicinity of
in what capacity

in what way

in whole or in part ...

in the presence of
 PECIAL GAL AND
COURTROOM OUTLINES 22
of the
221
the
presence jur
in
absence of the jur
the
in
i n y o u r OWn

own way
in your sa*****-u

to answer
I decline
I declin to answer on the ground that it will

tend to incriminate me

1 decline to answer on the ground that it will

tend to degrade me

I want to say
I want to say to you

I will say to you ***********

issue of fact (66)

issues of fact

It is stipulated (2-B)
It is stipulated and agreed
by and between the
It is stipulated and agreed
attorneys for the respective parties
It is understood and agreed

if it was
if it would be

if it is possible * *****

if you think
if you believe
222 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

if you find

in a casc of this kind

incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial

that is objccted to as incompetent, irrelevant

and immaterial

is concerned .. -
it is a matter of opinion
in all walks of life

in such a way
in such an event

it is the duty of the Court

it is your duty
in the exercise of (126)
in size 14

imprisonment
Immigration & Naturalization Service
is it (39)

1s it possible

is there (40)

is there any
is there
any possibility
has there been
as there is
 ,Al. LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 223
223

of
interest

the
in
of the
hands
the
position
a
be in
will
w i l l c o n s i d e r

consideration
into
will take
I
evidence
offer in
I evidence
in
Ioffer it
in evidence
it is offered

in evidence

in the evidence

court
of the
in the opinion

in my opinion

is of the opinion
in the matter of the application

I except
I respectfully except
Honor's charge
to your
respectfully except
withdrawal of a juror (129)
call for the

move to dismiss
the complaint
move to dismiss
indictment
.
dismiss the
move to
to say
understand you

understood you
to say
224 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

I show you this letter (158)

I show you this paper

Ishow you
this exhibit
I show you this carbon
copy
ignorance of the law
ufo.
in words or substance

it is your recollection
it is your recollection of the testimony
in witness whereof

in excess of

n the final analysis

jury -J
juror
jury room

justifiable homicide
juvenile delinquent
juvenile delinquency
justice of the peace
Department of Justice
Justice Department
jurisdiction of the court
gentlemen of the jury (128)
 or il LE
SPECIAL LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 225

men of th
ties a n d g e n t l c m e n
jury
r a t , and ladies and gentlemen of the jury
Foreman, and

jury
of the
ecmbers
facts
of the
dges
of the facts
art
the sole judges
FOu

and exclusive judges of the facts

are the sole

-K-
knowledge and information

information and belief

knowledge,
information and belief
knowledge,
upon
knowledge and consent

knowledge
not to my
L
street
left side of the
road
left side of the

landlord
landlord and tenant

tenant
proceeding
landlord and
testament
last will and

letters testamentary

lastly
last of all
 yoU CAN DO IT TO0!
226

last but not least

left angle
legal system
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
******

all along the line

******
leading question ***

leading and suggestive

let us know whether or not

legislation ***

legislative
legislature ****

line of action (129) -*-*********

line of business *******

line of demarcation *********

line of least resistance .*****

line of work

line of goods e*******

line of questioning
law of the State of New York (108) * * * * * * * * * *

under the laws of the State of New York

license (112): * * * * *

license plates *****"******

unlimited license
 SPECIAL
LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 227
dniver's license

arriage license

liquor license

longshoremen

lad to believe

me
to believe
leads
Jaw and o r d e r

the case
Jaw of

Jaw of the land (8)

and barrel
lock, stock
.--.***
letter of recommendation

outcome of the litigation (36)

in the ******

the end of the

litigation
at - ***

the result of
the litigation

-M-
* * * *

* * * * *

occasion
than one
more

more than once

twice
once
or
more than
weck *************
twice a
or
once
nore than
***********

Marxism-Leninism

* * * * *

Marxist-Leninist

Karl Marx
 DO IT TO0
YOU CAN
228
mucous membrane

..ASd...
material allegations ****

mitigating circumstances

mind
make up your

make out his

case

motion granted

motion denied

motion granted, exception

motion denied, exception
Mr. Reporter (133) T
Mr. Stenographer .d....
Mr. Chaiman
Mr. President

Mr.Speaker
motorcycle
member of the bar
member of the crew
members of the crew
murder in the lst
degree
murder in the 2nd
degree
manslaughter in the lst degree
misfeasance
nonfeasance
 P A C I A L L

FGAL
E G
AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 229
229

en and womeen
n

and children
women and

men,
N-
n o t a r yp u b l i c

necessary ( 2 7 ) :

it is necessary

think it is necessary
not

I do
which i s n e c e s s a r y

not necessarily (179)

mean
1
necessarily
not
I do
no such thing
know of
that I
not

I recall
not that

recollect
not that
l

remember
not that I

not to my knowledge
recollection
not to my

not to my memory

New York Port of Embarkation

New York State Banking Law

in the State of New York

in the City of New York

NationalAssociation of Manufacturers
 SPECIAL GAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 229
men and women
men, women
and
children . fs

notary public -N
necessary (27):
it is necessary

I do not think it is
necessary .--

which is necessary
not necessarily (179)
I do not necessarily mean

no such thing

not that I know of

not that I recall1

not that I recollect

not that I remember

not to my knowledge
recollection
not to my

not to my memory
Embarkation
New York Port of
Law
New York State Banking

in the State of New York **********-***

in the City of New York

Manufacturers
Yational Association of
 DO IT TOO
YOU CAN
230
Relations
Board
Labor
National

Exchange
New York Stock

New York
Port of
York Authority
Port of New
notice of appearance

notice of motion

notice of demand

notice to producee
negotiable instrument

negotiable bill of lading

night and day

neighborhood

in the neighborhood of
no foundation laid

foundation laid
no proper
.2...
next of kin
...SA..
null and void

negligence (73) :
defendant
due to the negligence of the
- - * * * * * *

because of the negligence of the defendant

defendant
by reason of the negligence of the
guilty of negligence

contributory negligence
 SPECIAL L E G
LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 231

-0

and over again

over

o n t h e c o r n e r

on or about

about
the time
or
on

on or at

object (65):

objects
objecting
objected
.... Or - .
objection sustained

to the question
I object
to that question
I object
to this question
I object
Honor
object, your
must

to the offer
I object
on the other side

on either side

hand
on the other
on either hand

court
order of the
cause
order to show

out of pocket
232 YOU CAN DO IT TO0!

only
that is the only way

that is the only way in which

it is the only thing

offer of proof

on all sides of the case

offer in evidence

offer it in evidence

opinion of the court

.....

I of the V
am
opinion
owned and operated

owned and operated by the defendant

orthopedic
orthopedist
on the subject

on the subject of the

-P

pre-trial calendar
power of attorney

prima facie
prima facie case

prima facie showing

 sPECLAL GAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 233

p (41):
41)
priorto the

p r o rt o
to the time
the contract

prnor t o

recess
the
to
prior *******

adjournment

the
to
prior *****

accident
the
to
prior * *

conversation

to the
prior --.

point of view

points of view

of fact
in point
point of law

purpose (1 18)

purposes
or
for the purpose
the ship
port side of .

the ship
starboard side of

post-mortem
POst-mortem examination

POst-Concussion syndrome

probation department
probation officer
purchase money mortgag
 1T T00!
YOU CAN DO
234
preponderance of evidence

evidence
of the
preponderance

of the evidence
fair preponderance
by a

parole board .**

plaintiff (72):
for the plaintiff
upon the plaintiff

at the end of the plaintiff's case ..

should be for the plaintiff ..

will be for the plaintiff

must be for the plaintiff
ought to be for the plaintiff

contributory negligence of the plaintiff

in favor of the plaintiff

attorney for the plaintiff

plaintiff's exhibit 1

part and parcel

parcel of land

pedestrian
president

president of the company (8)

President of the United States (8)
 LEGAL AND
SPRCIAL
COURTROOM OUTLINES
LINES 235
2%
vice-president

v i c e - p r e s i c d e n t
the
of the company
co

and loss
statement of profit
proits a n d losses

and losses
of the company
profits
of time (49, 1)
plenty
plenty of room

plenty of space

property (90):

my property

your property

real property

personal property

stolen property

piece of property

pain and suffering

Public Health Service

Public Health Hospital

Public Service Commission

photostat
photostatic copies
yhotographs
 236 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

figures ..
petitioner
penitentiary
public school system

public library
presumption of innocence
.
presumed to be innocent

period of time (28):

for some period of time
for a long period of time

regular period of time

various periods of time
in that period of time

petition in bankruptcy

pardon(135): VJ
pardon me
will you pardon me

I beg your pardon

I beg your Honor's pardon
party of the first part (167)

party of the second part

personal representative -
 oUTLINES 237
237
LEGAL AND cOURTROOM
P E C I A L

0-
q u e s t r o n ( 6 4 ) ;

questions

questioned

questioncr

questioning

questionable

questionnaire

question of fact

questions of fact

question of law

questions of law

what is the question

read the question

repeat the question

answer the question

at the time in question

will you answer the question

wllyou please answer the question

question of damages
ine of questions

object to the question

Iobject to the form of the question
 PRCIAL LEGAL. AND
COURTROOM oUTLINES 237
-Q-
question (64):

questions

questioned

questioner

questioning
questionable

questionnaire

question of fact

questions of fact

question of law

questions of law

what is the question

read the question
repeat the questioon 2

answer the question

at the time in question

will you answer the question

will you please answer the question

question of damagesS
line of questions

object to the question

question
object to the form of the
 yoU CAN DO IT TOO!
238

did you hear

the question
I withdraw the question

-R

ready, able and willing

ready, willing and able

res judicata

res ipsa loquitur

rank and file

rank and file members

restraint of trade

Conspiracy in restraint of trade

rule of law

rules of law

rule and regulation

rules and regulations
rule of thumb
rules of evidence
right angle
left angle
rear wheel

rear car

rear of the car

 EGAL AND
PECIAL LEG
COURTROOM OUTLINES 239
Republican Party

case (8)
of
the
t W i t n e s s e s

the
of .--..
st
answer

t
of the
o f

ceiving olen goods

of stolen goods
receiver

eceiver in bankruptcy

return receipt required

railroad (136)

railway
railroad car

railroad station

railroad crossing
reasonable (88):

reasonably
reasonably prudent person
(177)
reasonable amount of damages

reasonable value

reasonable time
time (28)
reasonable period of
Tcasonable prudent man

Teasonable prudent person

reasonable compensation
 SPECIAL LEGAL AND COURTROOM OUTLINES 239
Republican Party

rest of the case (8)

the witnesses
rest of

rest of the
answer

receiving stolen goods

receiver of stolen goods

receiver in bankruptcy

Vreturn receipt required

railroad (136)

railway
railroad car

railroad station

railroad crossing l.---.------

reasonable (88)
or
reasonably
reasonably prudent person
reasonable amount of damages (177)
**

reasonable value

reasonable time

Teasonable period of time (28)

Teasonable prudent man

reasonable prudent person

Teasonable compensation
 240 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

reasonable consideration
reasonable care

reasonable care and caution

reasonable diligence

reasonable care and diligence

recover (89)

brought to recover
seeks to recover
entitled to recover
desires to recover damages
sues to recover damages
she cannot recover

he can recover

referee in bankruptcy
recollection (139-A, B)
refresh your recollection

refreshing your recollection

refreshed your recollection
refresh my recollection

refreshing my recollection
refreshed my recollection
refresh your memory

refreshing your memory

272 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

 SHORTHAND NOTES 273

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

274 YOU CAN DO 17T TOO!

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

 SHORTHAND NOT ES 275

YOUR OWN PHRASES

ADD

**
276 YOU CAN DO IT Too!

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

-
 SHORTHAND NOTESs 277

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

**

***
 278 YOU CAN DO IT TOO!

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES

.
 SHORTHAND NOTES 279

ADD YOUR OWN PHRASES